Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for happiness of students in general high schools.The study was based on the theory of happiness integration and the literature review. Methods: Data were collected using a convenience sample of 231 first and second grade students in five general high schools in D city and K Province. The exogenous variables were optimism as personality factors, parenting attitude, academic stress and friend’s support as happiness. The endogenous variables were self-esteem and resilience as mediating variables, and happiness of students in general high schools. Data collection was done from March 14 to March 28, 2019. The AMOS 22.0 and SPSS programs were used to verify the validity of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis models. Results: The factors that have the greatest influence on happiness of high school students are self-esteem and resilience. The explanatory power of happiness by these variables was 98.1%. The individual mediating effect and double mediation effect of these variables were found to be significant. Conclusion As student's optimistic personality, parent's positive parenting attitude, and friend’s support improve student's self-esteem and resilience, ultimately positively affecting high school students' happiness, so it is necessary to consider these factors and try to develop a happiness improvement program.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate hemato-oncology patients' discomfort and bleeding in relation to the bedrest time after bone marrow examination. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The data were collected using self-report questionnaire from total of 131 patients who underwent bone marrow examination from January 2017 to September 2017. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed-rank test, McNemar's test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The level of discomfort after 4 hours of bedrest was significantly higher when compared to 2 hours of bedrest(p<.001). The occurrence of bleeding after 2 hours of bedrest was significantly higher than 4 hours of bedrest(p<.001), however the degree of bleeding was slight. No bleeding occurred in 84% of the patients after 2 hours of bedrest. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that shortening the bed rest time after bone marrow examination was helpful in improving the patient's well-being. Bedrest time could be shortened according to the site of bone marrow examination and patient's condition.
Bed Rest ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Bone Marrow ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Logistic Models

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Visual assessment of medial temporal-lobe atrophy (MTA) has been quick, reliable, and easy to apply in routine clinical practice. However, one of the limitations in visual assessments of MTA is the lack of widely accepted age-adjusted norms and cutoff scores for MTA for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff score on a T1-weighted axial MTA Visual Rating Scale (VRS) for differentiating patients with AD from cognitively normal elderly people. METHODS: The 3,430 recruited subjects comprising 1,427 with no cognitive impairment (NC) and 2003 AD patients were divided into age ranges of 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years. Of these, 446 participants (218 in the NC group and 228 in the AD group) were chosen by random sampling for inclusion in this study. Each decade age group included 57 individuals, with the exception of 47 subjects being included in the 80- to 89-year NC group. The scores on the T1-weighted axial MTA VRS were graded by two neurologists. The cutoff values were evaluated from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: The optimal axial MTA VRS cutoff score from discriminating AD from NC increased with age: it was ≥as ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 in subjects aged 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years, respectively (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the optimal cutoff score on the axial MTA VRS for diagnosing of AD differed according to the decade age group. This information could be of practical usefulness in the clinical setting.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Atrophy* ; Cognition Disorders ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea* ; Pemetrexed ; ROC Curve

OBJECTIVES: This research was carried out to identify the synergistic effect of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac on neuropathic pain alleviation. METHODS: The anti-allodynic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and ketorolac was investigated in rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Mechanical allodynia was assessed using Von Frey filaments. Every day for 3 consecutive days, beginning on the 10th day after SNL, behavioral tests were carried out at 1, 2, and 4 hr after drug injection. RESULTS: Significant increases in ipsilateral paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were observed 1, 2, and 4 hr after drug injection in the groups of rats which received intrathecal injection of either dexmedetomidine (group D) or ketorolac (group K), compared to group S (P < 0.05). And group DK, which received simultaneous intrathecal injection of both dexmedetomidine and ketorolac, showed statistically significantly higher ipsilateral PWTs than groups D and K, which received only one of them (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research demonstrated the anti-allodynic effect of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac on neuropathic pain induced by SNL in rats. They also suggest that synergistic analgesia can be induced by the simultaneous injection of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac, and that combination therapy is an effective approach to treating chronic neuropathic pain syndrome.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Hyperalgesia* ; Injections, Spinal ; Ketorolac* ; Ligation* ; Neuralgia ; Rats* ; Spinal Nerves*

