Purpose: Lupus nephritis (LN) can be caused by the complement activation. This study aimed to investigate the differences and clinical implications of the activation pattern of the complement system for pediatric and adult LN patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients (14 pediatric and 26 adult patients) diagnosed with LN through kidney biopsy. Results: The mean ages at diagnosis of pediatric and adult patients were 11.7±2.92 and 37.3±13.5 years, respectively. At the first LN diagnosis, compared with adult patients, pediatric patients had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and milder proteinuria; however, there was no statistical significance. The age-adjusted mean serum complement 3 value was significantly lower in the pediatric group (33.0±11.3 mg/dL) than in the adult group (50.8±25.2 mg/dL) (P<0.01). Based on the findings of kidney biopsy, no significant differences were observed in the severity of pathologic classification and the positive rate of complements between adults and children. However, the chronicity index score of adult patients was significantly higher than that of pediatric patients and in the case of complement 4d, despite a similar positive rate, the intensity was significantly stronger for adults (2.35±0.83 vs. 1.54±0.52, (P=0.04). Conclusions The activation pattern of the complement system in LN differs clinicopathologically between pediatric and adult patients and these differences might play an important role in the age-dependent prognosis of LN.

Purpose: Lupus nephritis (LN) can be caused by the complement activation. This study aimed to investigate the differences and clinical implications of the activation pattern of the complement system for pediatric and adult LN patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients (14 pediatric and 26 adult patients) diagnosed with LN through kidney biopsy. Results: The mean ages at diagnosis of pediatric and adult patients were 11.7±2.92 and 37.3±13.5 years, respectively. At the first LN diagnosis, compared with adult patients, pediatric patients had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and milder proteinuria; however, there was no statistical significance. The age-adjusted mean serum complement 3 value was significantly lower in the pediatric group (33.0±11.3 mg/dL) than in the adult group (50.8±25.2 mg/dL) (P<0.01). Based on the findings of kidney biopsy, no significant differences were observed in the severity of pathologic classification and the positive rate of complements between adults and children. However, the chronicity index score of adult patients was significantly higher than that of pediatric patients and in the case of complement 4d, despite a similar positive rate, the intensity was significantly stronger for adults (2.35±0.83 vs. 1.54±0.52, (P=0.04). Conclusions The activation pattern of the complement system in LN differs clinicopathologically between pediatric and adult patients and these differences might play an important role in the age-dependent prognosis of LN.

Purpose: Lupus nephritis (LN) can be caused by the complement activation. This study aimed to investigate the differences and clinical implications of the activation pattern of the complement system for pediatric and adult LN patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients (14 pediatric and 26 adult patients) diagnosed with LN through kidney biopsy. Results: The mean ages at diagnosis of pediatric and adult patients were 11.7±2.92 and 37.3±13.5 years, respectively. At the first LN diagnosis, compared with adult patients, pediatric patients had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and milder proteinuria; however, there was no statistical significance. The age-adjusted mean serum complement 3 value was significantly lower in the pediatric group (33.0±11.3 mg/dL) than in the adult group (50.8±25.2 mg/dL) (P<0.01). Based on the findings of kidney biopsy, no significant differences were observed in the severity of pathologic classification and the positive rate of complements between adults and children. However, the chronicity index score of adult patients was significantly higher than that of pediatric patients and in the case of complement 4d, despite a similar positive rate, the intensity was significantly stronger for adults (2.35±0.83 vs. 1.54±0.52, (P=0.04). Conclusions The activation pattern of the complement system in LN differs clinicopathologically between pediatric and adult patients and these differences might play an important role in the age-dependent prognosis of LN.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in perceptions of occupational health management and communication between health managers of partner companies and those of main contractors. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to main contractor health managers and partner company representatives, and the collected data were compared and analyzed using a t-test and a chi-squared test. Results: Partner company representatives generally reported lower perceptions than health managers across most occupational health management items. The largest perception gaps were found in pre-placement health checks, workplace environment measurements and corrective actions, and the establishment of an occupational health management system.For business coordination, face-to-face meetings were most preferred, followed by official letters. Both groups agreed that face-to-face communication was the most effective method for providing health information, with no significant differences. However, for communication with workers, health managers preferred direct meetings, online channels, or individual phone calls, while partner company representatives favored individual phone calls or online group chats. Conclusion Partner companies have characteristics that differ from typical small-scale workplaces, requiring occupational health management and communication methods tailored to these unique features. There is also a need to develop guidelines and policies that partner company representatives can easily understand and implement effectively.

