Blood stream infection (BSI),a blood-borne disease caused by microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses,can lead to bacteremia,sepsis,and infectious shock,posing a serious threat to human life and health.Identifying the pathogen is central to the precise treatment of BSI.Traditional blood culture is the gold standard for pathogen identification,while it has limitations in clinical practice due to the long time consumption,production of false negative results,etc.Nanopore sequencing,as a new generation of sequencing technology,can rapidly detect pathogens,drug resistance genes,and virulence genes for the optimization of clinical treatment.This paper reviews the current status of nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of BSI.
Humans ; Nanopore Sequencing ; Sepsis/diagnosis* ; Bacteremia/microbiology* ; Bacteria ; Blood Culture/methods*

Humans ; Young Adult ; Fusobacterium necrophorum ; Pharyngitis/microbiology* ; Streptococcal Infections ; Sepsis/diagnosis*

Wound sepsis is one of the main causes of death in patients with severe burn and trauma. The high incidence of burn wound sepsis in children is attributed to their imperfect immune system function, poor resistance against infection, and the weakened skin barrier function after burn. The key to reduce the mortality of pediatric patients with burn wound sepsis is to enhance the understanding of its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic criteria, in order to improve its early diagnosis and treatment.
Burns ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Skin ; microbiology ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Wound Infection ; mortality ; prevention & control ; therapy

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/metabolism ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Neisseria meningitidis/drug effects/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To realize the risk factors, clinical features, and treatments of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
 METHODS: The clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 290 patients from Hunan Children's Hospital.
 RESULTS: Of the 290 patients, less than 3 years old children were 76.6%. One hundred and nine patients had induced factors, and 177 patients had elevated white blood cell count. There were 168 patients with SSSS accompanied with fever, 34 patients accompanied with diarrhea, and 58 patients associated with septicemia. Eighty-five patients performed the bacterial cultures of the skin secretions, 21 did the throat swab, and 13 did both of the skin secretions and throat swab. Bacterial culture results showed that 119 samples were positive for Staphylococci. All patients were cured after antimicrobial therapy. The skin lesions were improved in 3.26 d. The mean hospital stay was 6.55 d. Recovery time of the body temperature was 3.48 d in average.
 CONCLUSION SSSS predominates in infants and children under 3 years old, and has tendency to combine with multi-organ symptoms. The early diagnosis and active antimicrobial treatment are the keys of successful treatments.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Skin ; microbiology ; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology

No abstract available.
Adult ; Embolism/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/drug effects/*pathology ; Male ; Retinal Perforations/diagnosis/*etiology ; Sepsis/*complications/diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections/*complications/diagnosis ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification

We describe a group of 3 cases of invasive meningococcal disease that occurred in a military training camp in April 2011. All three patients were hospitalized. Ultimately, two patients recovered and one died. One patient had meningitis, one patient had septicemia and meningitis, and the other had no definite septicemia or meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 was detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of all patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the one case of mortality, two strains were isolated from the patient's blood and CSF. Using multilocus sequence typing analysis, these strains were identified as a novel sequence type, ST-8912. Special attention is required for the meningococcal disease in military camp because the military personnels are in high risk of contact transmission.
DNA, Bacterial/blood/cerebrospinal fluid ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Military Personnel ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Young Adult

Portal vein thrombosis is an uncommon but an important cause of portal hypertension. The most common etiological factors of portal vein thrombosis are liver cirrhosis and malignancy. Albeit rare, portal vein thrombosis can also occur in the presence of local infection and inflammation such as pancreatitis or cholecystitis. A 52-year-old male was admitted because of general weakness and poor oral intake. He had an operation for colon cancer 18 months ago. However, colonic stent had to be inserted afterwards because stricture developed at anastomosis site. Computed tomography taken at admission revealed portal vein thrombosis and inflammation at colonic stent insertion site. Blood culture was positive for Escherichia coli. After antibiotic therapy, portal vein thrombosis resolved. Herein, we report a case of portal vein thrombosis with sepsis caused by inflammation at colonic stent insertion site which was successfully treated with antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholecystitis/etiology ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/*etiology ; Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Portal Vein ; Sepsis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Stents/*adverse effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis/complications/*diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical values of C-reactive protein (CRP), the percentage of neutrophils, and mean platelet volume (MPV) in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

METHODSA total of 315 neonates who were confirmed to have sepsis between January 2010 and May 2014 were divided into two groups: proven sepsis (with a positive blood culture; n=207) and clinical sepsis (with a clinical diagnosis; n=108). Within the same period, 132 hospitalized neonates with noninfectious diseases were enrolled as the control group. Serum CRP level, percentage of neutrophils, and MPV were measured. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the values of the three parameters in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

RESULTSSerum CRP level, percentage of neutrophils, and MPV were significantly higher in the two sepsis groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The optimal cut-off point of CRP for the diagnosis of sepsis was 8.5 mg/L, with the sensitivity and specificity of 74.6% and 92.0%, respectively. The optimal cut-off point of the percentage of neutrophils for the diagnosis of sepsis was 0.53, with the sensitivity and specificity of 64.4% and 83.3%, respectively. The optimal cut-off point of MPV for the diagnosis of sepsis was 11.4 fL, with the sensitivity and specificity of 40.5% and 88.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnostic accuracy of CRP for neonatal sepsis is superior to those of the percentage of neutrophils and MPV. The measurements of the percentage of neutrophils and MPV hold promise for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mean Platelet Volume ; Neutrophils ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis ; blood ; diagnosis ; microbiology

Cholangitis and cholecystitis are intra-abdominal infections that show poor prognosis upon progression to sepsis and multiorgan failure. Administration of antibiotics with high antimicrobial susceptibility and removal of infected bile at the initial treatment are important. After undergoing ERCP for diagnostic purposes, a 58-year-old man developed acute cholangitis and cholecystitis accompanied by rhabdomyolysis, multi-organ failure, and severe sepsis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with bedside endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were administered, but clinical symptoms did not improve. Therefore, bedside EUS-guided transgastric gallbladder aspiration and lavage was performed, resulting in successful treatment of the patient. We report the above described case along with a discussion of relevant literature.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystitis, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Drainage ; Duodenoscopy ; Endosonography ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure/pathology ; Rhabdomyolysis/complications/diagnosis ; Sepsis/diagnosis/etiology/microbiology ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed