Objective: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XFBD) in a mouse model of dampness-heat toxin pneumonia. By exploring how XFBD exerts its effects, we seek to deepen our understanding of its role in treating pulmonary diseases and to address the current knowledge gap regarding its mechanisms of action, thereby supporting its clinical application. Methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were employed to analyze the chemical constituents of XFBD. The protective effects of XFBD were evaluated using a dampness-heat toxin-induced mouse model, established through dampness-heat exposure and HCoV-229E infection. XFBD was administered orally, followed by assessments including lung index measurement, micro-CT imaging, viral load quantification, cytokine analysis, and histological evaluation via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Proteomics and single-cell transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms underlying XFBD’s pharmacological effects. A cellular model of HCoV-229E infection was developed to investigate changes in the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments confirmed the strong binding affinity between key XFBD components and PKA. Finally, PKA activators and inhibitors were applied in vitro to validate these mechanistic findings. Results: In vivo studies demonstrated that XFBD significantly reduced the lung index, improved the structural integrity of lung and tongue tissues, and decreased levels of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses showed that the differentially expressed proteins after XFBD treatment were primarily associated with inflammatory responses and immune regulation. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway was identified as a key mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects. Notably, Western blot, ELISA, molecular docking, and SPR analyses confirmed that XFBD elevated cAMP levels and p-PKA expression, thereby activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in vitro. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that XFBD significantly alleviates symptoms in mice with dampness-heat toxin pneumonia. Its therapeutic effects are mediated, at least in part, through activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These findings provide compelling evidence that XFBD is an effective herbal remedy against HCoV-229E infection.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo construct an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）-infected pneumonia suitable for preclinical studies. MethodsThe virulence of RSV to the four cell lines was observed by cytopathic effect （CPE）， and 50% tissue culture infective dose（TCID₅₀） was calculated. Twenty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. Six BALB/c-hIGF1R mice served as the humanized IGF1R model group. Except for the normal group， the other groups received intranasal RSV infection on days 1 and 3 to establish a viral pneumonia model. The efficacy of establishing an RSV-induced pneumonia animal model based on humanized insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1R） mice was evaluated by measuring organ indices， peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages， pulmonary pathology and imaging， and pulmonary viral load. Additionally， ten BALB/c mice served as normal group， and thirty-two BALB/c-hIGF1R mice were randomly assigned to humanized IGF1R model group， ribavirin group （82.5 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， and high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen （3.3 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹ ， 1.65 mg·kg^-¹·d^-¹）， with 8 mice per group. The viral load in lung tissue was measured after ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen intervention， and the model was applied to the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs. ResultsIn the lungs of the humanized IGF1R model group， large solid and diffuse ground-glass shadows were seen， and the lung volume was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The lung index was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and both the spleen index and thymus index were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and there was a large amount of inflammation and stasis in the perivascular area of the lung tissue， which was predominantly characterized by lymphocytes. The endothelium of blood vessels was partially detached， with a small number of eosinophils. After infecting BALB/c-hIGF1R mice with RSV， the expression of viral nucleic acids in the lung tissue of the mice was significantly increased， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The expression of viral nucleic acids in the ribavirin group and the high and low dose groups of Lianhua Qingwen was significantly reduced， with significant differences compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionHumanized IGF1R mice are more susceptible to respiratory SVC， and the animal model of RSV-infected pneumonia based on humanized IGF1R mice was successfully constructed， which is suitable for the evaluation of anti-RSV drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules （SFJD） in alleviating influenza A （H1N1） virus pneumonia and focus on its effect on Toll-like receptor （TLR） signaling pathway in respiratory epithelial cells. MethodsA mouse model of viral pneumonia was established via the A/PR/8/34 （PR8） strain of influenza A virus. