1.Diabetes Is Positively Associated With High Risk of Depression in Korean Cervical Cancer Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2021
Seon-Mi LEE ; Daun SHIN ; Aeran SEOL ; Sanghoon LEE ; Hyun-Woong CHO ; Kyung-Jin MIN ; Jin-Hwa HONG ; Jae-Kwan LEE ; Nak-Woo LEE ; Jae-Yun SONG ; Won Jun CHOI
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(1):57-65
Objective:
Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between high risk of depression and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Korean cervical cancer patients.
Methods:
A total of 330 women with cervical cancer were included in this study, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. Participants were categorized into two groups—high risk of depression and non-depression—based on their answers to survey items related to depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of metabolic diseases on high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Results:
A total of 78 (23.64%) and 252 (76.36%) women were classified into the high risk of depression and non-depression groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, menopausal status, and smoking status, diabetes was associated with an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.205, 5.071) for high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. However, among the metabolic diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not associated with high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggests that diabetes may be associated with a increased risk of high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. Therefore, appropriate treatment of diabetes in cervical cancer patients may contribute to lowering the risk of depression in the future.
2.Development and Application of New Risk-Adjustment Models to Improve the Current Model for Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio in South Korea
Hyeki PARK ; Ji-Sook CHOI ; Min Sun SHIN ; Soomin KIM ; Hyekyoung KIM ; Nahyeong IM ; Soon Joo PARK ; Donggyo SHIN ; Youngmi SONG ; Yunjung CHO ; Hyunmi JOO ; Hyeryeon HONG ; Yong-Hwa HWANG ; Choon-Seon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):179-186
Purpose:
This study assessed the validity of the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) risk-adjusted model by comparing models that include clinical information and the current model based on administrative information in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
The data of 53976 inpatients were analyzed. The current HSMR risk-adjusted model (Model 1) adjusts for sex, age, health coverage, emergency hospitalization status, main diagnosis, surgery status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using administrative data. As candidate variables, among clinical information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, present on admission CCI, and cancer stage were collected. Surgery status, intensive care in the intensive care unit, and CCI were selected as proxy variables among administrative data. In-hospital death was defined as the dependent variable, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The statistical performance of each model was compared using C-index values.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between variables in the administrative data and those in the medical records. The C-index of the existing model (Model 1) was 0.785; Model 2, which included all clinical data, had a higher C-index of 0.857. In Model 4, in which APACHE II and SAPS 3 were replaced with variables recorded in the administrative data from Model 2, the C-index further increased to 0.863.
Conclusion
The HSMR assessment model improved when clinical data were adjusted. Simultaneously, the validity of the evaluation method could be secured even if some of the clinical information was replaced with the information in the administrative data.
3.Diabetes Is Positively Associated With High Risk of Depression in Korean Cervical Cancer Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2021
Seon-Mi LEE ; Daun SHIN ; Aeran SEOL ; Sanghoon LEE ; Hyun-Woong CHO ; Kyung-Jin MIN ; Jin-Hwa HONG ; Jae-Kwan LEE ; Nak-Woo LEE ; Jae-Yun SONG ; Won Jun CHOI
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(1):57-65
Objective:
Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between high risk of depression and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Korean cervical cancer patients.
Methods:
A total of 330 women with cervical cancer were included in this study, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. Participants were categorized into two groups—high risk of depression and non-depression—based on their answers to survey items related to depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of metabolic diseases on high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Results:
A total of 78 (23.64%) and 252 (76.36%) women were classified into the high risk of depression and non-depression groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, menopausal status, and smoking status, diabetes was associated with an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.205, 5.071) for high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. However, among the metabolic diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not associated with high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggests that diabetes may be associated with a increased risk of high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. Therefore, appropriate treatment of diabetes in cervical cancer patients may contribute to lowering the risk of depression in the future.
4.Development and Application of New Risk-Adjustment Models to Improve the Current Model for Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio in South Korea
Hyeki PARK ; Ji-Sook CHOI ; Min Sun SHIN ; Soomin KIM ; Hyekyoung KIM ; Nahyeong IM ; Soon Joo PARK ; Donggyo SHIN ; Youngmi SONG ; Yunjung CHO ; Hyunmi JOO ; Hyeryeon HONG ; Yong-Hwa HWANG ; Choon-Seon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):179-186
Purpose:
This study assessed the validity of the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) risk-adjusted model by comparing models that include clinical information and the current model based on administrative information in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
The data of 53976 inpatients were analyzed. The current HSMR risk-adjusted model (Model 1) adjusts for sex, age, health coverage, emergency hospitalization status, main diagnosis, surgery status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using administrative data. As candidate variables, among clinical information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, present on admission CCI, and cancer stage were collected. Surgery status, intensive care in the intensive care unit, and CCI were selected as proxy variables among administrative data. In-hospital death was defined as the dependent variable, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The statistical performance of each model was compared using C-index values.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between variables in the administrative data and those in the medical records. The C-index of the existing model (Model 1) was 0.785; Model 2, which included all clinical data, had a higher C-index of 0.857. In Model 4, in which APACHE II and SAPS 3 were replaced with variables recorded in the administrative data from Model 2, the C-index further increased to 0.863.
Conclusion
The HSMR assessment model improved when clinical data were adjusted. Simultaneously, the validity of the evaluation method could be secured even if some of the clinical information was replaced with the information in the administrative data.
5.Diabetes Is Positively Associated With High Risk of Depression in Korean Cervical Cancer Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2021
Seon-Mi LEE ; Daun SHIN ; Aeran SEOL ; Sanghoon LEE ; Hyun-Woong CHO ; Kyung-Jin MIN ; Jin-Hwa HONG ; Jae-Kwan LEE ; Nak-Woo LEE ; Jae-Yun SONG ; Won Jun CHOI
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(1):57-65
Objective:
Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between high risk of depression and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Korean cervical cancer patients.
Methods:
A total of 330 women with cervical cancer were included in this study, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. Participants were categorized into two groups—high risk of depression and non-depression—based on their answers to survey items related to depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of metabolic diseases on high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Results:
A total of 78 (23.64%) and 252 (76.36%) women were classified into the high risk of depression and non-depression groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, menopausal status, and smoking status, diabetes was associated with an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.205, 5.071) for high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. However, among the metabolic diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not associated with high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggests that diabetes may be associated with a increased risk of high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. Therefore, appropriate treatment of diabetes in cervical cancer patients may contribute to lowering the risk of depression in the future.
6.Development and Application of New Risk-Adjustment Models to Improve the Current Model for Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio in South Korea
Hyeki PARK ; Ji-Sook CHOI ; Min Sun SHIN ; Soomin KIM ; Hyekyoung KIM ; Nahyeong IM ; Soon Joo PARK ; Donggyo SHIN ; Youngmi SONG ; Yunjung CHO ; Hyunmi JOO ; Hyeryeon HONG ; Yong-Hwa HWANG ; Choon-Seon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):179-186
Purpose:
This study assessed the validity of the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) risk-adjusted model by comparing models that include clinical information and the current model based on administrative information in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
The data of 53976 inpatients were analyzed. The current HSMR risk-adjusted model (Model 1) adjusts for sex, age, health coverage, emergency hospitalization status, main diagnosis, surgery status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using administrative data. As candidate variables, among clinical information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, present on admission CCI, and cancer stage were collected. Surgery status, intensive care in the intensive care unit, and CCI were selected as proxy variables among administrative data. In-hospital death was defined as the dependent variable, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The statistical performance of each model was compared using C-index values.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between variables in the administrative data and those in the medical records. The C-index of the existing model (Model 1) was 0.785; Model 2, which included all clinical data, had a higher C-index of 0.857. In Model 4, in which APACHE II and SAPS 3 were replaced with variables recorded in the administrative data from Model 2, the C-index further increased to 0.863.
Conclusion
The HSMR assessment model improved when clinical data were adjusted. Simultaneously, the validity of the evaluation method could be secured even if some of the clinical information was replaced with the information in the administrative data.
7.Diabetes Is Positively Associated With High Risk of Depression in Korean Cervical Cancer Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2021
Seon-Mi LEE ; Daun SHIN ; Aeran SEOL ; Sanghoon LEE ; Hyun-Woong CHO ; Kyung-Jin MIN ; Jin-Hwa HONG ; Jae-Kwan LEE ; Nak-Woo LEE ; Jae-Yun SONG ; Won Jun CHOI
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(1):57-65
Objective:
Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between high risk of depression and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Korean cervical cancer patients.
Methods:
A total of 330 women with cervical cancer were included in this study, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. Participants were categorized into two groups—high risk of depression and non-depression—based on their answers to survey items related to depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of metabolic diseases on high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Results:
A total of 78 (23.64%) and 252 (76.36%) women were classified into the high risk of depression and non-depression groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, menopausal status, and smoking status, diabetes was associated with an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.205, 5.071) for high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. However, among the metabolic diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not associated with high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggests that diabetes may be associated with a increased risk of high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. Therefore, appropriate treatment of diabetes in cervical cancer patients may contribute to lowering the risk of depression in the future.
