Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, remains a central focus of ophthalmic research, particularly with regard to surgical management. Conventional procedures, such as trabeculectomy with mitomycin and glaucoma drainage device implantation, continue to be considered the gold standard because of their strong intraocular pressure lowering efficacy. However, these operations are associated with relatively high rates of postoperative complications, and perioperative fluctuations in intraocular parameters can introduce refractive prediction errors that ultimately compromise visual quality. In recent years, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)has gained increasing attention for its advantages in reducing complications, shortening operative time, minimizing incision size, and accelerating visual recovery, while better preserving postoperative refractive stability. This review systematically summarizes the differences in refractive outcomes between conventional surgery and MIGS, examines the underlying mechanisms, and discusses practical clinical strategies to manage refractive shifts. The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for precise refractive management in glaucoma surgery, thereby enhancing patients' visual quality and overall quality of life.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Jianpi Huazhuo Tiaozhi Granule （健脾化浊调脂颗粒， JHTG） in treating atherosclerosis （AS） based on the regulation of perivascular adipose tissue （PVAT） browning via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/AKT） signaling pathway. MethodsFifteen SPF male C57BL/6J mice served as control group， while 76 ApoE^-/- mice were first fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish AS model. After successful modeling， they were randomly divided into model group （n=16）， as well as the browning group， the low-， medium- and high-dose JHTG group， with 15 mice in each group. The browning group was intraperitoneally injected with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL 316243 at 1 mg/（kg·d） once daily. The low-， medium- and high-dose JHTG groups were treated with 4.3 g/（kg·d）， 8.6 g/（kg·d）， and 17.2 g/（kg·d） of JHTG by gavage， respectively， while the control group and the model group were given normal saline at 10 ml/（kg·d） by intragastric administration， once daily. All groups received continuous intervention for 4 weeks. The aorta was collected to assess the plaque ratio by gross oil red O staining. HE staining was used to measure the plaque area in cross-sections. Masson staining was employed to detect the proportion of collagen fibers in plaque. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the quantity and morphological changes of mitochondria and lipid droplets in adipocytes. The levels of serum triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were detected， as well as tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） levels in the PVAT and aorta. The protein levels of adiponectin and leptin in PVAT， and protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （p-PI3K）， protein kinase B （AKT）， phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-AKT）， uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α （PGC-1α）， and PR domain containing 16 （PRDM16） were measured. The mRNA expression levels of UCP1， PGC-1α and PRDM16 in PVAT were detected. ResultsCompared to the control group， the model group showed increased serum TG， TC， and LDL-C levels and decreased HDL-C level， elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels in PVAT and aorta， decreased average fluorescence intensity of adiponectin， increased average fluorescence intensity of leptin， reduced p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT values as well as protein levels and mRNA expression levels of UCP1， PGC-1α and PRDM16 （P＜0.01）. The pathological results showed that no significant plaque formation was observed in the aortas of mice in the control group. In the model group， multiple plaques were observed in the aortas， with large numbers of foam cells， cholesterol crystals， and inflammatory cell aggregation in the plaques. Compared to the model group， the browning group and the high-dose JHTG group significantly improved the above indicators and aortic pathological changes （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Three JHTG groups showed a dose-dependent effect in reducing LDL-C level and plaque ratio by gross oil red O staining， elevating the average fluorescence intensity of adiponectin， the p-AKT/AKT value， the protein level of PGC-1α， and the mRNA expression levels of UCP1 and PRDM16 （P＜0.05）. The high-dose JHTG group and the browning group showed similar efficacy in improving the pathology of the aorta. ConclusionJHTG may promote PVAT browning in AS model mice through the PI3K/AKT pathway， improve the endocrine function of PVAT， inhibit aortic inflammation， and thereby ameliorate the formation of AS plaques.

