Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors classified as monodermal teratomas. They usually occur in perimenopausal woman and are accompanied with mature cystic teratoma or mucinous tumors. The diagnosis may be supported by the clinical presentation of carcinoid syndromes such as flushing, diarrhea, or chronic constipation. Here, we report on the case of a 51-year-old female with surgically confirmed primary ovarian carcinoid, describe the MRI features of the tumor, and correlate them with the pathological findings.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors classified as monodermal teratomas. They usually occur in perimenopausal woman and are accompanied with mature cystic teratoma or mucinous tumors. The diagnosis may be supported by the clinical presentation of carcinoid syndromes such as flushing, diarrhea, or chronic constipation. Here, we report on the case of a 51-year-old female with surgically confirmed primary ovarian carcinoid, describe the MRI features of the tumor, and correlate them with the pathological findings.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors classified as monodermal teratomas. They usually occur in perimenopausal woman and are accompanied with mature cystic teratoma or mucinous tumors. The diagnosis may be supported by the clinical presentation of carcinoid syndromes such as flushing, diarrhea, or chronic constipation. Here, we report on the case of a 51-year-old female with surgically confirmed primary ovarian carcinoid, describe the MRI features of the tumor, and correlate them with the pathological findings.

Background: s/Aims: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is classified as the advanced stage (BCLC stage C) with extremely poor prognosis, and in current guidelines is recommended for systemic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and long-term prognosis after hepatic resection (HR) for patients who have HCC combined with PVTT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 332 patients who underwent HR for HCC with PVTT at ten tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea. Results: The median overall and recurrence-free survival after HR were 32.4 and 8.6 months, while the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 75%, 48%, and 39%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor number, tumor size, AFP, PIVKA−II, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade were significant prognostic factors. The risk scoring was developed using these seven factors–tumor, inflammation and hepatic function (TIF), to predict patient prognosis. The prognosis of the patients was well stratified according to the scores (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Conclusions HR for patients who have HCC combined with PVTT provided favorable survival outcomes. The risk scoring was useful in predicting prognosis, and determining the appropriate treatment strategy for those patients who have HCC with PVTT.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the results from an early-phase study of rivoceranib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor highly selective for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Materials and Methods: In this open-label, single-arm, dose-escalating, multicenter three-part phase 1/2a trial, patients had advanced solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy. Part 1 evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of five ascending once-daily doses of rivoceranib from 81 mg to 685 mg. Part 2 evaluated the safety and antitumor activity of once-daily rivoceranib 685 mg. Part 3 was conducted later, due to lack of maximum tolerated dose determination in part 1, to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of once-daily rivoceranib 805 mg in patients with unresectable or advanced gastric cancer. Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled in parts 1 (n=25), 2 (n=30), and 3 (n=6). In parts 1 and 2, patients were white (45.5%) or Asian (54.5%), and 65.6% were male. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were hypertension (32.7%), hyponatremia (10.9%), and hypophosphatemia (10.9%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 15.2%. In part 3, dose-limiting toxicities occurred in two out of six patients: grade 3 febrile neutropenia decreased appetite, and fatigue. The ORR was 33%. Conclusion The recommended phase 2 dose of rivoceranib was determined to be 685 mg once daily, which showed adequate efficacy with a manageable safety profile (NCT01497704 and NCT02711969).

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes and safety profiles of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT)+abiraterone/prednisone with those of ADT+docetaxel in patients with de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Materials and Methods: A web-based database system was established to collect prospective cohort data for patients with mHSPC in Korea. From May 2019 to November 2022, 928 patients with mHSPC from 15 institutions were enrolled. Among these patients, data from 122 patients who received ADT+abiraterone/prednisone or ADT+docetaxel as the primary systemic treatment for mHSPC were collected. The patients were divided into two groups: ADT+abiraterone/prednisone group (n=102) and ADT+docetaxel group (n=20). We compared the demographic characteristics, medical histories, baseline cancer status, initial laboratory tests, metastatic burden, oncological outcomes for mHSPC, progression after mHSPC treatment, adverse effects, follow-up, and survival data between the two groups. Results: No significant differences in the demographic characteristics, medical histories, metastatic burden, and baseline cancer status were observed between the two groups. The ADT+abiraterone/prednisone group had a lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression rate (7.8% vs. 30.0%; p=0.011) and lower systemic treatment discontinuation rate (22.5% vs. 45.0%; p=0.037). No significant differences in adverse effects, oncological outcomes, and total follow-up period were observed between the two groups. Conclusions ADT+abiraterone/prednisone had lower PSA progression and systemic treatment discontinuation rates than ADT+docetaxel. In conclusion, further studies involving larger, double-blinded randomized trials with extended follow-up periods are necessary.

Purpose: We assessed the proportion of patients with a focal intrahepatic stricture (FIHS) that was a precursor lesion or malignancy and visualized only as a duct dilatation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed patients who underwent surgery or biopsy for an FIHS on CT or MRI between January 2010 and March 2022. The number and proportion of non-precursor benign lesions, precursors, and malignancies were calculated.Clinical variables and imaging features were compared between non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHSs. Results: Twenty-eight patients with confirmed histopathological diagnoses were identified, including 15 men (54.0%) and 13 women (46.0%). The median age of all patients at the first imaging diagnosis was 65 ± 9.54 (range, 43–78) years. Of the 28 patients with FIHSs, 9 (32%) were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and 7 (25%) were diagnosed with precursor lesions, which included six intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct and one biliary intraepithelial neoplasm. Accordingly, 16 (57%) patients had malignant or precursor lesions, and 12 (43%) were diagnosed with non-precursor benign lesions. None of the clinical variables and imaging features used for analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHS groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion FIHSs visualized only as duct dilatation can harbor malignant or precursor lesions.

Purpose: We assessed the proportion of patients with a focal intrahepatic stricture (FIHS) that was a precursor lesion or malignancy and visualized only as a duct dilatation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed patients who underwent surgery or biopsy for an FIHS on CT or MRI between January 2010 and March 2022. The number and proportion of non-precursor benign lesions, precursors, and malignancies were calculated.Clinical variables and imaging features were compared between non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHSs. Results: Twenty-eight patients with confirmed histopathological diagnoses were identified, including 15 men (54.0%) and 13 women (46.0%). The median age of all patients at the first imaging diagnosis was 65 ± 9.54 (range, 43–78) years. Of the 28 patients with FIHSs, 9 (32%) were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and 7 (25%) were diagnosed with precursor lesions, which included six intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct and one biliary intraepithelial neoplasm. Accordingly, 16 (57%) patients had malignant or precursor lesions, and 12 (43%) were diagnosed with non-precursor benign lesions. None of the clinical variables and imaging features used for analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHS groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion FIHSs visualized only as duct dilatation can harbor malignant or precursor lesions.

Purpose: We assessed the proportion of patients with a focal intrahepatic stricture (FIHS) that was a precursor lesion or malignancy and visualized only as a duct dilatation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed patients who underwent surgery or biopsy for an FIHS on CT or MRI between January 2010 and March 2022. The number and proportion of non-precursor benign lesions, precursors, and malignancies were calculated.Clinical variables and imaging features were compared between non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHSs. Results: Twenty-eight patients with confirmed histopathological diagnoses were identified, including 15 men (54.0%) and 13 women (46.0%). The median age of all patients at the first imaging diagnosis was 65 ± 9.54 (range, 43–78) years. Of the 28 patients with FIHSs, 9 (32%) were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and 7 (25%) were diagnosed with precursor lesions, which included six intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct and one biliary intraepithelial neoplasm. Accordingly, 16 (57%) patients had malignant or precursor lesions, and 12 (43%) were diagnosed with non-precursor benign lesions. None of the clinical variables and imaging features used for analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the non-premalignant benign and premalignant/malignant FIHS groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion FIHSs visualized only as duct dilatation can harbor malignant or precursor lesions.

Mechanical power (MP) has been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes. Because the original MP equation is derived from paralyzed patients under volume-controlled ventilation, its application in practice could be limited in patients receiving pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Recently, a simplified equation for patients under PCV was developed. We investigated the association between MP and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Korean data from the Fourth International Study of Mechanical Ventilation. We extracted data of patients under PCV on day 1 and calculated MP using the following simplified equation: MPPCV = 0.098 ∙ respiratory rate ∙ tidal volume ∙ (ΔPinsp + positive end-expiratory pressure), where ΔPinsp is the change in airway pressure during inspiration. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors and then compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between MPPCV and ICU mortality. The interaction of MPPCV and use of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 125 patients was eligible for final analysis, of whom 38 died in the ICU. MPPCV was higher in non-survivors (17.6 vs. 26.3 J/min, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, only MPPCV was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.029–1.155; P=0.003). There was no significant effect of the interaction between MPPCV and use of NMBA on ICU mortality (P=0.579). Conclusions: MPPCV is associated with ICU mortality in patients mechanically ventilated with PCV mode, regardless of NMBA use.