Purpose: We present a case of Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema (UGH) syndrome secondary to intraocular lens (IOL) subluxation and associated Soemmering ring.Case summary: A 56-year-old female presented with recurrent episodes of right eye uveitis, vitritis, and vitreous hemorrhage, along with progressive vision loss that had not responded to treatment at a private clinic. On examination, her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.4, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated at 34 mmHg. Slit-lamp and fundoscopic evaluation revealed a subluxated IOL and an adjacent Soemmering ring in contact with the iris, accompanied by anterior chamber inflammatory cells, hyphema, and vitreous hemorrhage. A diagnosis of UGH syndrome secondary to IOL subluxation was made. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the removal of the subluxated IOL and Soemmering ring, followed by scleral fixation of a new IOL using the Yamane technique. Postoperative recovery was favorable, with resolution of anterior chamber inflammation. At follow-up, BCVA had improved to 1.0, and IOP had normalized to 14 mmHg without the need for antiglaucoma medications. Conclusions UGH syndrome resulting from IOL subluxation and a Soemmering ring can be managed effectively via timely surgical intervention, restoring visual acuity and normalizing IOP.

Purpose: To report a case of sequential hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) opacification in both eyes following Ahmed valve implantation in a patient with neovascular glaucoma secondary to diabetes.Case summary: A 59-year-old man was referred to our clinic with ocular pain and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) three months after undergoing bilateral cataract surgery with hydrophilic acrylic IOL implantation. Examination revealed bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascularization of the iris and anterior chamber angle. The IOP measured 24 mmHg in the right eye and 57 mmHg in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma secondary to diabetes. Due to uncontrolled IOP, Ahmed valve implantation was initially performed in the left eye. Two years later, the patient experienced decreased visual acuity in the left eye, and a round central opacification of the IOL optic was noted. The opacified IOL was explanted, and a new IOL was implanted with scleral fixation. During follow-up, Ahmed valve implantation was also required in the right eye due to progression of neovascular glaucoma. Two years postoperatively, similar pattern of IOL opacification was observed in the right eye, necessitating the same surgical management. Conclusions Hydrophilic acrylic IOL opacification may occur following Ahmed valve implantation, and is potentially related to altered aqueous humor dynamics, pH changes, and chronic inflammatory responses.

Purpose: We evaluated the treatment outcomes of intravitreal 0.625% povidone-iodine (PI) injection in patients with exogenous and endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 21 patients (23 eyes) who received intravitreal 0.625% PI injections for endophthalmitis between March 2021 and December 2023. Results: Of the 21 patients, 19 (19 eyes) had exogenous endophthalmitis, with the most common etiology being post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis in 14 eyes (58.3%). The mean number of intravitreal PI injections administered was 1.6 ± 0.7. The mean time to hypopyon resolution was 2.5 ± 2.1 days. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was required in 16 eyes (84.2%), with an average of 1.1 ± 0.5 surgical interventions. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR) improved significantly from 2.06 ± 0.52 before treatment to 1.00 ± 0.96 after treatment (p < 0.001). Four eyes of two patients with endogenous endophthalmitis received a mean of 2.5 ± 1.0 intravitreal PI injections (range: 2-4). Clinical improvement was observed in all cases. Conclusions Intravitreal 0.625% PI injection appears to be a potentially effective alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of endophthalmitis.

Background: Renal function declines with age as the kidneys become more vulnerable to inflammation and cellular senescence. This study examined gene expression changes linked to renal aging and assessed whether short-term calorie restriction (CR), a known anti-aging intervention, could reverse these alterations. Methods: Using RNA-seq data, we applied bioinformatics, systems biology, and molecular biology approaches to identify differentially expressed genes during aging and under CR. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses revealed that both aging and CR altered the expression of key senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes, including cytokines and chemokines (Il1b, Ccl3, Ccl5, Il19, and Il24) and growth factors (Timp1 and Mmp12). Results: Renal aging is also associated with an increased expression of cell cycle arrest markers (p15INK4B (Cdkn2b), p16INK4A (Cdkn2a), and p21 (Cdkn1a)), which are suppressed by CR, suggesting a link to cellular senescence. Quantitative analysis of renal tissue samples confirmed the age-associated upregulation of these genes at the transcriptional level, and CR effectively attenuated these changes. Among these genes, we focused on the members of the interleukin 20 (IL-20) family, particularly Il19 and Il24. Furthermore, experimental induction of cellular senescence using H2O2 resulted in elevated Il19 and Il24 expression alongside other senescence markers. These findings suggest that aging and short-term CR regulate the IL-20 family expression, potentially influencing cellular senescence. Conclusion Our study suggests that Il19 and Il24 are associated with age-related renal decline and may represent hypothesis-generating candidates, highlighting potential molecular targets for future mechanistic and therapeutic investigations.

Purpose: To report a case of macular serous retinal detachment and macular thinning associated with optic disc pit maculopathy successfully treated with vitrectomy, fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and inverted ILM flap technique.Case summary: A 27-year-old male patient presented with a 1-month history of decreased right eye vision. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.025 at initial visit. Fundus examination revealed an oval, deep-seated defect in the inferotemporal portion of the optic nerve and a chorioretinal coloboma located inferior to the optic nerve with a one-third disc diameter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed severe macular serous detachment and central foveal thinning. Surgical treatment comprised vitrectomy, ILM peeling preserving an amount of ILM equivalent to the diameter of one disc in the central fovea and covering the optic disc pit with an inverted ILM flap from its nasal portion. The flap was fixed with a dispersible viscoelastic material and intravitreal 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. The patient was maintained in a facedown position for 3 days postoperatively. After 15 months, the best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye improved to 0.63. Repeat OCT revealed resolution of retinoschisis and serous retinal detachment, with the ILM flap effectively covering the optic disc pit. Conclusions Fovea-sparing ILM peeling with an inverted ILM flap on the nasal side over the optic disc pit in patients with thin inner retinal layers and excessive serous retinal detachment effectively prevent the occurrence of macular holes and treat optic disc pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of macular serous retinal detachment and macular thinning associated with optic disc pit maculopathy successfully treated with vitrectomy, fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and inverted ILM flap technique.Case summary: A 27-year-old male patient presented with a 1-month history of decreased right eye vision. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.025 at initial visit. Fundus examination revealed an oval, deep-seated defect in the inferotemporal portion of the optic nerve and a chorioretinal coloboma located inferior to the optic nerve with a one-third disc diameter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed severe macular serous detachment and central foveal thinning. Surgical treatment comprised vitrectomy, ILM peeling preserving an amount of ILM equivalent to the diameter of one disc in the central fovea and covering the optic disc pit with an inverted ILM flap from its nasal portion. The flap was fixed with a dispersible viscoelastic material and intravitreal 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. The patient was maintained in a facedown position for 3 days postoperatively. After 15 months, the best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye improved to 0.63. Repeat OCT revealed resolution of retinoschisis and serous retinal detachment, with the ILM flap effectively covering the optic disc pit. Conclusions Fovea-sparing ILM peeling with an inverted ILM flap on the nasal side over the optic disc pit in patients with thin inner retinal layers and excessive serous retinal detachment effectively prevent the occurrence of macular holes and treat optic disc pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of macular serous retinal detachment and macular thinning associated with optic disc pit maculopathy successfully treated with vitrectomy, fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and inverted ILM flap technique.Case summary: A 27-year-old male patient presented with a 1-month history of decreased right eye vision. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.025 at initial visit. Fundus examination revealed an oval, deep-seated defect in the inferotemporal portion of the optic nerve and a chorioretinal coloboma located inferior to the optic nerve with a one-third disc diameter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed severe macular serous detachment and central foveal thinning. Surgical treatment comprised vitrectomy, ILM peeling preserving an amount of ILM equivalent to the diameter of one disc in the central fovea and covering the optic disc pit with an inverted ILM flap from its nasal portion. The flap was fixed with a dispersible viscoelastic material and intravitreal 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. The patient was maintained in a facedown position for 3 days postoperatively. After 15 months, the best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye improved to 0.63. Repeat OCT revealed resolution of retinoschisis and serous retinal detachment, with the ILM flap effectively covering the optic disc pit. Conclusions Fovea-sparing ILM peeling with an inverted ILM flap on the nasal side over the optic disc pit in patients with thin inner retinal layers and excessive serous retinal detachment effectively prevent the occurrence of macular holes and treat optic disc pit maculopathy.

