Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in a rabbit full-thickness wound model using non-targeted metabolomics.Methods:Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits (11-12 weeks old) were used. Two symmetrical circular full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of each rabbit. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (no treatment), Saline group (debridement with saline irrigation), and NPWT+ Saline group (saline debridement followed by 2 h of NPWT at -125 mm Hg once daily for two weeks). Wound healing was documented on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The wound healing rate was calculated as (original area-unhealed area)/original area × 100%. Histopathological changes were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Metabolomic profiling of wound tissues was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were identified, and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were measured using commercial kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test or Welch’s ANOVA with Games-Howell test was applied as appropriate.Results:On days 3, 10, and 14, the wound healing rate in the NPWT+ Saline group was significantly higher than that in the Control and Saline groups ( P<0.05). On day 7, the NPWT+ Saline group showed a significantly higher healing rate than the Saline group ( P<0.01), but no significant difference compared with the Control group ( P>0.05). HE staining on day 7 revealed enhanced epithelialization, thicker granulation tissue, higher microvessel density, and more abundant, well-organized collagen in the NPWT+ Saline group. By day 14, all groups had formed relatively continuous epithelial structures. Non-targeted metabolomics identified riboflavin and spermidine as differential metabolites. Pathway analysis highlighted riboflavin metabolism and glutathione metabolism as the most significantly enriched pathways. Compared with the Control and Saline groups, the NPWT+ Saline group exhibited significantly increased CAT and SOD activities ( P<0.05) and decreased MDA content ( P<0.01), indicating reduced oxidative stress. Conclusion:NPWT may promote wound healing by elevating riboflavin and spermidine levels, thereby modulating riboflavin and glutathione metabolism and regulating local redox reactions.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Dictamni Cortex.METHODS The 70％ethanol extract from Dictamni Cortex was isolated and purified by HP-20 macroporous resin,silica gel,MCI,ODS and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were isolated and identified as rutin(1),apigenin(2),catechin(3),hesperetin(4),leonuriside A(5),androsin(6),2-methoxy-4-acetylphenol-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-6')-β-glucopyranoside(7),vanillic acid(8),gallic acid(9),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(10),benzoic acid(11),involcranoside B(12),benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside(13),bphenylethyl-rutinoside(14),1-bromonaphthalene(15),cimifugin(16),9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-10(E),15(Z)-dienoic acid(17),methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoate(18),7,8-dihydroxy-9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid(19),vernolic acid(20),9,10(erythro)-dihydroxy-11 E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(21),(7Z,9E,13Z)-11-hydroxyhexadeca-7,9,13-trienoic acid(22),(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-13-hydroxydocosa-7,10,14,16,19-pentaenoic acid(23),(9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid methyl ester(24),n-hexanol-O-rutinoside(25),hexyl β-sophoroside(26),3-pentyl 6'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(27),3-methylbut-3-enyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(28),3-methyl-but-2-en-1-yl β-D-glucopyranoside(29),3-methylbutan-1-ol-β-D-glucopyranoside(30),pregnenolone(31),2-butoxytetrahydrofuran(32),psydrin(33).CONCLUSION Compounds 2-4,8-13,15-16,25-28 and 32-33 are isolated from Rutaceae family for the first time.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of application of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure due to qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Methods:A prospective study was conducted with 66 patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, all diagnosed with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, who were admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to March 2024. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 33 patients, based on the odd or even number of their hospital admission numbers. The control group received conventional treatment with Western medicine, while the observation group received Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The clinical effects between the two groups were compared, and changes in heart function, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, and serum biomarkers before and after treatment were collected and compared. Results:The overall response rate in the observation group was 96.97% (32/33), which was significantly higher than that of the control group at 75.76% (25/33) ( χ2 = 4.63, P < 0.05). After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 9.03, 6.36, 5.55, 12.34, all P < 0.001). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group ( t = 3.66, 7.69, 6.53, all P < 0.05). The 6-minute walk test results and left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = -5.06, -18.10, both P < 0.001). The levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and serum homocysteine in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group ( t = 18.09, 18.61, 10.87, all P < 0.001). Conclusions:Combining Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills with conventional treatment for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure due to qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome can effectively enhance clinical outcomes, alleviate symptoms, improve heart function, and reduce inflammatory responses.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Dictamni Cortex.METHODS The 70％ethanol extract from Dictamni Cortex was isolated and purified by HP-20 macroporous resin,silica gel,MCI,ODS and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were isolated and identified as rutin(1),apigenin(2),catechin(3),hesperetin(4),leonuriside A(5),androsin(6),2-methoxy-4-acetylphenol-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-6')-β-glucopyranoside(7),vanillic acid(8),gallic acid(9),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(10),benzoic acid(11),involcranoside B(12),benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside(13),bphenylethyl-rutinoside(14),1-bromonaphthalene(15),cimifugin(16),9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-10(E),15(Z)-dienoic acid(17),methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoate(18),7,8-dihydroxy-9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid(19),vernolic acid(20),9,10(erythro)-dihydroxy-11 E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(21),(7Z,9E,13Z)-11-hydroxyhexadeca-7,9,13-trienoic acid(22),(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-13-hydroxydocosa-7,10,14,16,19-pentaenoic acid(23),(9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid methyl ester(24),n-hexanol-O-rutinoside(25),hexyl β-sophoroside(26),3-pentyl 6'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(27),3-methylbut-3-enyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(28),3-methyl-but-2-en-1-yl β-D-glucopyranoside(29),3-methylbutan-1-ol-β-D-glucopyranoside(30),pregnenolone(31),2-butoxytetrahydrofuran(32),psydrin(33).CONCLUSION Compounds 2-4,8-13,15-16,25-28 and 32-33 are isolated from Rutaceae family for the first time.