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a PR8 infection （PR8） group， and an SFJD group （8.4 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The day of infection was designated as day 1. The SFJD group was administered intragastrically at a volume of 20 mL·kg^-1 daily， while the normal and PR8 groups were given an equal volume of deionized water. Micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was performed on day 5， and the mice were dissected to collect their lungs， after which the lung index was calculated to verify the therapeutic effect of SFJD. Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in respiratory epithelial cells. Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of TLR， tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， and myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） proteins in epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM）-positive cells， and the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR pathway proteins was calculated. Respiratory epithelial cells were then sorted by flow cytometry， and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR， MyD88， TRAF6， Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β （TRIF）， inhibitor of κB kinase α （IKKα）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the sorted epithelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in lung tissue. ResultsAt the transcriptional level， SFJD reversed the expression of TLR signaling pathway genes in respiratory epithelial cells， downregulating multiple TLR signaling pathway-related genes （P<0.01）. At the protein level， SFJD significantly reduced the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR3 （P<0.05）， the expression levels of TLR2， TLR3， TLR4， TRIF， TRAF6， IKKα， and NF-κB in epithelial cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue （P<0.01）. ConclusionSFJD may alleviate viral pneumonia by suppressing the expression of TLR in respiratory epithelial cells and their subsequent signaling cascades.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Lutongning granules in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in animal models and study its mechanism of action， so as to provide laboratory data support for the clinical application of Lutongning granules and precise treatment. MethodMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， carbamazepine group （0.06 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， high-dose Lutongning group （2.70 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low-dose Lutongning group （1.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1） according to the stratified basic mechanical pain thresholds， with 10 rats in each group. A trigeminal neuralgia model of rats was prepared by injecting 30% talc suspension into the infraorbital foramen area of the rat. The drug groups were administered 10 mL·kg^-1 of drugs by gavage after 2 h of modeling. The normal group and the model group were administered distilled water by gavage under the same conditions once a day for 10 consecutive days. Von Frey brushes were used to determine the mechanical pain threshold of rats. A fully automated blood and body fluid analyzer was employed to detect the blood routine of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was utilized to detect the pathological changes in the trigeminal ganglion and medulla oblongata tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was used to scan the ultrastructure of the medulla oblongata tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin （IL）-1， IL-6， IL-8， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， neuropeptide substance P， and β-endorphins （β-EP） in the serum of rats， and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of IL-1β， purinergic receptor P2X7 （P2X7R）， and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p-p38 MAPK）. ResultCompared with that in the normal group， the pain threshold of rats in the model group was significantly lower （P<0.01）. The absolute value of neutrophils （NEUT#） and the percentage of neutrophils （NEUT） were significantly improved， and the percentage of lymphocytes （LYMPH） was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The serum levels of IL-1， IL-6， IL-8， and TNF-α were significantly increased （P<0.01）. SP content in brain tissue was significantly increased， and β-EP content was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The relative protein expression of IL-1β， P2X7R， and p-p38 MAPK was significantly increased （P<0.05）. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy results of medulla oblongata tissue revealed neuronal degeneration， mild proliferation of microglial cells， reduction in the number of myelinated nerves， and obvious demyelination. The trigeminal nerve fibers of rats were disarranged， and some nerve fibers showed vacuolization. Axons were swollen， and Schwann cells proliferated. Demyelination was observed. Compared with the model group， each administration group significantly increased the pain threshold of rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced NEUT# and NEUT， and elevated LYMPH （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The administration group significantly decreased the levels of IL-1， IL-6， IL-8， and TNF-α in serum and SP in brain tissue （P<0.01） and increased the level of β-EP （P<0.01）. They significantly down-regulated the protein expression of IL-1β， P2X7R， and p-p38 MAPK（P<0.05， P<0.01） and significantly ameliorated the pathological changes in medulla oblongata tissue and trigeminal nerves of rats. ConclusionLutongning Granules had significant therapeutic effects on trigeminal neuralgia induced by injection of talc into the infraorbital foramen of model rats， and the mechanism may be related to amelioration of P2X7R-mediated neuroinflammation and inhibition of demyelination of myelinated nerves.