Although preoxygenation is an essential procedure for safe endotracheal intubation, in some cases securing sufficient time for tracheal intubation may not be possible. Patients with head and neck cancer might have a difficult airway and need a longer time for endotracheal intubation. We hypothesized that the extended apneic period with preoxygenation via a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is beneficial to patients who undergo head and neck surgery compared with preoxygenation with a simple mask. Methods: The study was conducted as a single-center, single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into groups based on one of the two preoxygenation methods: HFNC group or simple facemask (mask group). Preoxygenation was performed for 5 minutes with each method, and endotracheal intubation for all patients was performed using a video laryngoscope. Oxygen partial pressures of the arterial blood were compared at the predefined time points. Results: For the primary outcome, the mean arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) immediately after intubation was 454.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 416.9–491.5 mm Hg) in the HFNC group and 370.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 333.7–407.4 mm Hg) in the mask group (P=0.002). The peak PaO2 at 5 minutes after preoxygenation was not statistically different between the groups (P=0.355). Conclusions: Preoxygenation with a HFNC extending to the apneic period before endotracheal intubation may be beneficial in patients with head and neck cancer.

Although preoxygenation is an essential procedure for safe endotracheal intubation, in some cases securing sufficient time for tracheal intubation may not be possible. Patients with head and neck cancer might have a difficult airway and need a longer time for endotracheal intubation. We hypothesized that the extended apneic period with preoxygenation via a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is beneficial to patients who undergo head and neck surgery compared with preoxygenation with a simple mask. Methods: The study was conducted as a single-center, single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into groups based on one of the two preoxygenation methods: HFNC group or simple facemask (mask group). Preoxygenation was performed for 5 minutes with each method, and endotracheal intubation for all patients was performed using a video laryngoscope. Oxygen partial pressures of the arterial blood were compared at the predefined time points. Results: For the primary outcome, the mean arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) immediately after intubation was 454.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 416.9–491.5 mm Hg) in the HFNC group and 370.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 333.7–407.4 mm Hg) in the mask group (P=0.002). The peak PaO2 at 5 minutes after preoxygenation was not statistically different between the groups (P=0.355). Conclusions: Preoxygenation with a HFNC extending to the apneic period before endotracheal intubation may be beneficial in patients with head and neck cancer.

Although preoxygenation is an essential procedure for safe endotracheal intubation, in some cases securing sufficient time for tracheal intubation may not be possible. Patients with head and neck cancer might have a difficult airway and need a longer time for endotracheal intubation. We hypothesized that the extended apneic period with preoxygenation via a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is beneficial to patients who undergo head and neck surgery compared with preoxygenation with a simple mask. Methods: The study was conducted as a single-center, single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into groups based on one of the two preoxygenation methods: HFNC group or simple facemask (mask group). Preoxygenation was performed for 5 minutes with each method, and endotracheal intubation for all patients was performed using a video laryngoscope. Oxygen partial pressures of the arterial blood were compared at the predefined time points. Results: For the primary outcome, the mean arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) immediately after intubation was 454.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 416.9–491.5 mm Hg) in the HFNC group and 370.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 333.7–407.4 mm Hg) in the mask group (P=0.002). The peak PaO2 at 5 minutes after preoxygenation was not statistically different between the groups (P=0.355). Conclusions: Preoxygenation with a HFNC extending to the apneic period before endotracheal intubation may be beneficial in patients with head and neck cancer.