BACKGROUND:Deep muscle stimulation has the effects of releasing muscle adhesion,relieving muscle spasm,improving and restoring muscle compliance and elasticity.Electromyographic biofeedback therapy can promote nerve recovery and improve lower limb motor function and gait. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of the effect of deep muscle stimulation combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy on the spasm of the triceps surae and gait changes after stroke by using a digital muscle detector and three-dimensional gait analysis system. METHODS:A total of 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from October 2020 to October 2023.And they were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups(n=36 per group):a control group and a combined group.The control group received routine rehabilitation therapies,electromyographic biofeedback and pseudo deep muscle stimulation,while the combined group received true deep muscle stimulation treatment on the basis of the control group,five times per week,for 4 consecutive weeks.The oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness of the affected gastrocnemius muscle,active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower limbs,and three-dimensional gait analysis parameters were statistically analyzed before and after treatment in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness values of the inner and outer sides of the affected gastrocnemius muscle in both groups of patients were significantly reduced compared with before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).The active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,and Fugl-Meyer scores after treatment were significantly increased or improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase or improvement compared with the control group(P<0.05).In terms of gait parameters,the walking speed,frequency,and stride in both groups of patients were significantly increased compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase compared with the control group(P<0.05).The percentage time of support phase on the healthy side was shortened compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the percentage of healthy side support(P>0.05).To conclude,the combination of deep muscle stimulation and electromyographic biofeedback can effectively alleviate triceps spasm in the short term after stroke,improve ankle dorsiflexion function,enhance lower limb motor function,and improve gait.The treatment effect is significant and worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Integrated metabolomic and lipidomic profiling,utilizing liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS),has emerged as a pivotal strategy for biomarker discovery.However,the inherent polarity disparity between metabolites and lipids complicates simultaneous analysis.To address this,a dual-stationary phase polarity-extended liquid chromatography(PELC)system was developed,which surpassed conventional one-dimensional LC(1D-LC)by enabling comprehensive coverage of both polar and non-polar compounds within a single injection.This system enhanced chromatographic resolution,peak capacity,and throughput while minimizing analytical variability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles ubiquitously present in biofluids,had gained prominence as reservoirs of cancer biomarkers due to their cargo stability and pathophysiological relevance.Herein,the application of PELC-HRMS for concurrent metabolome-lipidome profiling in EVs was pioneered.A total of 193 metabolites were identified using this technique coupled with MS-DIAL software and Human Metabolome Database.Subsequently,this technique was employed to explore potential biomarkers for prostate cancer(PCa).Multivariate analysis identified 17 differentially abundant metabolites in PCa,implicating dysregulated pathways including purine metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism,galactose metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.Notably,creatine(AUC=0.92)and DG 42:5(AUC=0.80)demonstrated robust diagnostic efficacy,attributable to their broad polarity ranges and EV-specific enrichment.This study established PELC as a high-fidelity platform for multi-omics integration in complex biospecimens,advancing mechanistic insights into metabolic rewiring and disease pathophysiology.

The core pathogenesis of disease caused by latent toxin is deficiency of healthy qi and lingering pathogen, which is characterized by lingering and recurrent courses, and onset upon exogenous induction. The biological mechanisms of disease caused by latent toxin present multi-dimensional and synergistic characteristics. Immune dysfunction and inflammatory response serve as the core links, involving the abnormal activation of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, TLR, and NF-κB; the accumulation of metabolites, as the microscopic carrier of latent toxin, participates in chronic complications of diabetes by damaging vascular endothelium and inhibiting repair pathways; immune escape and tolerance, as well as weakened tumor suppressor function, supplement the potential mechanisms of latent toxin from the perspectives of pathogen/tumor cell latency and congenital insufficiency; the imbalance of tissue repair and remodeling, and the imbalance of protein metabolism and cellular homeostasis further improve the mechanism network of latent toxin. Among these, immune dysfunction, tumor suppressor gene mutation, and regulatory dysfunction may be the microscopic manifestations of "healthy qi deficiency"; inflammatory factors, metabolites, viruses, and tumor cells may be the microscopic manifestations of "latent toxin". Current studies have limitations, such as unclear specific biomarkers for different types of latent toxin, insufficient research on the interaction of multiple mechanisms, and lack of clinical verification. It is suggested that future research should be further carried out around "latent toxin classification-mechanism-efficacy".

Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors associated with postoperative deep vein thrombosis(DVT)of the lower extremities in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 298 patients who were hospitalized for lumbar degenerative diseases and underwent lumbar spine surgery treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from October 1,2022 to April 15,2023.Patients were divided into DVT group(n=71)and non-DVT group(n=227)according to whether DVT of the lower limbs occurred within 1 week postoperatively.The incidence and distribution characteristics of postoperative DVT were analyzed.Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for DVT,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine cut-off values for relevant risk factors.Results A total of 298 patients were included,among whom 159 were males(53.4%)and 139 were females(46.6%),with an average age of(64.5±9.8)years.DVT occurred in 71 patients,and the incidence of lower extremity DVT was 23.8%.In the DVT group,there were 49 cases(69.0%)of intermuscular vein thrombosis,and 22 cases of other types of thrombosis(7 cases of peroneal vein thrombosis,4 cases of posterior tibial vein thrombosis,3 cases of common femoral vein thrombosis,1 case of anterior tibial vein thrombosis,and 7 cases of multiple thrombosis);58 cases(81.7%)had DVT in one lower extremity,and 13 cases(18.3%)had DVT in both lower extremities.Univariate analysis results showed that age,body mass index(BMI),length of hospital stay,history of hypertension,operative time,and intraoperative blood loss were associated with the occurrence of lower extremity DVT after surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis results indicated that older age(OR=1.079,P<0.01),higher BMI(OR=1.130,P=0.01),history of hypertension(OR=2.992,P<0.01),and larger intraoperative blood loss(OR=1.002,P=0.03)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of lower extremity DVT.ROC curve analysis demonstrated that patients with age>58.5 years,BMI>24.01 kg/m2,history of hypertension,and intraoperative blood loss>550 ml had a significantly increased risk of postoperative lower limb DVT.Conclusions The incidence of lower extremity DVT after surgery for lumbar degenerative disease is high,and intermuscular venous thrombosis is more common.Older age,higher BMI,history of hypertension,and larger intraoperative blood loss are independent risk factors for the occurrence of lower extremity DVT after surgery.