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of letrozole combined with methylprednisolone on clinical outcomes， ovarian reserve function， serum sex hormones， and safety in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene. METHODS The clinical data of 78 infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene in the Department of Gynecology of Qingdao Central Hospital from February 2021 to January 2022 was analyzed retrospectively， and all patients were divided into control group （42 cases） and observation group （36 cases） based on the treatment methods. The control group took letrozole 5 mg/d orally on the 5th to 9th day of the menstrual cycle. Vaginal ultrasound was used to monitor the development of the endometrium and follicles； estradiol valerate was used to correct endometrial thickness， and measures such as inducing ovulation with follicle-stimulating hormone were taken to promote pregnancy. On the basis of treatment in the control group， the observation group began taking methylprednisolone orally at a dose of 4 mg/d starting from the third day of natural menstruation or withdrawal bleeding. Both groups were treated for 6 menstrual cycles. The ovulation and pregnancy within one year， serum levels of sex hormones [estradiol （E2）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， testosterone] and anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）， ovulation indicators （follicle growth time， the number of ovulations， and the number of dominant follicles）， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After treatment， the biochemical pregnancy rate （72.22%） and clinical pregnancy rate （47.22%） of the observation group were significantly higher than those of control group （47.62%， 19.05%）； the serum levels of E2， LH， FSH， testosterone and AMH were significantly lower than the control group； the follicle growth time was significantly shorter than the control group； the number of ovulation and dominant follicles were significantly higher than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in ovulation rate （94.44% vs. 83.33%） and total incidence of adverse drug reactions （8.33% vs. 9.52%） between the observation group and the control group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with letrozole alone， the combination of letrozole and methylprednisolone can significantly improve the pregnancy rate， the sex hormone levels and ovarian reserve function in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene， with high safety profiles.

Objective Gallstone disease(GSD)is one of the common digestive tract diseases with a high worldwide prevalence.The effects of GSD on patients include but are not limited to the symptoms of nausea,vomiting,and biliary colic directly caused by GSD.In addition,there is mounting evidence from cohort studies connecting GSD to other conditions,such as cardiovascular diseases,biliary tract cancer,and colorectal cancer.Early identification of patients at a high risk of GSD may help improve the prevention and control of the disease.A series of studies have attempted to establish prediction models for GSD,but these models could not be fully applied in the general population due to incomplete prediction factors,small sample sizes,and limitations in external validation.It is crucial to design a universally applicable GSD risk prediction model for the general population and to take individualized intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of GSD.This study aims to conduct a multicenter investigation involving more than 90 000 people to construct and validate a complete and simplified GSD risk prediction model.Methods A total of 123 634 participants were included in the study between January 2015 and December 2020,of whom 43 929 were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(Chongqing,China),11 907 were from the First People's Hospital of Jining City(Shandong,China),1 538 were from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital(Tianjin,China),and 66 260 were from the People's Hospital of Kaizhou District(Chongqing,China).After excluding patients with incomplete clinical medical data,35 976 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were divided into a training data set(n=28 781,80% )and a validation data set(n=7 195,20% ).Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relevant risk factors of GSD,and a complete risk prediction model was constructed.Factors with high scores,mainly according to the nomograms of the complete model,were retained to simplify the model.In the validation data set,the diagnostic accuracy and clinical performance of these models were validated using the calibration curve,area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Moreover,the diagnostic accuracy of these two models was validated in three other hospitals.Finally,we established an online website for using the prediction model(The complete model is accessible at https://wenqianyu.shinyapps.io/Completemodel/,while the simplified model is accessible at https://wenqianyu.shinyapps.io/Simplified/).Results After excluding patients with incomplete clinical medical data,a total of 96 426 participants were finally included in this study(35 876 from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University,9 289 from the First People's Hospital of Jining City,1 522 from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute,and 49 639 from the People's Hospital of Kaizhou District).Female sex,advanced age,higher