Early start denver model(ESDM)is a comprehensive early intervention approach for the children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)between 12-month-old-36-month-old.The model is built upon the theoretical foundations of applied behavior analysis,denver model(DM),and pivotal response treatment,and it is one of the naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions.Compared with the other early intervention methods,ESDM is not limited by the environment of intervention;it encompasses all the areas of development during teaching practice and has been widely adopted for the early intervention of the children with ASD,and achieves the satisfactory therapeutic effect.The ESDM typically uses an intensive one-on-one intervention approach,but variabilities have emerged in its practical application,such as group ESDM(G-ESDM),parent-implemented ESDM(P-ESDM),and peer-mediated ESDM.In particular,G-ESDM and P-ESDM have provided the learning opportunities for more families,showing a broad application prospect.This study reviews the theoretical foundations,teaching models,and the effects of various intervention modalities of the ESDM in the treatment of ASD;combined with the domestic and international research findings,this study offers a reference for further studies on the mechanism of ESDM intervention for ASD.

By analyzing information such as the number of publications，authors，institutions and keywords in the literature on the integration of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）culture into ideological and political education in the past 10 years，it was found that the overall number of publications showed an increasing trend. As the main research fronts，TCM colleges and universities had not yet formed teams in cooperation with other universities. The research hotspots were relatively concentrated，but the research horizons were not broad enough. It is suggested that in the future，policy should be taken as the guide to build a cross-regional interdisciplinary cooperation system，horizontally and vertically extend research subjects，innovate and construct diversified teaching models，continue to deeply explore and organically integrate ideological and political education elements，continuously improve the evaluation system of educational functions，and further enhance the timeliness of integrating traditional Chinese medicine culture into ideological and political education. So as to make greater contributions to cultivating talents in the new era and promoting the inheritance and innovation of TCM culture.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tick-borne rickettsial infections in selected areas of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, 2023, so as to provide insights into the management of tick-borne rickettsioses in the city. Methods Ticks were captured from the body surface of bovines and sheep in Gaoxing Village, Dashan Township, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province during the period between April and June, 2023, and tick species were identified using morphological and molecular biological techniques. In addition, tick-borne Rickettsia was identified using a nested PCR assay, including spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR), Coxiella spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Orientia spp., and positive amplified fragments were sequenced and aligned with known sequences accessed in the GenBank database. Results A total of 200 ticks were collected and all tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus. Nestle PCR assay combined with sequencing identified ticks carrying Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis (40.50%), Coxiella burnetii (1.50%), and Coxiella-like endosymbionts (27.00%), and Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. or Orientsia spp. was not detected. Conclusions R. microplus carried Candidatus R. jingxinensis, C. burnetii, and Coxiella-like endosymbionts in selected areas of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province. Intensified monitoring of tickborne rickettsial infections is needed in livestock and humans to reduce the damages caused by rickettsioses.

Objective To evaluate the ability of the ratio of peripheral blood white blood cell(WBC)counts to platelet counts to predict the onset of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma(TL)in a mouse model.Methods Mice were subjected to fractionated total-body irradiation(TBI)to established a TL model before the changes of the WBC-to-platelet ratio during the development and progression of TL were investigated.Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into the normal(non-irradiation)group and radiation exposure group that was subjected to 1.8 Gy TBI once weekly for four consecutive weeks.The survival and TL-incidence of those two groups were compared within 370 days of TBI.Histomorphology and hematoxylin & eosin(H&E)staining of the thymus were used for definite diagnosis of TL while flow cytometry was adopted to detect the frequency changes of T cells in the thymus,bone marrow and spleen.Peripheral blood(PB)cell counts were measured to analyze the changes of peripheral hemogram during TL pathogenesis.Results No mice in the normal group were diagnosed with TL while 83％of the irradiated mic suffered from TL within 370 days of fractionated TBI(P＜0.0001).Using histopathologic technology,medium-sized tumor cells were observed in the thymus of irradiated mice diagnosed with TL.Cytometric analysis showed decreased frequencies of CD4 mono-positive cells and increased frequencies of CD8 mono-positive cells in the thymus,bone marrow and spleen of mice diagnosed with TL.PB analysis displayed a significant increase in the WBC-to-platelet ratio one week prior to the TL-caused death in the irradiated mice(P＜0.01).Conclusion Elevation of the peripheral blood WBC-to-platelet ratio can help predict the onset of IR-induced TL of mice.

Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Liver Neoplasms ; Ribonucleoproteins ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of severe periodontitis with various number of tooth loss during 4-year natural progression, and to analyze the factors related to higher rate of tooth loss. METHODS: A total of 217 patients aged 15 to 44 years with severe periodontitis were included, who participated in a 4-year natural progression research. Data obtained from questionnaire survey, clinical examination and radiographic measurement. Tooth loss during 4-year natural progression was evaluated. The baseline periodontal disease related and caries related factors were calculated, including number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, number of missing molars, number of teeth with widened periodontal ligament space (WPDL), number of teeth with periapical lesions and etc. Characteristics of populations with various number of tooth loss and the related factors that affected higher rate of tooth loss were analyzed. RESULTS: In 4 years of natural progression, 103 teeth were lost, and annual tooth loss per person was 0.12±0.38. Nine patients lost 3 or more teeth. Thirty-four patients lost 1 or 2 teeth, and 174 patients were absent of tooth loss. Molars were mostly frequent to lose, and canines presented a minimum loss. The number of teeth with WPDL, with periapical lesions, with intrabony defects, with probing depth (PD)≥7 mm, with PD≥5 mm, with clinical attachment loss≥5 mm, with bone loss > 50% and with bone loss > 65% were positively correlated to number of tooth loss. Results from orderly multivariate Logistic regression showd that the number of teeth with bone loss > 50% OR=1.550), baseline number of molars lost (OR=1.774), number of teeth with WPDL (1 to 2: OR=1.415; ≥3: OR=13.105), number of teeth with periapical lesions (1 to 2: OR=4.393; ≥3: OR=9.526) and number of teeth with caries/residual roots (OR=3.028) were significant risk factors related to higher likelihood of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss. CONCLUSION In 4 years of natural progression, the number of teeth with bone loss > 50%, baseline number of missing molars, number of teeth with WPDL, baseline number of teeth with periapical lesions and number of teeth with caries/residual roots were significantly related to higher risk of tooth loss and multiple tooth loss among Chinese young and middle-aged patients with severe periodontitis in rural areas.
Humans ; Tooth Loss/etiology* ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Tooth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Molar

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of using flat-sided culture tubes for preparing chromosomes through chorionic villi (CV) and amniotic fluid (AF) cell cultures during prenatal diagnosis. METHODS: From February to March 2020, 157 CV samples and 147 AF samples subjected to prenatal diagnosis at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the study subjects. For each sample, one flat-sided tube and one flask culture were set up by following the standard protocols. The methods were evaluated by comparing the cell growth, experimental process, quality of chromosome preparation and costs. RESULTS: The success rates for the culturing of CV and AF samples by the flat-sided culture tube method were 97.45% (153/157) and 97.96% (144/147), respectively. By contrast, the success rates for the conventional flask method were 98.72% (155/157) for CV and 98.64% (145/147) for AF samples. No significant difference was found between the two methods (P > 0.05). The average harvest time required by the flat-sided culture tube method was 8.45 days for CV and 9.43 days for AF cultures, whilst the average harvest time for conventional flask method was 9.05 days and 9.54 days, respectively. The flat-sided culture tube method for CV had required significantly shorter average harvest time than the conventional method (P < 0.001). No statistical significant difference was found in the average harvest time for AF by the two methods (P > 0.05). The conventional culturing method had required three containers with two sample transfers. By contrast, the flat-sided culture tube method was carried out in one tube without any sample transfer. The average total amount of medium used was 3.91 mL for each flat-sided culture tube and 6.26 mL for each conventional flask. CONCLUSION The flat-sided culture tube method can provide a simple, cost-effective and error-reducing procedure for the CV and AF samples culture during prenatal diagnosis.
Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; China ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Amniotic Fluid ; Cell Proliferation