8.Development and Application of New Risk-Adjustment Models to Improve the Current Model for Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio in South Korea
Hyeki PARK ; Ji-Sook CHOI ; Min Sun SHIN ; Soomin KIM ; Hyekyoung KIM ; Nahyeong IM ; Soon Joo PARK ; Donggyo SHIN ; Youngmi SONG ; Yunjung CHO ; Hyunmi JOO ; Hyeryeon HONG ; Yong-Hwa HWANG ; Choon-Seon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):179-186
Purpose:
This study assessed the validity of the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) risk-adjusted model by comparing models that include clinical information and the current model based on administrative information in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
The data of 53976 inpatients were analyzed. The current HSMR risk-adjusted model (Model 1) adjusts for sex, age, health coverage, emergency hospitalization status, main diagnosis, surgery status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using administrative data. As candidate variables, among clinical information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, present on admission CCI, and cancer stage were collected. Surgery status, intensive care in the intensive care unit, and CCI were selected as proxy variables among administrative data. In-hospital death was defined as the dependent variable, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The statistical performance of each model was compared using C-index values.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between variables in the administrative data and those in the medical records. The C-index of the existing model (Model 1) was 0.785; Model 2, which included all clinical data, had a higher C-index of 0.857. In Model 4, in which APACHE II and SAPS 3 were replaced with variables recorded in the administrative data from Model 2, the C-index further increased to 0.863.
Conclusion
The HSMR assessment model improved when clinical data were adjusted. Simultaneously, the validity of the evaluation method could be secured even if some of the clinical information was replaced with the information in the administrative data.
9.Diabetes Is Positively Associated With High Risk of Depression in Korean Cervical Cancer Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2021
Seon-Mi LEE ; Daun SHIN ; Aeran SEOL ; Sanghoon LEE ; Hyun-Woong CHO ; Kyung-Jin MIN ; Jin-Hwa HONG ; Jae-Kwan LEE ; Nak-Woo LEE ; Jae-Yun SONG ; Won Jun CHOI
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(1):57-65
Objective:
Objective of this study is to evaluate the association between high risk of depression and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Korean cervical cancer patients.
Methods:
A total of 330 women with cervical cancer were included in this study, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. Participants were categorized into two groups—high risk of depression and non-depression—based on their answers to survey items related to depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of metabolic diseases on high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Results:
A total of 78 (23.64%) and 252 (76.36%) women were classified into the high risk of depression and non-depression groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, menopausal status, and smoking status, diabetes was associated with an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.205, 5.071) for high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. However, among the metabolic diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not associated with high risk of depression in patients with cervical cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggests that diabetes may be associated with a increased risk of high risk of depression in cervical cancer patients. Therefore, appropriate treatment of diabetes in cervical cancer patients may contribute to lowering the risk of depression in the future.
10.Development and Application of New Risk-Adjustment Models to Improve the Current Model for Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio in South Korea
Hyeki PARK ; Ji-Sook CHOI ; Min Sun SHIN ; Soomin KIM ; Hyekyoung KIM ; Nahyeong IM ; Soon Joo PARK ; Donggyo SHIN ; Youngmi SONG ; Yunjung CHO ; Hyunmi JOO ; Hyeryeon HONG ; Yong-Hwa HWANG ; Choon-Seon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):179-186
Purpose:
This study assessed the validity of the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) risk-adjusted model by comparing models that include clinical information and the current model based on administrative information in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
The data of 53976 inpatients were analyzed. The current HSMR risk-adjusted model (Model 1) adjusts for sex, age, health coverage, emergency hospitalization status, main diagnosis, surgery status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using administrative data. As candidate variables, among clinical information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3, present on admission CCI, and cancer stage were collected. Surgery status, intensive care in the intensive care unit, and CCI were selected as proxy variables among administrative data. In-hospital death was defined as the dependent variable, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The statistical performance of each model was compared using C-index values.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between variables in the administrative data and those in the medical records. The C-index of the existing model (Model 1) was 0.785; Model 2, which included all clinical data, had a higher C-index of 0.857. In Model 4, in which APACHE II and SAPS 3 were replaced with variables recorded in the administrative data from Model 2, the C-index further increased to 0.863.
Conclusion
The HSMR assessment model improved when clinical data were adjusted. Simultaneously, the validity of the evaluation method could be secured even if some of the clinical information was replaced with the information in the administrative data.

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