Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat discogenic back pain and offers an alternative to surgical intervention in selected patients. Although it is generally considered safe, rare but significant complications can occur and may be difficult to diagnose because their symptoms overlap with those of other spinal conditions. We describe the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with severe lower back and left buttock pain that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed disc bulging with a high-intensity zone at the L4–5 and L5–S1 levels. IDET was performed at the L4–5 level, resulting in initial pain relief. However, the patient returned 7 days later with recurrent pain. Despite undergoing percutaneous epidural neuroplasty at the left L5–S1 level, a medial branch block, and a piriformis muscle block, her symptoms persisted. Further evaluation with spinal computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma near the left psoas muscle. Referred pain from the hematoma mimicked discogenic pain, resulting in delayed diagnosis and unnecessary interventions. The patient remained hemodynamically stable and gradually improved with conservative management alone. This case highlights retroperitoneal hematoma as a rare complication of IDET and emphasizes the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis in patients with persistent or worsening symptoms after spinal procedures. Clinicians should consider non-discogenic sources of pain when treatment outcomes deviate from expected patterns.

Purpose: This study focused on analyzing the contact pressure and area on different patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to evaluate biomechanics related to the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Materials and Methods: The patellar components studied included the dome design, modified dome design, and anatomical design implants. Using finite element analysis and mechanical testing, the pressure and area were evaluated. The first loading condition was simulated at flexion angles of 0°, 15°, 45°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. The second loading condition was simulated for a clinically relevant scenario, involving a 2-mm medial shift at a flexion angle of 45°. Results: For both the modified dome and anatomical designs, the contact area and pressure increased with the flexion angle. The dome design reached its maximum contact area at a flexion angle of 120°. Among the designs, the anatomical design had the largest contact area and a lower contact pressure compared to the dome and modified dome designs. However, when a medial shift of 2 mm was simulated at a 45° flexion angle, which can occur clinically, the anatomical design showed edge contact, leading to higher contact pressure and reduced contact area. In contrast, the modified dome design demonstrated the lowest contact pressure and the greatest contact area under the same shifted conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the design of the patellar component significantly affects patellar biomechanics and stability. Specifically, the modified dome design showed improved biomechanical effects in clinically relevant scenarios. Therefore, patellar components with a modified dome design are expected to better manage PF joint pain and reduce complications in TKA.

Purpose: This study focused on analyzing the contact pressure and area on different patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to evaluate biomechanics related to the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Materials and Methods: The patellar components studied included the dome design, modified dome design, and anatomical design implants. Using finite element analysis and mechanical testing, the pressure and area were evaluated. The first loading condition was simulated at flexion angles of 0°, 15°, 45°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. The second loading condition was simulated for a clinically relevant scenario, involving a 2-mm medial shift at a flexion angle of 45°. Results: For both the modified dome and anatomical designs, the contact area and pressure increased with the flexion angle. The dome design reached its maximum contact area at a flexion angle of 120°. Among the designs, the anatomical design had the largest contact area and a lower contact pressure compared to the dome and modified dome designs. However, when a medial shift of 2 mm was simulated at a 45° flexion angle, which can occur clinically, the anatomical design showed edge contact, leading to higher contact pressure and reduced contact area. In contrast, the modified dome design demonstrated the lowest contact pressure and the greatest contact area under the same shifted conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the design of the patellar component significantly affects patellar biomechanics and stability. Specifically, the modified dome design showed improved biomechanical effects in clinically relevant scenarios. Therefore, patellar components with a modified dome design are expected to better manage PF joint pain and reduce complications in TKA.

Purpose: This study focused on analyzing the contact pressure and area on different patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to evaluate biomechanics related to the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Materials and Methods: The patellar components studied included the dome design, modified dome design, and anatomical design implants. Using finite element analysis and mechanical testing, the pressure and area were evaluated. The first loading condition was simulated at flexion angles of 0°, 15°, 45°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. The second loading condition was simulated for a clinically relevant scenario, involving a 2-mm medial shift at a flexion angle of 45°. Results: For both the modified dome and anatomical designs, the contact area and pressure increased with the flexion angle. The dome design reached its maximum contact area at a flexion angle of 120°. Among the designs, the anatomical design had the largest contact area and a lower contact pressure compared to the dome and modified dome designs. However, when a medial shift of 2 mm was simulated at a 45° flexion angle, which can occur clinically, the anatomical design showed edge contact, leading to higher contact pressure and reduced contact area. In contrast, the modified dome design demonstrated the lowest contact pressure and the greatest contact area under the same shifted conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the design of the patellar component significantly affects patellar biomechanics and stability. Specifically, the modified dome design showed improved biomechanical effects in clinically relevant scenarios. Therefore, patellar components with a modified dome design are expected to better manage PF joint pain and reduce complications in TKA.

Purpose: This study focused on analyzing the contact pressure and area on different patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to evaluate biomechanics related to the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Materials and Methods: The patellar components studied included the dome design, modified dome design, and anatomical design implants. Using finite element analysis and mechanical testing, the pressure and area were evaluated. The first loading condition was simulated at flexion angles of 0°, 15°, 45°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. The second loading condition was simulated for a clinically relevant scenario, involving a 2-mm medial shift at a flexion angle of 45°. Results: For both the modified dome and anatomical designs, the contact area and pressure increased with the flexion angle. The dome design reached its maximum contact area at a flexion angle of 120°. Among the designs, the anatomical design had the largest contact area and a lower contact pressure compared to the dome and modified dome designs. However, when a medial shift of 2 mm was simulated at a 45° flexion angle, which can occur clinically, the anatomical design showed edge contact, leading to higher contact pressure and reduced contact area. In contrast, the modified dome design demonstrated the lowest contact pressure and the greatest contact area under the same shifted conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the design of the patellar component significantly affects patellar biomechanics and stability. Specifically, the modified dome design showed improved biomechanical effects in clinically relevant scenarios. Therefore, patellar components with a modified dome design are expected to better manage PF joint pain and reduce complications in TKA.

Purpose: This study focused on analyzing the contact pressure and area on different patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to evaluate biomechanics related to the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Materials and Methods: The patellar components studied included the dome design, modified dome design, and anatomical design implants. Using finite element analysis and mechanical testing, the pressure and area were evaluated. The first loading condition was simulated at flexion angles of 0°, 15°, 45°, 90°, 120°, and 150°. The second loading condition was simulated for a clinically relevant scenario, involving a 2-mm medial shift at a flexion angle of 45°. Results: For both the modified dome and anatomical designs, the contact area and pressure increased with the flexion angle. The dome design reached its maximum contact area at a flexion angle of 120°. Among the designs, the anatomical design had the largest contact area and a lower contact pressure compared to the dome and modified dome designs. However, when a medial shift of 2 mm was simulated at a 45° flexion angle, which can occur clinically, the anatomical design showed edge contact, leading to higher contact pressure and reduced contact area. In contrast, the modified dome design demonstrated the lowest contact pressure and the greatest contact area under the same shifted conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the design of the patellar component significantly affects patellar biomechanics and stability. Specifically, the modified dome design showed improved biomechanical effects in clinically relevant scenarios. Therefore, patellar components with a modified dome design are expected to better manage PF joint pain and reduce complications in TKA.

Purpose: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in longterm MCL survival. Methods: This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from transplantation to disease progression, relapse, or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from transplan‑ tation to death from any cause or the last follow-up. Results: In total, 109 patients underwent consolidative SCT after first-line chemotherapy. The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 65.4% and 78.5%, respectively, in the auto-SCT group, and 66.7% and 71.4%, respectively, in the allo-SCT group. The PFS and OS did not differ significantly between the auto- and allo-SCT groups. As part of salvage treatment, 52 patients with relapsed or refractory disease underwent auto- or allo-SCT. Patients who underwent auto-SCT with complete remis‑ sion/partial remission status reported better outcomes. In patients with refractory status, allogeneic transplantation using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) fully matched donors was a significantly favorable factor for PFS and OS. Conclusion The long-term survival of patients who underwent consolidative transplantation was similar to that reported in previous studies. Auto-SCT may be beneficial in patients who respond to salvage therapy, whereas allo-SCT with HLA-matched donors may be an alternative for patients with refractory disease. 

Targetoid hemosiderotic nevus (THN) is a rare variant of melanocytic nevus, characterized by a sudden development of a targetoid ecchymotic halo around a pre-existing nevus. THN clinically raises concern for malignant transformation due to its abrupt change in color and size. THN should be distinguished from other diseases showing a peripheral halo, including targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, halo nevus, and Meyerson nevus. Dermoscopy can help clinicians to differentiate THN from these diseases. The typical dermoscopic features of THN are known to be divided into two distinctive areas: the central melanocytic area and the peripheral ecchymotic area. In our case, dermoscopy revealed a novel bull’s eye pattern composed of a central area with characteristic features of benign melanocytic nevus, an intermediated white circular ring, and a peripheral milky red area. When a sudden change occurs in a pre-existing nodule showing targetoid features, dermoscopy should be considered before conducting a biopsy or surgical intervention.

Purpose: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard management for relapsed or high-risk non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). We reported the busulfan, melphalan, and etoposide (BuME) conditioning regimen was effective in patients with relapsed or high-risk NHL. Moreover, the busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (BuCE) conditioning regimen has been used widely in ASCT for NHL. Therefore, based on these encouraging results, this randomized phase II multicenter trial compared the outcomes of BuME and BuCE as conditioning therapies for ASCT in patients with NHL. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either BuME (n=36) or BuCE (n=39). The BuME regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day, intravenously) administered on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m2 intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and melphalan (50 mg/m2/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The BuCE regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m2/day intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Seventy-five patients were enrolled. Eleven patients (30.5%) in the BuME group and 13 patients (33.3%) in the BuCE group had disease progression or died. The 2-year PFS rate was 65.4% in the BuME group and 60.6% in the BuCE group (p=0.746). There were no non-relapse mortalities within 100 days after transplantation. Conclusion There were no significant differences in PFS between the two groups. Therefore, busulfan-based conditioning regimens, BuME and BuCE, may be important treatment substitutes for the BCNU-containing regimens.