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in a rabbit full-thickness wound model using non-targeted metabolomics.Methods:Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits (11-12 weeks old) were used. Two symmetrical circular full-thickness skin defects were created on the back of each rabbit. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (no treatment), Saline group (debridement with saline irrigation), and NPWT+ Saline group (saline debridement followed by 2 h of NPWT at -125 mm Hg once daily for two weeks). Wound healing was documented on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The wound healing rate was calculated as (original area-unhealed area)/original area × 100%. Histopathological changes were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Metabolomic profiling of wound tissues was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were identified, and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were measured using commercial kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test or Welch’s ANOVA with Games-Howell test was applied as appropriate.Results:On days 3, 10, and 14, the wound healing rate in the NPWT+ Saline group was significantly higher than that in the Control and Saline groups ( P<0.05). On day 7, the NPWT+ Saline group showed a significantly higher healing rate than the Saline group ( P<0.01), but no significant difference compared with the Control group ( P>0.05). HE staining on day 7 revealed enhanced epithelialization, thicker granulation tissue, higher microvessel density, and more abundant, well-organized collagen in the NPWT+ Saline group. By day 14, all groups had formed relatively continuous epithelial structures. Non-targeted metabolomics identified riboflavin and spermidine as differential metabolites. Pathway analysis highlighted riboflavin metabolism and glutathione metabolism as the most significantly enriched pathways. Compared with the Control and Saline groups, the NPWT+ Saline group exhibited significantly increased CAT and SOD activities ( P<0.05) and decreased MDA content ( P<0.01), indicating reduced oxidative stress. Conclusion:NPWT may promote wound healing by elevating riboflavin and spermidine levels, thereby modulating riboflavin and glutathione metabolism and regulating local redox reactions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of application of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure due to qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Methods:A prospective study was conducted with 66 patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, all diagnosed with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, who were admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to March 2024. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 33 patients, based on the odd or even number of their hospital admission numbers. The control group received conventional treatment with Western medicine, while the observation group received Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The clinical effects between the two groups were compared, and changes in heart function, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, and serum biomarkers before and after treatment were collected and compared. Results:The overall response rate in the observation group was 96.97% (32/33), which was significantly higher than that of the control group at 75.76% (25/33) ( χ2 = 4.63, P < 0.05). After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 9.03, 6.36, 5.55, 12.34, all P < 0.001). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group ( t = 3.66, 7.69, 6.53, all P < 0.05). The 6-minute walk test results and left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = -5.06, -18.10, both P < 0.001). The levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and serum homocysteine in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group ( t = 18.09, 18.61, 10.87, all P < 0.001). Conclusions:Combining Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills with conventional treatment for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure due to qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome can effectively enhance clinical outcomes, alleviate symptoms, improve heart function, and reduce inflammatory responses.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the in vitro pharmaceutical properties(protein content and purity,biological activity)and in vivo pharmacodynamics(procoagulant activity)of recombinant human thrombin.Methods The content of protein in recombinant human thrombin was determined by folin-reagent method.Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine its purity.Human thrombin activity test was applied to detect its biological activity.Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided according to body mass into blank group(0.9％NaCl solution),experimental-L group(200 U·mL-1 recombinant human thrombin)and experimental-H group(1 000 U·mL-1 recombinant human thrombin),6 rabbits in each group.The procoagulant effects of recombinant human thrombin were investigated in the rabbit liver injury model.Results The protein content of recombinant human thrombin was(1.980±0.024)mg per container,its biological activity was(5764.3±197.7)U per container and its biological specific activity was(2 911.2±99.8)U·mg-1.The target protein(35 kD in non-reductive electrophoresis)has a single band and few miscellaneous proteins were found on the gel.Compared with the blank group,the mean hemostasis time and mean blood loss weight of rabbit liver wound were reduced by 57.0％and 87.7％in the experimental-L group,which in the experimental-H group were reduced by 71.8％and 91.9％.Conclusion Recombinant human thrombin has high protein purity and specific biological activity,and has significant procoagulant activity in vivo.

Cornus officinalis,a medicinal and edible plant known for its liver-nourishing properties,has shown promise in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),crucial indicators of hepatic fibrosis,especially when processed by high pressure wine steaming(HPWS).Herein,this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of cornus officinalis,both in its raw and HPWS forms,on inflammation and apoptosis in liver fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.In vivo liver fibrosis models were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4,while in vitro HSCs were exposed to transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).These findings demonstrated that cornus officinalis with HPWS conspicuously ameliorated his-topathological injury,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors,and decreased collagen deposition in CCl4-induced rats compared to its raw form.Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)combined with network analysis,we identified that the pharmacological effects of the changed components of cornus officinalis before and after HPWS,primarily centered on the adenosine phosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Of note,cornus officinalis activated AMPK and sirtuin 3(SIRT3),promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs through the caspase cascade by regulating caspase3,caspase6 and caspase9.small interfering RNA(siRNA)experiments showed that cornus officinalis could regulate AMPK activity and its mediated-apoptosis through SIRT3.In conclusion,cornus officinalis exhibited the ability to reduce inflammation and apoptosis,with the SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway identified as a potential mecha-nism underlying the synergistic effect of cornus officinalis with HPWS on anti-liver fibrosis.