AIM: To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and radial peripheral capillary(RPC)density in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), and further analyze the correlation between RPC density and RNFL thickness.METHODS: Observational study. Totally 37 patients with unilateral BRVO diagnosed at the ophthalmology department of First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from October 2020 to January 2022 were selected, the 37 affected eyes were the unilateral BRVO group, and 37 fellow healthy eyes were the contralateral unaffected group, and 35 healthy individuals(35 right eyes were selected)without ocular diseases during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment, fundus and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)were examined in both eyes of all BRVO patients and healthy individuals. The central macular thickness(CMT), the RNFL thickness, and the optic disc-AV crossing distance(DAVD)were measured by built-in software of the OCTA equipment. The optimized U-net algorithm was used to eliminate the large blood vessels, and then the RPC density was calculated. The CMT, RNFL thickness and RPC density were compared among the three groups. And the correlations of the RPC density with the CMT, RNFL thickness, and the DAVD were investigated.RESULTS: Compared with the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group, the CMT and the RNFL thickness were significantly thickened in the unilateral BRVO group(all P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in the CMT and the RNFL thickness between the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group(all P>0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group increased compared with the contralateral unaffected group and decreased compared with the normal control group, but there was no statistically difference(all P>0.05). However, the RPC density in the contralateral unaffected group decreased compared with the normal control group(P<0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group was not correlated with the CMT(P=0.960), but positively correlated with the RNFL thickness(r=0.401, P=0.014)and negatively correlated with the DAVD(r=-0.339, P=0.040).CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickened significantly and the RPC density did not change significantly in the optic disc area of BRVO patients. The RPC density is positively correlated with the RNFL thickness, indicating that the RNFL thickness can be used as a monitoring indicator to analyze and study the damage degree of the RPC density.

Objective To investigate the global burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from 1990 to 2021 and predict the trends in the burden of VL from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into global VL prevention and control. Methods The global age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of VL and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources. The trends in the global burden of VL were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from 1990 to 2021, and gender-, age-, country-, geographical area- and socio-demographic index (SDI)-stratified burdens of VL were analyzed. The trends in the global burden of VL were projected with a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035, and the associations of age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates of VL with SDI levels were examined with a smoothing spline model. Results The global age-standardized incidence [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)], prevalence [AAPC = -0.06%, 95% CI: (-0.06%, -0.06%)], mortality [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)] and DALYs rates of VL [AAPC = -2.38%, 95% CI: (-2.44%, -2.33%)] all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, and the highest age-standardized incidence [2.55/10⁵, 95% UI: (1.49/10⁵, 4.07/10⁵)], prevalence [0.64/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.37/10⁵, 1.02/10⁵)], mortality [0.51/10⁵, 95% UI: (0, 1.80/10⁵)] and DALYs rates of VL [33.81/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.06/10⁵, 124.09/10⁵)] were seen in tropical Latin America in 2021. The global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of VL were both higher among men [0.57/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.45/10⁵, 0.72/10⁵); 0.14/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.11/10⁵, 0.18/10⁵)] than among women [0.27/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.33/10⁵); 0.06/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.05/10⁵, 0.08/10⁵)], and the highest mortality of VL was found among children under 5 years of age [0.24/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.08/10⁵, 0.66/10⁵)]. The age-standardized incidence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), prevalence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), mortality (r = -0.511, P < 0.001) and DALYs rates of VL (r = -0.514, P < 0.001) correlated negatively with SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. In addition, the global burden of VL was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2035, and the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates were projected to be reduced to 0.11/10⁵, 0.03/10⁵, 0.02/10⁵ and 1.44/10⁵ in 2035, respectively. Conclusions Although the global burden of VL appeared an overall tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, the burden of VL showed a tendency towards a rise in Central Asia and western sub-Saharan African areas. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of VL were relatively higher among men, and the age-standardized mortality of VL was relatively higher among children under 5 years of age. The global burden of VL was projected to continue to decline from 2022 to 2035.