Here, we report the poisoning case of 10 cows. Several distinct clinical signs such as convulsion, excessive salivation, circling, lateral recumbency, and death were observed. Necropsy and histopathological examination did not reveal any significant abnormal findings. Moreover, no bacteria or viruses were detected in tissue, blood, and feeding food. However, endosulfan was detected from the stomach contents and microbials. Our results strongly suggest that death of cows may be closely associated with endosulfan poisoning.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Cattle* ; Endosulfan* ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Poisoning* ; Salivation ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: To standardize renal biopsy reporting and diagnosis, The Renal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (RPSKSP) has developed a renal pathology reporting format for the native and allograft kidney. METHODS: A consensus checklist of a provisional renal biopsy format was sent to all members of the RPSKSP. Feed back opinions regarding the practical application of the checklist to the diagnostic work were received. RESULTS: Kidney biopsies require three essential examinations: by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). A final report of a renal biopsy should include information on specimen adequacy and a description of the morphologic change using a systematic semiquantitative method for each of the compartments, with optional separate IF and EM reports. CONCLUSIONS: A standard renal biopsy report format is important in establishing clinicopathologic correlations, making reliable prognostic considerations, comparing the findings in sequential biopsies and evaluating the effects of therapy.
Biopsy ; Checklist ; Consensus ; Kidney ; Light ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Transplantation, Homologous

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease that most commonly affects the renal and internal carotid arteries. A Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by hundreds of adenomatous colorectal polyps, with an almost inevitable progression to colorectal cancer. A 19-year-old woman with history of total colectomy as a result of familial adenomatous polyposis presented with high blood pressure incidentally. Abdominal CT scan showed "string of beads" appearance of right renal artery. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was performed and then hypertension was improved. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case report of secondary renovascular hypertension resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia in patients with FAP. Here, we report a patient with a review of the literature.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Angioplasty ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Fibromuscular Dysplasia* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Polyps ; Renal Artery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Diseases ; Young Adult

A renal angiomyolipoma is uncommon congenital mixed tumor like formations consisting of blood vessel, smooth muscle cells and adipose tissue. We report a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage from spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma in a 37 year-old woman that appeared unilateral and pedunculated attached to renal cortex. The patient presented with a clinical feature of flank pain and shock because of massive hemorrhage. Because the patient suffered from flank pain regardless of selective renal embolization, laparoscopic surgery was necessary to remove angiomyolipoma from renal cortex.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Blood Vessels ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney Cortex ; Laparoscopy ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Shock

PURPOSE: This study was to develop and prove the effects of aself management compliance promotion program for primary hypertension patients who reside in rural communities. METHOD: The content of the self management compliance promotion program developed by this study was as follows: A leader trains patients as a group or individually, in walking, education and green tea therapy from the first to twelfth week. From the thirteenth to twenty fourth week, the patients should perform walking and green tea therapy by themselves. One hundred twenty subjects volunteered to participate in the study, who were among those registered as hypertension patients in the 14 community health clinics located in Chungcheongbuk-do. RESULT: Systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, step width, and degree of obesity decreased significantly. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, step length, knowledge of hypertension, and self management compliance significantly increased. CONCLUSION: A self management compliance promotion program for primary hypertensive patients enhances biophysical index and knowledge on hypertension, thus ultimately suggesting a nursing intervention for promoting self management compliance.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hypertension/psychology/*therapy ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Rural Population ; *Self Care

BACKGROUND: THe Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control (KOSNIC) orfanized the Korean Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (KONIS) to establish a nationwide database of Nosocomial infection (NI) rate in the intensive care units (ICUs) of Korean hospitals. This report is a summary of the data from July through September 2006. METHODS: The KONIS performed a prospective sruveillance for nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTI), bloodstream infections (BSI), and pneumonia (PNEU) at 76 ICUs in 44 hospitals. NI rates were calculated as the numbers of infections per 1,000 patient-days or device-days. RESULTS: A total of 846 nosocomial infections were fOlllld during the study period: 407 UTIs (397 cases were urinary catheter-associated), 204 BSIs (182 were central line-associated), and 235 PNEUs (161 were ventilator-associated). The rate of urinary catheter-associated UTIs was 4.61 cases per 1,000 device-days and urinary catheter utilization ratio was 0.83. The rate of central line-associated BSIs was 3.16 and the utilization ratio was 0.55. The rate of ventilator-associated PNEUs was 3.80 and the utilization ratio was 0.41. Although the ventilator utilization ratio was lower in the hospitals with 400-699 beds than in the hospitals with more than 900 beds, the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was higher in the smaller hospitals than in the larger ones. The rates of all three device-associated infections were the highest in the neurosurgical ICUs and the rates were the lowest in the surgical ICUs. CONCLUSION: This study may contribute to the development of effective strategies for NI control according to the size of hospital and the type of ICUs.
Cross Infection* ; Intensive Care Units ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Ventilators, Mechanical