Objective: The Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition (SCOPA-Cog) was developed to assess cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the SCOPACog (K-SCOPA-Cog). Methods: We enrolled 129 PD patients with movement disorders from 31 clinics in South Korea. The original version of the SCOPA-Cog was translated into Korean using the translation-retranslation method. The test–retest method with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MOCA-K) and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were used to assess concurrent validity. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.797, and the ICC was 0.887. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation with the K-MMSE and MOCA-K scores (r = 0.546 and r = 0.683, respectively). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the K-SCOPA-Cog has good reliability and validity.

Background: Angiolipoma is a disorder characterized by the development of distinct, encapsulated subcutaneous tumors. Unlike lipoma, angiolipoma is distinctively accompanied by tenderness, which does not respond to general painkillers. Additionally, the reason for the pain has not been elucidated yet. Objective: This study aims to investigate platelet aggregation as the potential cause of tenderness in angiolipoma. Methods: Twenty-three patients diagnosed with angiolipoma and lipoma were enrolled. Platelet aggregation was visualized by CD61 immunohistochemical staining. The area of platelet aggregation and vessel lumen in a high power field were measured with the QuPath software. The ratio between the area of platelet aggregation and vessel lumen (p/v ratio) was calculated from the captured images. Results: Eleven of 46 patients complained of tenderness (9/23 angiolipoma [39.1%], 2/23 lipoma [8.7%]).Angiolipoma demonstrated a higher p/v ratio than that observed in lipoma (0.27 vs. 0.09, p＜0.001). Furthermore, the mean p/v ratio was high in patients with tenderness (0.44 vs. 0.09, p＜0.01). Patients were divided into three groups according to the aggregation pattern, highly clustered, mixed, and particulated. Nine patients with angiolipoma presented a highly clustered pattern, meanwhile, only three patients with lipoma exhibited a highly clustered pattern. Moreover, the number of patients with tenderness was significant in the highly clustered group (63.6%). Additionally, among the highly clustered group, the mean p/v ratio was higher in patients with tenderness (0.52 vs. 0.24, p＜0.01). Conclusion As clustered platelet aggregation with a high p/v ratio demonstrated relevance to tenderness, medications inhibiting platelet aggregation could mitigate tenderness in patients with angiolipoma.

Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors; however, reports on extracranial cutaneous meningiomas are exceedingly rare. A 77-year-old woman visited our hospital with an asymptomatic child fist-sized mass on the scalp.Biopsy results indicated nuclear atypia and mitoses of sarcomatous cells. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subgaleal mass with strong enhancement. Suspecting sarcoma, wide excision was performed jointly by the departments of plastic surgery and neurosurgery, during which no evidence of cranial invasion was noted. In the surgical specimen, numerous mitoses of sarcomatous cells and poorly formed nests of epithelioid cells were observed. This led to the diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma without intracranial origin. Subsequently, the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and is currently under close follow-up. Anaplastic meningioma is rare, but early diagnosis is important as it enables timely and appropriate treatment, thus, improving survival rates. Dermatologists should remain vigilant as meningiomas can manifest as cutaneous scalp nodules, and their accurate diagnosis can profoundly impact prognosis.

Purpuric bullous amyloidosis is rare skin manifestation of primary systemic amyloidosis. We present a case of 59-year-old female with multiple myeloma who only presented with symptoms of amyloidosis. The patient presented with ill-defined, yellowish, flaccid bullous patches with multiple purpuric macules in intertriginous areas for 5 years.Necrobiotic xanthogranulomas and xanthoma disseminatum were considered based on their appearance, but histopathological examination ruled them out. The examination revealed loose dermal collagen bundles and elastic fiber fragmentation. Amyloidosis could not be definitively excluded due to presence of amorphous eosinophilic material around the vessels. Electron microscopy confirmed presence of amyloid deposits by demonstrating non-branching, randomly ordered fibrils within 10 nm in diameter. Although systemic symptoms were insufficient to raise suspicion for multiple myeloma, bone marrow biopsy and whole skeletal computed tomography scan revealed early-stage multiple myeloma. This case highlights how uncovering amyloidosis can be the first clue leading to diagnosing inconspicuous multiple myeloma.