Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms originating from neural tissues that rarely transform into malignancies. Approximately 25% to 45% of neurofibromas are located in the head and neck; the most common sites are the lateral cervical region and mouth. A 27-year-old female patient visited our hospital complaining of a painful brownish mass in the right elbow that had recently increased in size. She had no history of cancer and was otherwise in excellent health. This mass accounted for 80% of the total elbow circumference. Genetic mutation testing resulted in a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. A wide surgical excision was performed, and the area was repaired using a bilateral large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flap. The flap survived well, with no partial necrosis. Histological findings showed a plexiform neurofibroma measuring 14×12×1.5 cm3. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful; at an 18-month follow-up, she had good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no signs of relapse.

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.

Neutralizing antibodies play a critical role in blocking viral infections and in viral clearance during acute infection. The microneutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting the receptor binding domain were performed for 30 patients with mild coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 infections. The elapsed number of days between sample collection and diagnosis was 115 days, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values at diagnosis were recorded. Clinical characteristics and Ct values were compared between neutralization antibody-positive and -negative patients as measured by the microneutralization assay. Neutralization antibody-positive patients (n = 9) were likely to be older, have low Ct values, have more pneumonia during admission, and have a higher optical density in ELISA than the neutralization antibody-negative patients (n = 21). Elderly people seemed to have a higher viral load causing more pneumonia and to produce more neutralization antibodies. Neutralization antibodies persisted in only 30% of patients as detected by microneutralization test after 100 days of diagnosis.