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and serum lipid levels [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels] with ulcerative colitis.Methods:The clinical data of 98 patients with ulcerative colitis admitted to Bayannur Hospital from November 2021 to November 2023 (observation group) were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-nine healthy individuals who were selected at a 2:1 ratio during the same period were included in the control group. Serum IL-6 and Hcy levels, MLR, and lipid levels were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic efficacy of serum IL-6, Hcy, MLR, and lipid levels for ulcerative colitis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze correlation of serum IL-6 and Hcy levels, MLR, and lipid levels with ulcerative colitis.Results:In the observation group, serum IL-6 and Hcy levels and MLR were (39.87 ± 12.36) pg/mL, (13.01 ± 3.52) μmol/L, and (0.38 ± 0.12), respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(22.3 ± 3.26) pg/mL, (10.05 ± 3.26) μmol/L, (0.29 ± 0.08), t = 9.77, 4.92, 4.78, all P < 0.05]. In the observation group, serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were (1.16 ± 0.32) mmol/L, (4.12 ± 1.15) mmol/L, (2.60 ± 0.75) mmol/L, and (1.02 ± 0.17) mmol/L, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.45 ± 0.41) mmol/L, (4.91 ± 0.99) mmol/L, (3.20 ± 0.71) mmol/L, (1.13 ± 0.16) mmol/L, t = 4.71, 4.11, 4.65, 3.77, all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis indicated that the areas under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing ulcerative colitis based on serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, MLR, TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were 0.957, 0.749, 0.746, 0.732, 0.678, 0.722, and 0.681, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, MLR, TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were all correlated with the severity of ulcerative colitis in patients ( r = 0.501, 0.615, 0.605, -0.577, -0.542, -0.548, -0.646, all P < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, and MLR were negatively correlated with lipid levels ( r = -0.806, -0.801, -0.791, -0.649, -0.728, -0.671, -0.720, -0.655, -0.857, -0.877, -0.889, -0.583, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:In patients with ulcerative colitis, serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, and MLR are elevated, while lipid levels are decreased. Additionally, serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, MLR, and lipid levels are associated with the severity of the disease. There is also a correlation between serum levels of IL-6, Hcy, MLR, and lipid levels.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the application value of fascial platform versus commercial platform in transumbilical single-port laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair(TAPP)for inguinal hernia.Methods One hundred patients with inguinal hernia admitted between January and December 2024 were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the fascial platform group(n=50)or the commercial platform group(n=50)by using a random number table.The following parameters were compared between the two groups:platform establishment time,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,incision suture time,operative difficulty score,camera manipulation difficulty score,postoperative 24-hour Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of pain,postoperative hospital stay,total hospitalization cost,comprehensive satisfaction score,and postoperative complications.Results The fascial platform group demonstrated significantly superior outcomes compared to the commercial platform group in platform establishment time[(3.4±1.0)min vs.(8.1±1.5)min,t=-18.389,P＜0.001],operative time[(67.5±7.9)min vs.(72.2±11.5)min,t=-2.380,P=0.019],intraoperative blood loss[(8.3±4.3)ml vs.(11.1±5.7)ml,t=-2.798,P=0.006],incision suture time[(7.0±1.4)min vs.(11.8±2.7)min,t=-11.212,P＜0.001],operative difficulty score(14.4±3.6 vs.23.1±4.1,t=-11.215,P＜0.001),camera manipulation difficulty score(11.4±2.6 vs.18.3±2.5,t=-13.370,P＜0.001),VAS score of postoperative 24-hour pain(2.4±1.0 vs.3.7±1.1,t=-6.139,P＜0.001),total hospitalization cost[(15.8±1.6)thousand yuan vs.(18.3±1.6)thousand yuan,t=-7.841,P＜0.001],and comprehensive satisfaction score(7.3±1.1 vs.6.3±1.0,t=5.271,P＜0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative hospital stay or postoperative complication between the two groups(P＞0.05).All the patients were followed up for 1-12 months postoperatively[(5.3±1.8)months vs.(5.7±2.0)months,t=-0.945,P=0.347],with no recurrence observed in either group.Conclusions Both fascial platform and commercial platform can be used for transumbilical single-port TAPP.The fascial platform offers advantages including shorter platform establishment time,reduced incision suture time,lower operative and camera manipulation difficulty,decreased cost,less postoperative pain,and higher patient satisfaction.

Objective:To investigate the potential causes of the rising epidemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Weifang, Shandong province.Methods:The temporal trend of SFTS epidemic was segmented using Joinpoint regression analysis. Changes in epidemiological characteristics across different periods were compared, and correlation analysis was conducted to identify meteorological factors influencing the epidemic trend.Results:Joinpoint regression revealed two distinct periods for SFTS epidemic in Weifang: 2015-2021 and 2022-2024. No significant trend was observed during 2015-2021 ( P=0.634), while a sharp annual increase of 46.69% occurred from 2022 to 2024 ( P=0.006). Spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrated a global Moran’s I of 0.42 ( Z=8.55, P<0.001) for 2015-2021, with 15 high-high clustering areas identified. For 2022-2024, the global Moran’s I decreased to 0.37 ( Z=7.31, P<0.001), with 13 high-high clusters, including newly emerging hotspots in Anqiu and Zhucheng in the southeastern region. High-risk populations remained individuals aged ≥50 in mountainous and hilly areas, with a marked rise in incidence in these groups. The male-to-female ratio of cases was higher in plain areas than in mountainous/hilly regions. Autumn (September-November) temperatures from the preceding year showed a positive correlation with annual case numbers ( P=0.004, r=0.82). The linear regression expression is y=40.61x-580.78 (y is the annual incidence, and x is the average daily temperature of last autumn). Conclusions:The SFTS epidemic in Weifang is showing a rising trend. There is a linear correlation between the temperature of the previous autumn and the scale of SFTS epidemic in the following year. This correlation allows for predicting the subsequent year′s epidemic, thereby enabling early warning of SFTS.