Objective:To investigate the effects of CO2 intracavitary laser combined with pelvic floor magnetic stimulation on surface electromyography(sEMG)values and pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound parameters in female patients with stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 92 female SUI patients treated at the outpatient department of Meizhou People's Hospital from October 2021 to July 2023.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group(n=46 each)using a random number table.Both groups received home-based pelvic floor muscle training.The control group additionally received pelvic floor magnetic stimulation,while the observation group was treated with CO2 intracavitary laser combined with pelvic floor magnetic stimulation.The urinary leakage status,treatment efficacy,pelvic floor muscle sEMG,pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound parameters,quality of life,and sexual quality of life were compared between the two groups.Assessments included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form(ICIQ-SF),the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form(IIQ-7),and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire(PISQ-12).Results:1-hour leakage volume:0 g(observation group)vs.3 g(control group),24-hour leakage episodes:0 times(observation group)vs.0 times(control group),the observed differences were statistically significant(Z=-2.866,-2.355,P<0.05).Total effective rate:95.65%(observation)vs.58.70%(control),the observed differences were statistically significant(x2=4.083,P<0.05).Pelvic floor muscle sEMG(after treatment):Maximal fast contraction:(40.78±3.28)μV(observation)vs.(35.17±5.10)μV(control),Mean tonic contraction:(31.56±4.20)μV(observation)vs.(25.87±3.82)μV(control),Mean endurance contraction:(29.34±2.58)μV(observation)vs.(25.37±2.67)μV(control),all differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=2.736,19.919,3.025,15.426,P<0.05).After treatment,both groups showed reductions in bladder neck descent(BND)during Valsalva maneuver,bladder-symphysis distance(BSD),urethral rotation angle(URA),and posterior vesicourethral angle(RVA).However,the observation group demonstrated significantly greater reductions compared to the control group(post-treatment data:observation group(24.30±3.21)mm,(2.34±0.23)mm,(56.40±5.87)°,(89.54±9.21)°;control group(26.21±3.48)mm,(3.57±0.35)mm,(60.29±6.45)°,(126.71±13.50)°.These differences were statistically significant(t=2.736,19.919,3.025,15.426,P<0.05).Similarly,both groups exhibited decreased scores on the ICIQ-SF and IIQ-7 scales,along with increased scores on the PISQ-12.Again,the observation group showed superior improvement,with statistically significant differences(t=11.478,13.168,6.631,P<0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of pelvic floor muscle training,CO2 intracavitary laser therapy combined with pelvic floor magnetic stimulation can effectively alleviate urinary incontinence symptoms in patients with female stress urinary incontinence(FSUI),enhance therapeutic efficacy,improve pelvic floor muscle strength and the stability of pelvic support structures,and promote quality of life and sexual function.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) published in Chinese between Jan 2021 and Sep 2022. METHODS: Chinese language CHM SRs were identified through literature searches across 3 international and 4 Chinese databases. Methodological quality was appraised using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2. Logistic regressions were used to explore associations between bibliographical characteristics and quality. RESULTS: Analyses of methodological quality found that among the 213 sampled SRs, 69.5% were of critically low quality, 30.5% were of low quality, and none achieved high or moderate quality. Common shortcomings included the failure to identify the studies excluded from the analysis, failure to disclose funding sources, and limited evaluation of the potential impact of bias on conclusions. Logistic regressions revealed that SRs led by corresponding authors affiliated with universities or academic institutions tended to be of lower quality than SRs led by authors affiliated with hospitals or clinical facilities. CONCLUSION Recent Chinese language CHM SRs exhibited limited methodological quality, making them unlikely to support the development of clinical practice guidelines. Urgent initiatives are needed to enhance training for researchers, peer-reviewers and editors involved in the preparation and publication of SRs. Adoption of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines in Chinese language journals is crucial to improve the relevance of SRs for Chinese medicine development. Addressing deficiencies in methodology and reporting is essential for promoting evidence-based practices and informed clinical decisions in Chinese medicine. Please cite this article as: Jiang Y, Zhong CC, Wang BH, Xu SS, Ho FF, Kwong MH, Ho L, Zhou JHS, Lam KC, Liu JP, Zhang BT, Chung VCH. Methodological quality of systematic reviews on orally administered Chinese herbal medicine published in Chinese between 2021 and 2022: A cross-sectional study. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):492-501.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Systematic Reviews as Topic/standards* ; Humans ; China ; Administration, Oral ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional