Sepsis constitutes one of the principal causes of death globally, and the mortality rate of patients complicated with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) surges by over 50%. Early identification of patients with sepsis, particularly SIC, and implementing clinical intervention are vital measures to reduce the mortality. In recent years, biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of SIC have emerged rapidly. Among classical myocardial injury biomarkers, cardiac troponin (cTn), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and soluble growth stimulation gene 2 protein (sST2) have predictive value for the prognosis of SIC. Meanwhile, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) possess relatively high value in diagnosis. Moreover, plasma metabolites, microRNA (miRNA), as well as recently identified markers related to sepsis or cardiovascular diseases also demonstrate outstanding predictive value in both the diagnosis and prognosis of SIC. For instance, exosomal miR-150-5p, blood miR-155, blood miR-378a-3p, blood miR-21-3p, blood miR-233, blood miR-23b, blood miR-135, lipocalin (LCN), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) show varying degrees of predictive value when it comes to diagnosing SIC. S100A8/A9 protein, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, angiotensinogen II (Ang II) and lactoferrin are correlated with the prognosis of SIC. Meanwhile, it has been discovered that the combination of multiple biomarkers outperforms a single biomarker, and certain combinations exhibit superior diagnostic performance. However, most of these studies use single-center clinical data, which has certain limitations and still calls for more high-quality evidence support. Therefore, identifying biomarker combinations that are supported by high-quality evidence, have bedside application potential, and possess high sensitivity and specificity is of crucial importance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SIC. This review is carried out on the current articles that report biomarkers with predictive value and the diagnosis and prediction of multiple biomarkers in combination, in the hope of continuously optimizing the diagnostic strategy for the specific identification of early SIC.
Humans ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Cardiomyopathies/etiology* ; Sepsis/diagnosis* ; MicroRNAs/blood* ; Prognosis ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/blood*

Objective: To investigate the changes of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in sepsis patients and its early predictive value for secondary acute kidney injury (AKI) in such patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. From June 2019 to June 2021, 232 sepsis patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, including 126 males and 106 females, aged 24 to 71 years. According to whether complicating secondary AKI, the patients were divided into non-AKI group (n=158) and AKI group (n=74). Data of patients between the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed with independent sample t test or chi-square test, including the sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission, and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C measured at diagnosis of sepsis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups to screen the independent risk factors for developing secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients, and the joint prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the independent risk factors and the joint prediction model predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal threshold, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were calculated. The quality of the above-mentioned AUC was compared by Delong test, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were compared using chi-square test. Results: The sex, age, BMI, body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, and CRP level of patients between the two groups were similar (P>0.05). The procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and scores of APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA of patients in AKI group were all significantly higher than those in non-AKI group (with t values of -3.21, -16.14, -12.75, -11.13, and -12.88 respectively, P<0.01), while the HDL-C level of patients in AKI group was significantly lower than that in non-AKI group (t=6.33, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C were the independent risk factors for secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients (with odds ratios of 2.45, 1.68, and 2.12, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.38-15.35, 1.06-3.86, and 0.86-2.56, respectively, P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC curves of creatinine, cystatin C, HDL-C, and the joint prediction model for predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were 0.69, 0.79, 0.89, and 0.93, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.61-0.76, 0.72-0.85, 0.84-0.92, and 0.89-0.96, respectively, P values all below 0.01); the optimal threshold were 389.53 μmol/L, 1.56 mg/L, 0.63 mmol/L, and 0.48, respectively; the sensitivity under the optimal threshold were 76.6%, 81.4%, 89.7%, and 95.5%, respectively; the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 78.6%, 86.7%, 88.6%, and 96.6%, respectively. The AUC quality of cystatin C was significantly better than that of creatinine (z=2.34, P<0.05), the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of HDL-C were all significantly better than those of cystatin C (z=3.33, with χ² values of 6.43 and 7.87, respectively, P<0.01) and creatinine (z=5.34, with χ² values of 6.32 and 6.41, respectively, P<0.01); the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of the joint prediction model were all significantly better than those of creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C (with z values of 6.18, 4.50, and 2.06, respectively, χ² values of 5.31, 7.23, 3.99, 6.56, 7.34, and 4.00, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: HDL-C level in sepsis patients with secondary AKI is significantly lower than that in patients without secondary AKI. This is an independent risk factor for secondary AKI in sepsis patients with a diagnostic value being superior to that of creatinine and cystatin C. The combination of the aforementioned three indicators would have higher predicative valuable for secondary AKI in sepsis patients.
Acute Kidney Injury/etiology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis/diagnosis* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Urosepsis in adults comprises approximately 25% of all sepsis cases, and is due to complicated urinary tract infections in most cases. However, its mechanism is not fully clarified. Urosepsis is a very complicated disease with no effective strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify possible target-related proteins involved in urosepsis using proteomics and establish possible networks using bioinformatics. METHODS: Fifty patients admitted to the Urology Unit of Lanzhou General PLA (Lanzhou, China), from October 2012 to October 2015, were enrolled in this study. The patients were further divided into shock and matched-pair non-shock groups. 2-DE technique, mass spectrometry and database search were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in serum from the two groups. RESULTS: Six proteins were found at higher levels in the shock group compared with non-shock individuals, including serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1), apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), ceruloplasmin (CP), haptoglobin (HP), antithrombin-III (SERPINC1) and prothrombin (F2), while three proteins showed lower levels, including serotransferrin (TF), transthyretin (TTR) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). CONCLUSION Nine proteins were differentially expressed between uroseptic patients (non-shock groups) and severe uroseptic patients (shock groups), compared with non-shock groups, serum SAA1, APOL1,CP, HP, SERPINC1and F2 at higher levels, while TF, TTR and A2M at lower levels in shock groups.these proteins were mainly involved in platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, acute phase protein pathway, lipid homeostasis, and iron ion transport, deserve further research as potential candidates for early diagnosis and treatment. (The conclusion seems too simple and vague, please re-write it. You may focus at what proteins have been expressed and introduce more detail about its significance.).
Adult ; Aged ; Antithrombin III ; Apolipoprotein L1 ; blood ; Ceruloplasmin ; Female ; Haptoglobins ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prealbumin ; Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins ; Proteomics ; Prothrombin ; Sepsis ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; genetics ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Transferrin ; Urinary Tract Infections ; complications

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are at risk for critical events leading to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Coagulopathy in cirrhotic patients is complex and can lead to bleeding as well as thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate bleeding complications in critically ill patients with LC admitted to a medical ICU (MICU). METHODS: All adult patients admitted to our MICU with a diagnosis of LC from January 2006 to December 2012 were retrospectively assessed. Patients with major bleeding at the time of MICU admission were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 205 patients were included in the analysis. The median patient age was 62 years, and 69.3% of the patients were male. The most common reason for MICU admission was acute respiratory failure (45.4%), followed by sepsis (27.3%). Major bleeding occurred in 25 patients (12.2%). The gastrointestinal tract was the most common site of bleeding (64%), followed by the respiratory tract (20%). In a multivariate analysis, a low platelet count at MICU admission (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 0.99) and sepsis (OR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.04 to 67.05) were independent risk factors for major bleeding. The ICU fatality rate was significantly greater among patients with major bleeding (84.0% vs. 58.9%, respectively; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Major bleeding occurred in 12.2% of critically ill cirrhotic patients admitted to the MICU. A low platelet count at MICU admission and sepsis were associated with an increased risk of major bleeding during the MICU stay. Further study is needed to better understand hemostasis in critically ill patients with LC.
Aged ; Blood Platelets ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/blood/diagnosis/*etiology/mortality ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Liver Cirrhosis/blood/*complications/diagnosis/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/blood/diagnosis/*etiology/mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis/blood/complications ; Time Factors

Wound sepsis is one of the main causes of death in patients with severe burn and trauma. The high incidence of burn wound sepsis in children is attributed to their imperfect immune system function, poor resistance against infection, and the weakened skin barrier function after burn. The key to reduce the mortality of pediatric patients with burn wound sepsis is to enhance the understanding of its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic criteria, in order to improve its early diagnosis and treatment.
Burns ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Skin ; microbiology ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Wound Infection ; mortality ; prevention & control ; therapy

Portal vein thrombosis is an uncommon but an important cause of portal hypertension. The most common etiological factors of portal vein thrombosis are liver cirrhosis and malignancy. Albeit rare, portal vein thrombosis can also occur in the presence of local infection and inflammation such as pancreatitis or cholecystitis. A 52-year-old male was admitted because of general weakness and poor oral intake. He had an operation for colon cancer 18 months ago. However, colonic stent had to be inserted afterwards because stricture developed at anastomosis site. Computed tomography taken at admission revealed portal vein thrombosis and inflammation at colonic stent insertion site. Blood culture was positive for Escherichia coli. After antibiotic therapy, portal vein thrombosis resolved. Herein, we report a case of portal vein thrombosis with sepsis caused by inflammation at colonic stent insertion site which was successfully treated with antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholecystitis/etiology ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/*etiology ; Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Portal Vein ; Sepsis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Stents/*adverse effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis/complications/*diagnosis

Cholangitis and cholecystitis are intra-abdominal infections that show poor prognosis upon progression to sepsis and multiorgan failure. Administration of antibiotics with high antimicrobial susceptibility and removal of infected bile at the initial treatment are important. After undergoing ERCP for diagnostic purposes, a 58-year-old man developed acute cholangitis and cholecystitis accompanied by rhabdomyolysis, multi-organ failure, and severe sepsis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with bedside endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were administered, but clinical symptoms did not improve. Therefore, bedside EUS-guided transgastric gallbladder aspiration and lavage was performed, resulting in successful treatment of the patient. We report the above described case along with a discussion of relevant literature.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystitis, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Drainage ; Duodenoscopy ; Endosonography ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure/pathology ; Rhabdomyolysis/complications/diagnosis ; Sepsis/diagnosis/etiology/microbiology ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Adult ; Embolism/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/drug effects/*pathology ; Male ; Retinal Perforations/diagnosis/*etiology ; Sepsis/*complications/diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections/*complications/diagnosis ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification

Knowledge of clinical demographics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients is important but there are few prospectively collected data in Korea. The objective of the present study was to describe the current status of mechanically ventilated patients in Korea as of 2010. We analyzed the data of Korean patients (275 patients in 12 Korean intensive care units [ICU]) participating in a multinational prospective cohort study on mechanical ventilation. The most common indication for mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (23%). Pressure-limited ventilation modes were preferred over volume-cycled ventilation modes. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation was used in only seven (2%) patients as the initial ventilatory support. Median duration of mechanical ventilation was 7 days and ICU mortality was 36%. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) score at ICU admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.036; P=0.033), peak pressure (OR, 1.054; 95% CI, 1.016-1.095; P=0.006), and the number of failed organs (OR, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.634-2.781; P<0.001) were independently associated with ICU mortality. This study provides a snapshot of current practice of mechanical ventilation in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/*statistics & numerical data ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; *Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency/*diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality ; Sepsis/etiology ; Severity of Illness Index

Enbucrilate ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Embolism ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Sepsis ; chemically induced ; etiology