Objective To evaluate the prevention and control effectiveness of four major chronic diseases in Youyang County, and find the weak link of prevention and control, and to provide theoretical support for improving prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the death data of permanent residents from 2012 to 2020 extracted from the cause-of-death registration and reporting system of Youyang County, a statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS19.0. The annual percentage change (APC) was tested by t-test. Results From 2012 to 2020, the mortality rate of and the standardized mortality rate of the four major chronic diseases and the premature mortality rate of diabetes in males showed an increasing trend (APC was 3.05%, 1.82% and 27.12%, respectively, P < 0.05). The mortality rate of the four chronic diseases in females increased (APC was 2.53%, P < 0.05), while the proportion of premature death of the four chronic diseases and the probability of premature death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in females decreased (APC was -2.37%, -5.73%, P < 0.05). The standardized mortality rate and premature death rate of the four major chronic diseases were higher in males than those in females. The mortality rate of the four major chronic diseases and the premature death rate of diabetes in the whole population were on the rise (APC was 2.84% and 12.86%, P < 0.05). It was expected that the early death probability of the four major chronic diseases in Youyang County would be 12.65% in 2030, higher than the target value of 12.59% of ^“Healthy China 2030^”. Conclusion The future focus of Youyang County is to prevent and control malignant tumors and diabetes, especially to strengthen the prevention and control of male diabetes.

The C 2-C 7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) is an essential biomechanical parameter for evaluating cervical spine alignment, and it is integral to the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cervical spine disorders. This parameter is widely used in evaluating cervical sagittal balance and functional status. Internationally, a C 2-C 7 SVA of less than 25 mm is considered within the cervical range for sagittal balance, while values exceeding 40 mm indicate cervical sagittal imbalance or deformity. An increased C 2-C 7 SVA disrupts cervical spine biomechanics, leading to heightened static and dynamic loads on the cervical musculature. This, in turn, results in muscle fatigue and discomfort. In the short term, patients may experience axial neck symptoms, while a sustained elevation in SVA over time significantly raises the risk of cervical disc degeneration, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Additionally, a higher C 2-C 7 SVA postoperatively places excessive stress on adjacent spinal segments, which can accelerate degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints, contributing to adjacent segment degeneration. Both short-term and long-term postoperative evaluations have shown that an increase in C 2-C 7 SVA is typically associated with poorer surgical outcomes, whereas effective control of SVA values is closely linked to better functional recovery. Therefore, in clinical practice, maintaining C 2-C 7 SVA within the normal range (<25 mm) is critical not only for optimizing treatment results but also for significantly reducing postoperative complications and improving overall patient quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: Varied acupoint selections represent a potential cause of the uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Skin temperature, a guiding factor for acupoint selection, may help to address this issue. This study explored thermal sensitization of acupoints used for the treatment of knee OA. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study enrolled cases aged 45-75 years with symptomatic knee OA and age- and gender-matched non-knee OA controls in a 1:1 ratio. All participants underwent infrared thermographic imaging. The primary outcome was the relative skin temperature of acupoint (STA), and the secondary outcome was the absolute STA of 11 acupoints. The Z test was used to compare the relative and absolute STAs between the groups. Principal component analysis was used to extract the common factors (CFs, acupoint cluster) in the STAs. A general linear model was used to identify factors affecting the STA in the knee OA cases. For the group comparisons of relative STA, P < 0.0045 (adjusted for 11 acupoints through Bonferroni correction) was considered to indicate statistical significance. For other analyses, P < 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance. RESULTS: The analysis included 308 participants, consisting of 151 cases (mean age: [64.58 ± 6.67] years; male: 25.83%; mean body mass index: [25.70 ± 3.16] kg/m²) and 157 controls (mean age: [63.37 ± 5.96] years; male: 26.11%; mean body mass index: [24.47 ± 2.84] kg/m²). The relative STAs of ST34 (P = 0.0001), EX-LE2 (P < 0.0001), EX-LE5 (P = 0.0006), SP10 (P < 0.0001), BL40 (P = 0.0012) and GB39 (P = 0.0037) were higher in the knee OA group. No difference was found in the STAs of ST35, ST36, SP9, GB33 and GB34. Four CFs were identified for relative STA in both groups. The acupoints within each CF were consistent between the groups. The mean values of the relative STAs across each CF were higher in the knee OA group. In the knee OA cases, no factors were observed to affect the relative STA, while age and gender were found to affect the absolute STA. CONCLUSION Among patients with knee OA, thermal sensitization occurs in the acupoints of the lower extremity, exhibiting localized and regional thermal consistencies. The thermally sensitized acupoints that we identified in this study, ST34, SP10, EX-LE2, EX-LE5, GB39 and BL40, may be good choices for the acupuncture treatment of knee OA. Please cite this article as: Tu JF, Wang XZ, Yan SY, Wang YR, Yang JW, Shi GX, Zhang WZ, Jing LN, Yang LS, Liu DH, Wang LQ, Mi BH. Thermal sensitization of acupoints in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional case-control study. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(3): 289-296.
Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology* ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Acupuncture Points ; Case-Control Studies ; Aged ; Skin Temperature ; Acupuncture Therapy

