Purpose: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) serve as a foundation for nutrition policy, nutrition education, and dietary intake evaluation among healthy Koreans.The KDRIs are revised every five years to ensure that the guidelines are based on a robust and up-to-date scientific foundation. For the 2025 KDRIs for calcium, the 2020 KDRIs were revisited, and references were critically evaluated. Methods: All references cited in the 2020 KDRIs were extracted, reviewed, and organized according to the framework for the estimated average requirement (EAR). Each reference was evaluated based on the participant characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, and health status, as well as study design, exposure, and outcomes. In addition, calculations for the EAR and Recommended Nutritient Intakes were re-examined for each sex and age group and compared with the current literature. Results: Major revisions in the 2025 KDRIs were driven by updates in the reference bodyweight, improved consistency in rounding and coefficients of variation, inclusion of studies in East Asian populations, and clarification of the use of calcium balance studies.Nevertheless, further studies in Koreans, particularly in pregnant and lactating women, are needed to strengthen the scientific evidence for the calcium DRI. Conclusion The 2025 KDRIs for calcium were revised to be based on more robust logical reasoning and calculation methods. Future research conducted on Korean populations is necessary to define the calcium requirements for Koreans more accurately.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of a clinical nurse educator (CNE)-led training program for newly graduated nurses on individual and organizational outcomes using Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model. Methods: A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 367 new nurses from a tertiary hospital in Korea participated, including 186 in the control group (traditional training, 2022 cohort) and 181 in the experimental group (CNE-led training, 2023 cohort). Data were obtained from institutional records. Outcomes included educational satisfaction, clinical knowledge scores, discontinuation of the nurse residency program (NRP) before independent practice, patient safety incident reports, and one-year personnel turnover. Results: Clinical knowledge scores improved significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group (p=.021). The one-year personnel turnover rate decreased significantly from 27.4% to 18.8% (p=.043). Although educational satisfaction and NRP discontinuation rates improved, the differences were not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in patient safety incident reports. Conclusion The CNE-led training program effectively enhanced clinical competence and reduced early personnel turnover. These findings underscore the importance of structured onboarding programs in promoting early clinical adaptation and strengthening organizational retention.

Peritoneal leiomyomas are extremely rare. Most reported cases are that of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, making isolated leiomyoma an uncommon occurrence. Given that isolated leiomyoma is rare, the preoperative diagnosis of isolated leiomyoma is challenging. To date, very few reports have described the radiological findings of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma. This study aimed to present a rare case of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma in the perihepatic region of a 54-year-old female, and present the US, CT, and MRI based radiological findings of the case.

Splenic duplication, also known as polysplenia syndrome, is a condition occasionally observed in which the spleen is divided into segments of similar size. However, gastric fundic varices arising from a duplicated spleen are exceedingly rare, and this medical anomaly has been infrequently reported in the literature. This case report presents a 40-year-old male with a rare instance of gastric fundic varices secondary to splenic duplication. Comprehensive imaging studies, including endoscopy, CT, Doppler US, and radioisotope splenic scans, were performed to confirm the diagnosis. This case contributes to valuable information in the medical literature, shedding light on a seldom-discussed condition.

Peritoneal leiomyomas are extremely rare. Most reported cases are that of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, making isolated leiomyoma an uncommon occurrence. Given that isolated leiomyoma is rare, the preoperative diagnosis of isolated leiomyoma is challenging. To date, very few reports have described the radiological findings of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma. This study aimed to present a rare case of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma in the perihepatic region of a 54-year-old female, and present the US, CT, and MRI based radiological findings of the case.

Splenic duplication, also known as polysplenia syndrome, is a condition occasionally observed in which the spleen is divided into segments of similar size. However, gastric fundic varices arising from a duplicated spleen are exceedingly rare, and this medical anomaly has been infrequently reported in the literature. This case report presents a 40-year-old male with a rare instance of gastric fundic varices secondary to splenic duplication. Comprehensive imaging studies, including endoscopy, CT, Doppler US, and radioisotope splenic scans, were performed to confirm the diagnosis. This case contributes to valuable information in the medical literature, shedding light on a seldom-discussed condition.

Peritoneal leiomyomas are extremely rare. Most reported cases are that of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, making isolated leiomyoma an uncommon occurrence. Given that isolated leiomyoma is rare, the preoperative diagnosis of isolated leiomyoma is challenging. To date, very few reports have described the radiological findings of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma. This study aimed to present a rare case of isolated peritoneal leiomyoma in the perihepatic region of a 54-year-old female, and present the US, CT, and MRI based radiological findings of the case.

Splenic duplication, also known as polysplenia syndrome, is a condition occasionally observed in which the spleen is divided into segments of similar size. However, gastric fundic varices arising from a duplicated spleen are exceedingly rare, and this medical anomaly has been infrequently reported in the literature. This case report presents a 40-year-old male with a rare instance of gastric fundic varices secondary to splenic duplication. Comprehensive imaging studies, including endoscopy, CT, Doppler US, and radioisotope splenic scans, were performed to confirm the diagnosis. This case contributes to valuable information in the medical literature, shedding light on a seldom-discussed condition.

Objectives: Persons with disabilities face heightened nutritional risks due to barriers in dietary management, yet research remains limited. This study examined the nutritional health status and associated risk factors among disabled adults in Korea. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2020 Disability and Life Dynamics Panel, a nationally representative survey of registered disabled Koreans aged ≥ 20 years. Nutritional health was assessed using the Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist and categorized as low, moderate, or high risk. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of nutritional risk. Results: Among adults with disabilities aged 20–64 years, the prevalence of low, moderate, and high nutritional risk was 62.6%, 19.8%, and 17.5%, respectively. In the ≥ 65 years group, the distribution was 56.8% (low), 22.0% (moderate), and 21.2% (high). Moderate to high nutritional risk was most prevalent among individuals with facial deformity or internal organ disability (51.2%) in the 20–64 years group, and those with mental disabilities (61.7%) in the ≥ 65 years group. Significant predictors of high nutritional risk included living alone, lowest income quartile, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, and perceived underweight for both age groups. Compared with visual or speech impairments, facial deformity or internal organ disability (in the 20–64 years group) and physical disability (in the ≥ 65 years group) were significantly associated with moderate or high nutritional risk. Conclusion Nearly 40% of disabled Koreans are at nutritional risk. Tailored dietary interventions that address disability type, socioeconomic status, and health conditions are required to reduce disparities in nutritional health.