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.METHODS Separation and purification were performed using silica gel,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The monophenolase inhibitory activity was determined by the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as sesamin(1),methyl caffeate(2),quercetin(3),5,7-dihydroxychromanone(4),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(5),esculetin(6),kaempferol(7),naringenin(8),pyrogallic acid(9),pinosylvin(10),methyl propionate(11),caffeic acid(12),saccharinol(13),ferulic acid(14),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(15),cinnamic acid(16),vanillic acid(17),vanillin(18),4-hydroxyacetophenone(19),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(20),apigenin(21),(-)-isolariciresinol(22),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(23)and meso-2,3-di(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol(24).The IC50 values of compounds 3,5,7,8,19,and 20 ranged from(0.246 5±0.028 3)to(1.278 2±0.021 3)mmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9、11、15、17-21、24 are isolated from this plant for the first time,and 1,6,9,17-19,24 are first isolated from genus Balanophora.Compounds 3、5、7、8、19 and 20 have tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Objective To design an intelligent airborne soldier physical training system based on human body composition analysis to solve the problems in diversity of training mode,targeted training plan and high incidence of military training-related injuries.Methods The intelligent airborne military physical training system was designed with B/S architecture and developed with Python language,which was composed of four functional modules for airborne soldier information acquisition,trainee physical fitness state assessment,physical fitness training program recommendation and airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation.The airborne soldier information acquisition module collected and analyzed the trainee physiological parameter information with a human body composition analyzer,clarified the parameter characteristics related to physical training with considerations on military physical training requirements and constructed a trainee physical fitness assessment parameter model;the trainee physical fitness state assessment module established an evaluation model based on machine learning to realize stage-by-stage physical fitness evaluation for airborne soldiers;the physical fitness training program recommendation module was constructed based on the physical training feature similarity algorithm and graph embedding theory to provide decision making assistance for program development of airborne military physical training;the airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation module compared the physical fitness and evaluation results before and after training by means of list and chart,and updated the training program based on the evaluation results by calling the physical training program recommendation module.Results The intelligent airborne soldier physical training system contributed to forming an individualized physical fitness training recommendation mechanism after trainee body evaluation,modifying training program based on comparison and feedback for stage-by-stage training evaluation,so as to decrease the incidence of military training-related injuries while increasing the training efficiency.Conclusion The system developed improves airborne soldier physical training in rationality and reliability,and provides references for intelligent military training of the PLA.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):16-23]

Objective To investigate the correlation between the Balkwill angle and occlusal plane angles and temporomandibular joint(TMJ)morphology in adults with skeletal Class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion.Methods Thirty-five adult patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ division 2 low angle(study group)and 35 adult patients with skeletal Class Ⅰ average angle(control group)were included.The Invivo Dental 5 software was employed to acquire the data of Balkwill angle,occlusal plane angle(FH-OP),posterior occlusal plane angle(FH-POP),mandibular occlusal plane angle(FH-MOP),DPO(vertical distance from condylar center to the MOP)and the TMJ measurement items.Results The mean values of FH-OP,FH-POP and FH-MOP were lower in the study group than control group(P＜0.05).The average value of Balkwill angle and DPO were higher in the study group than the control group(P＜0.05).Sig-nificant differences were found in the measurement results of the mediolateral diameters of the condyle,width of condylar head,the ar-ticular eminence inclination and height,superior joint space between two groups.DPO had a medium correlation with mediolateral di-ameters of the condyle,glenoid fossa depth and articular eminence height.And FH-MOP angle had a medium correlation with mediolat-eral diameters of the condyle and articular eminence height.There was a medium correlation between the Balkwill angle and articular eminence height,a weak correlation with mediolateral diameters of the condyle,articular eminence inclination,condylar length and glenoid fossa depth.Conclusion The results indicated that the DPO had a significant impact on TMJ morphology,followed by FH-MOP,and finally Balkwill angle in skeletal Class Ⅱ division 2 low angle malocclusion.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of CT radiomics in predicting the grade of liver cancer and the prognosis after hepatectomy.Methods A retrospective selection was conducted on 385 liver cancer patients who underwent preoperative CT scans,and they were divided into training group(265 cases)and testing group(120 cases).The CT radiomics features were extracted and logistic regression was used to construct radiomics markers.A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients with liver cancer who underwent hepatectomy and regular follow-up.Results The area under the curve(AUC)of the radiomics signature in the train-ing group was 0.889.The AUC in the testing group was 0.941.For predicting prognosis after hepatectomy,the radiomics features with filter parameter of Filter 1.0 achieved optimal performance,with Dif.Scale1.2 being a good independent predictor of overall survival(OS).Conclusion CT radiomics has certain application value in predicting the grade of liver cancer and the prognosis after hepatectomy.