Objective:To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge and prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in HIV-infected men aged ≥50 years in Chongqing, and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control measures.Methods:From July to December 2021, a random sampling method was used to recruit 800 HIV-infected men aged ≥50 years in Yubei, Kaizhou, Jiangjin and Shapingba Districts of Chongqing for a face-to-face questionnaire survey. The logistic regression model was used to analyze relevant factors of AIDS knowledge awareness and prevalence of extramarital sex behavior. The SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The average age were (62.5±8.6) years in 698 of HIV-infected men aged ≥50 years.The overall awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 66.91% (467/698), the incidence of non-marital sexual behavior in last year was 6.73% (47/698), and the consistent condom use rate was 61.70% (29/47). Multivariate analysis showed that the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was lower in those aged ≥70 years (a OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.91) and those aged ≥60 years (a OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.41-0.90) and those with other marital status (a OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98), and the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was higher in those with education level of junior high school or above (a OR=5.90, 95% CI: 3.34-10.44). Those with widowed/divorced/unmarried marital status (a OR=13.01, 95% CI: 6.11-27.71) and those using sexual aids in the last year (a OR=8.72, 95% CI: 2.76-27.55) had higher prevalence of non-marital sexual behavior. Conclusions:HIV-infected men aged ≥50 years in Chongqing had lower awareness of AIDS related knowledge, a certain percentage of non-marital sex, and lower condom use rate. It is suggested to strengthen the health education about sexual health and the promotion of condom use in this population.

ObjectiveProteoglycan TPG-1 isolated from Trametes robiniophila（Huaier） has proved to have anti-hepatoma activity， and this paper aims to explore the molecular mechanism. MethodHuman hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells were treated with TPG-1 （0， 0.05， 0.1， 0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1）. Then cell survival was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） and apoptosis by flow cytometry. In addition， expression of genes in SK-HEP-1 cells treated with or without TPG-1 was examined by DNA microarray to preliminarily explore the anti-hepatoma molecular mechanism of TPG-1. ResultTPG-1 inhibited the proliferation of SK-HEP-1 cells as compared with the blank group （P<0.01）. After treatment with 1 g·L^-1 TPG-1 for 48 h， the apoptosis rate of SK-HEP-1 cells increased （P<0.01）， and TPG-1 promoted the cleavage of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase （Caspase）-3 and Caspase-7， the key mediators of apoptosis （P<0.01）. Additionally， TPG-1 （1 g·L^-1） suppressed the migration of SK-HEP-1 cells （P<0.05）. A total of 971 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified in SK-HEP-1 cells after treatment with TPG-1， with 486 up-regulated and 485 down-regulated. These DEGs were mainly involved in the Gene Ontology （GO） terms of interleukin-6 （IL-6） biosynthesis， antigen processing and presentation， superoxide dismutase activity， positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase （MAPKKK） cascade， nature killer （NK） cell chemotaxis， and chemokine biosynthesis， and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathways of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain （NOD）-like receptor signaling pathway， apoptosis， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway， retinoic acid-inducible gene-Ⅰ （RIG-Ⅰ）-like receptor signaling pathway， T-cell receptor signaling pathway， and chemokine signaling pathway. Western blot results showed that TPG-1 （1 g·L^-1） activated mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway in SK-HEP-1 cells （P<0.01）. ConclusionProteoglycan TPG-1 inhibited the proliferation and migration， and induced apoptosis of human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells. Up-regulation of MAPK signaling pathway may be responsible for the growth inhibition of human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells by TPG-1.