The C 2-C 7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) is an essential biomechanical parameter for evaluating cervical spine alignment, and it is integral to the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cervical spine disorders. This parameter is widely used in evaluating cervical sagittal balance and functional status. Internationally, a C 2-C 7 SVA of less than 25 mm is considered within the cervical range for sagittal balance, while values exceeding 40 mm indicate cervical sagittal imbalance or deformity. An increased C 2-C 7 SVA disrupts cervical spine biomechanics, leading to heightened static and dynamic loads on the cervical musculature. This, in turn, results in muscle fatigue and discomfort. In the short term, patients may experience axial neck symptoms, while a sustained elevation in SVA over time significantly raises the risk of cervical disc degeneration, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Additionally, a higher C 2-C 7 SVA postoperatively places excessive stress on adjacent spinal segments, which can accelerate degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints, contributing to adjacent segment degeneration. Both short-term and long-term postoperative evaluations have shown that an increase in C 2-C 7 SVA is typically associated with poorer surgical outcomes, whereas effective control of SVA values is closely linked to better functional recovery. Therefore, in clinical practice, maintaining C 2-C 7 SVA within the normal range (<25 mm) is critical not only for optimizing treatment results but also for significantly reducing postoperative complications and improving overall patient quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated screw (CS) in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in adults during perioperative and conjunctional periods. Methods By searching CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, relevant literatures on the efficacy comparison of the two internal fixation regimens were collected. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the literature finally included in the study. Results A total of 24 retrospective cohort studies were included in this study, with a total of 1 661 participants, including 783 participants in the FNS group (FNS treatment) and 878 participants in the CS group (CS treatment). In the FNS group, intraoperative fluoroscopy times (MD=-9.69, 95%CI, -11.27 to -8.11, P < 0.01), complete weight-bearing time (MD=-1.69, 95%CI, -2.88 to -0.50, P < 0.01), fracture healing time (MD=-1.15, 95%CI, -1.57 to -0.73, P < 0.01), Harris score at last follow-up (MD=-1.5, 95%CI, 2.30 to 4.59, P < 0.01) and femoral head necrosis rate (OR=0.48, 95%CI, 0.26 to 0.91, P=0.02) were superior in the CS group; however, intraoperative blood loss (MD=17.72, 95%CI, 9.88 to 25.55, P < 0.01) and incision length (MD=0.39, 95%CI, 0.04 to 0.73, P=0.03) in the FNS group were higher than those in the CS group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operation time (MD=-3.78, 95%CI, -7.95 to 0.39, P=0.08) and total hospitalization days (RR=-0.14, 95%CI, -0.43 to 0.14, P=0.32). Conclusion FNS in the treatment of adult femoral neck fractures has the advantages of less intraoperative fluoroscopy, earlier complete weight-bearing time, faster fracture healing and higher hip Harris score, but compared with CS, it has more intraoperative blood loss and larger incision area.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of T helper cell 9 (Th9) and its cytokine interleukin 9(IL-9) in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL). METHODS: A total of 43 newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the case group. The patients were divided into Binet A group (13 cases), Binet B group (20 cases) and Binet C group (10 cases) by Binet staging system, and 20 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinationin in our hospital in the same period served as control group. The proportion of Th9 cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, the expression level of Th9 specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 was detected by Western blot, and the expression level of serum cytokine IL-9 was detected by ELISA. The proportion of Th9, the expression of PU.1, IRF4 and IL-9 in each group were compared, and the correlation between the proportion of Th9, IL-9 and clinicopathological indexes of CLL patients was analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of Th9, the expression of PU.1, IRF4 and IL-9 in CLL group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), the proportion of Th9 and the expression of IL-9 in Binet B and C group were higher than those in Binet A group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of Th9 cells between Binet B group and C group (P>0.05). The expression of IL-9 in Binet C group was significantly higher than that in Binet B group (P<0.05) . The proportion of Th9 cells and IL-9 were highly expression in patients with β2 microglobulin abnormality, IGHV unmutation, P53 abnormality and hepatosplenic lymph node enlargement(P<0.05), but not related to age and sex (P>0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the proportion of Th9 in patients with CLL was negatively correlated with the lymphocytic account and lymphocyte proportion(r_s=-0.32，r_s=-0.34). The proportion of Th9 and IL-9 were positively correlated with Binet stage, Rai stage and CLL-IPI Scoring (r_s=0.79，r_s=0.54，r_s=0.58； r_s=0.72，r_s=0.63，r_s=0.45), but not with WBC, CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺T cells (P>0.05). The proportion of Th9 was positively correlated with IL-9 (r_s=0.53). CONCLUSION Th9 cells and IL-9 are abnormally highly expressed in CLL, which is related to the poor prognosis of CLL.
Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics* ; Interleukin-9 ; Clinical Relevance ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology* ; Cytokines

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes， and its pathogenesis is complex. Its high morbidity can result in disability， teratogenesis， and death in diabetic patients. At present， the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy has not been clearly elucidated， which may be related to oxidative stress， inflammatory response， microcirculation dysfunction， metabolic abnormalities， etc. Recent studies have found that apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The three pathways， i.e.， mitochondrial pathway， death receptor pathway， and endoplasmic reticulum pathway， jointly regulate the cell apoptosis in the body. Traditional Chinese medicine， with definite efficacies in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy， is advantageous in overall regulation and multi-target and multi-pathway treatment. As reported， the active ingredients in Chinese medicine and Chinese medicinal compounds can alleviate diabetic peripheral neuropathy by regulating apoptosis signaling pathways. Furthermore， apoptosis pathways are expected to be potential targets for new drugs against diabetic peripheral neuropathy following oxidative stress. Therefore， this paper， taking apoptosis as the entry point， reviewed the research progress on TCM intervention in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in recent years to provide references for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the development of new drugs.

Objective To investigate the effects of mercury on T lymphocytes and serum immune indexes of workers with Methods occupational mercury exposure. A total of 45 workers with occupational mercury exposure were selected as the ， mercury exposure group and 47 workers without occupational mercury exposure were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Cold atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the urinary mercury level of the two groups. （ ） +， + +， + + - + Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of cluster of differentiation CD 3 CD3CD4 CD3CD8 and CD3CD19 ， - （ - ） - （ - ） cells in peripheral blood and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α TNF α and interleukin 8 IL 8 in serum. The levels of （ ） ， Results immunoglobulin Ig A IgG and IgM in serum were measured by immune nephelometry. The urinary mercury level of （ ： vs ，P ） individuals in the mercury exposed group was higher than that of the control group median 92.7 13.2 μg/g Cr <0.01 . The +， + +， - + proportion of CD3 CD3CD4 CD3CD19 cells in peripheral blood and serum IgG level in the mercury exposed group （ P ）， - - （ P ） decreased all <0.05 and the serum TNF α and IL 8 levels increased all <0.01 compared with the control group. Urinary - + mercury level was negatively correlated with the proportion of CD3CD19 cells in peripheral blood and serum IgG level in the ［ （r） ， ， P ］， study subjects Spearman correlation coefficient S were −0.21 and −0.31 respectively all <0.05 and positively - - （r ， ， P ） ， correlated with serum TNF α and IL 8 levels S were 0.36 and 0.39 respectively all <0.05 . However the urinary mercury （ P ）， +， + +， level was neither correlated with IgA and IgM levels in serum all >0.05 nor with the proportion of CD3 CD3CD4 + + （ P ） Conclusion CD3CD8 cells in peripheral blood all >0.05 . Occupational exposure to mercury can lead to abnormal ， changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets B lymphocytes and serum immune factors in workers. The mercury load of occupational mercury exposure workers may impact their immune function.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of different modes of ankle pump exercise on femoral vein peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheter-related thrombosis in patients with lung cancer.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, 96 cases of lung cancer patients with femoral vein PICC catheterization admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2019 to October 2020 were set as the control group and 97 cases of lung cancer patients with femoral vein PICC cannula from October 2020 to October 2021 were set as the observation group. They adopted the comfort angle ankle pump exercise and the maximum angle ankle pump exercise mode, respectively. The differences in the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis, the incidence of unplanned extubation, fatigue score and catheter indwelling time were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of catheter-related thrombosis and unplanned extubation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The fatigue score and catheter indwelling time of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The maximum angle ankle pump motion mode can reduce the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis and unplanned extubation of femoral vein PICC catheterization in patients with lung cancer and improve the catheter indwelling time, but it is easy to cause patient fatigue, so clinical promotion and use should consider the patients' tolerance.

Objective: To evaluate the model with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and traditional indicators. Method: The forty rats were divided into blank group and model group, with 20 rats in each group. The rats in the blank group were fed with normal feed, the rats in model group were prepared with the spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy model for 14 days. Observe the general condition of the rats, measure the water content of the feces in the dry method, measure the water load index by weighing method, and detect the urinary D-xylose excretion total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) content, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis of renal aquaporin 1 (AQP1) content, and the use of experimental animal body composition analyzer to determine the total water content (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), intracellular fluid (ICF), fat mass (FM), free fat mass (FFM) and body mass bioelectrical impedance index such as body mass index (BMI). Result: Compared with blank group, the rats in model group lost weight, gradually loose stools occasionally, the anus temperature was basically unchanged, body mass, D-xylose excretion, water load index, TP and Alb content decreased (P<0.01). The feces contained water,the rate and the content of AQP1 in the renal pulp were increased (P<0.01). The TBW, ECF and FFM were increased, and the ICF, FM and BMI were decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Rats with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy induced a combination of factors such as diet and excessive fatigue. The bioelectrical impedance method can be more intuitive and comprehensive.