body mass index,fasting plasma glucose,uric acid,total bilirubin,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,and fatty liver disease were positively associated with risks for GSD.Furthermore,gallbladder polyps,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and aspartate aminotransferase were negatively correlated to risks for GSD.According to the nomograms of the complete model,a simplified model including sex,age,body mass index,gallbladder polyps,and fatty liver disease was constructed.All the calibration curves exhibited good consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities.In addition,DCA indicated that both the complete model and the simplified model showed better net benefits than treat-all and treat-none.Based on the calibration plots,DCA,and AUCs of the complete model(AUC in the internal validation data set=74.1%[95% CI:72.9%-75.3%],AUC in Shandong=71.7%[95% CI:70.6%-72.8%],AUC in Tianjin=75.3%[95% CI:72.7%-77.9%],and AUC in Kaizhou=72.9%[95% CI:72.5%-73.3%])and the simplified model(AUC in the internal validation data set=73.7%[95% CI:72.5%-75.0%],AUC in Shandong=71.5%[95% CI:70.4%-72.5%],AUC in Tianjin=75.4%[95% CI:72.9%-78.0%],and AUC in Kaizhou=72.4%[95% CI:72.0%-72.8%]),we concluded that the complete and simplified risk prediction models for GSD exhibited excellent performance.Moreover,we detected no significant differences between the performance of the two models(P>0.05).We also established two online websites based on the results of this study for GSD risk prediction.Conclusions This study innovatively used the data from 96 426 patients from four hospitals to establish a GSD risk prediction model and to perform risk prediction analyses of internal and external validation data sets in four cohorts.A simplified model of GSD risk prediction,which included the variables of sex,age,body mass index,gallbladder polyps,and fatty liver disease,also exhibited good discrimination and clinical performance.Nonetheless,further studies are needed to explore the role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in gallstone formation.Although the validation results of the complete model were better than those of the simplified model to a certain extent,the difference was not significant even in large samples.Compared with the complete model,the simplified model uses fewer variables and yields similar prediction and clinical impact.Hence,we recommend the application of the simplified model to improve the efficiency of screening high-risk groups in practice.The use of the simplified model is conducive to enhancing the self-awareness of prevention and control in the general population and early intervention for GSD.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with scalp acupuncture and simple scalp acupuncture for shoulder-hand syndrome phase Ⅰ after cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 68 patients with shoulder-hand syndrome phase Ⅰ after cerebral infarction were randomized into a combination group (34 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a scalp acupuncture group (34 cases). Internal medicine treatment and conventional rehabilitation training were adopted in both groups. In the scalp acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied at parietal area and anterior parietal area of Yu's scalp acupuncture, electroacupuncture was connected for 30 min, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz and in electric current of 1 mA, and the needles were retained for 6 h, once a day for continuous 14 days. On the basis of the treatment in the scalp acupuncture group, Fu's subcutaneous needling was applied at the affected muscles during needle retaining in the combination group, once a day in the first 3 days, once every other day in left days, 2-day interval was taken after 4-time treatment, for 14 days totally. Before and after treatment, the scores of the short form of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), edema degree, guides to evaluation of permanent impairment (GEPI), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) were observed in the two groups, respectively, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of pain rating index (PRI), visual analogue scale (VAS) and present pain intensity (PPI), as well as the total scores of SF-MPQ were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the above indexes in the combination group were lower than those in the scalp acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of edema degree and DASH were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), while the GEPI scores were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05) in the two groups; in the combination group, the scores of edema degree and DASH were lower (P<0.05) while the GEPI score was higher (P<0.05) than those in the scalp acupuncture group. The total effective rate was 97.0% (32/33) in the combination group, which was superior to 91.2% (31/34) in the scalp acupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Both Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with scalp acupuncture and simple scalp acupuncture can effectively relieve the shoulder joint pain and edema degree of hand, improve the upper limb function in patients with shoulder-hand syndrome phase Ⅰ after cerebral infarction, and the combination therapy has better therapeutic effect than simple scalp acupuncture.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Middle Aged ; Cerebral Infarction/therapy* ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Scalp ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult