Partially edentulous patients with a crossed occlusion have poor denture support, retention, and stability. Moreover, residual abutments showed a poor prognosis due to denture rotation. The use of a conical double crown removable partial denture to establish proper horizontal and vertical interocclusal relationships, it can establish a stable occlusal plane and occlusal contacts providing a sufficient restorative space and a favorable functional and aesthetic outcome. In this case, a patient with an anteriorposterior crossed occlusion with mandibular prognathism and no occluding teeth in habitual centric position was treated with a conical double crown removable partial denture. After diagnostic cast analysis and digital diagnosis, provisional prosthesis templates were fabricated. It was possible to intuitive and appropriate vertical dimension determination and esthetic evaluation were performed. Definitive prosthesis with proper function and aesthetics can be fabricated by the digital and conventional treatment process.

Partially edentulous patients with a crossed occlusion have poor denture support, retention, and stability. Moreover, residual abutments showed a poor prognosis due to denture rotation. The use of a conical double crown removable partial denture to establish proper horizontal and vertical interocclusal relationships, it can establish a stable occlusal plane and occlusal contacts providing a sufficient restorative space and a favorable functional and aesthetic outcome. In this case, a patient with an anteriorposterior crossed occlusion with mandibular prognathism and no occluding teeth in habitual centric position was treated with a conical double crown removable partial denture. After diagnostic cast analysis and digital diagnosis, provisional prosthesis templates were fabricated. It was possible to intuitive and appropriate vertical dimension determination and esthetic evaluation were performed. Definitive prosthesis with proper function and aesthetics can be fabricated by the digital and conventional treatment process.

Partially edentulous patients with a crossed occlusion have poor denture support, retention, and stability. Moreover, residual abutments showed a poor prognosis due to denture rotation. The use of a conical double crown removable partial denture to establish proper horizontal and vertical interocclusal relationships, it can establish a stable occlusal plane and occlusal contacts providing a sufficient restorative space and a favorable functional and aesthetic outcome. In this case, a patient with an anteriorposterior crossed occlusion with mandibular prognathism and no occluding teeth in habitual centric position was treated with a conical double crown removable partial denture. After diagnostic cast analysis and digital diagnosis, provisional prosthesis templates were fabricated. It was possible to intuitive and appropriate vertical dimension determination and esthetic evaluation were performed. Definitive prosthesis with proper function and aesthetics can be fabricated by the digital and conventional treatment process.

Background: Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins are sequencespecific RNA-binding proteins that control translation via cytoplasmic polyadenylation. We previously reported that CPEB1 or CPEB4 knockdown suppresses TAK1 and SMAD signaling in an in vitro study. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether suppression of CPEB1 or CPEB4 expression inhibits scar formation in a mice model of acute dermal wound healing. Methods: CPEB1 and CPEB4 expression levels were suppressed by siRNA treatment. Skin wounds were created by pressure-induced ulcers in mice. Images of the wound healing were obtained using a digital camera and contraction was measured by ImageJ. mRNA and protein expression was analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results: Wound contraction was significantly decreased by pre-treatment with CPEB1 or CPEB4 siRNA compared to the control. Suppression of CPEB1 or CPEB4 expression decreased TAK1 signaling by reducing the levels of TLR4 and TNF-α, phosphorylated TAK1, p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB-p65. Decreased levels of phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 indicated a reduction in SMAD signaling as well. Consequently, the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and type I collagen decreased. Conclusion CPEB1 siRNA or CPEB4 siRNA inhibit scar formation by modulating the TAK1 and SMAD signaling pathways. Our study highlights CPEB1 and CPEB4 as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of scar formation.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat in postoperative colon cancer patients. Methods: A total of 40 participants with colon cancer who underwent colon cancer operation over 2hours were included from C University hospital in Seoul. The number of experimental group and control group is each 20 calculated by G*Power, and they were assigned by using nonequivalent control group no-synchronized design. In the experimental group, a warm scarf was applied to the neck for 120 minutes from entering the recovery room after the colorectal cancer surgery was completed. In the experimental group and the control group, xerostomia and sore throat were measured twice at 60-minute intervals. The degree of xerostomia was measured through the degree of wetness of the absorbent paper in mm, and the degree of sore throat was measured through the NRS (Numeral Rating Scale). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from August 2018 to September 2020 and were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 Descriptive statistics, x2 test, Fisher's exact test, t-test were used to determine the participant's characteristics. The effect of warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat were separately estimated by Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed significant decrease of xerostomia and sore throat as time goes (p<.001). Conclusion Results indicate that warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat in postoperative colon cancer patients is helpful method for relieving side effect of tracheal intubation.

Background/Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the different degrees of pneumonia severity in patients with COVID-19 remain elusive. This study provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with eosinophil-mediated inflammation. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of three patients with laboratory and radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Chosun University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data on inflammatory cell lung infiltration and cytokine levels in patients with COVID-19 were collected. Results: Cytological analysis of sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from all three patients revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), such as eosinophils and neutrophils. All sputum and BALF specimens contained high levels of eosinophil cationic proteins. The infiltration of PMNs into the lungs, together with elevated levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells in BALF and peripheral blood samples from patients with severe pneumonia in the acute phase was confirmed by flow cytometry. Conclusions These results suggest that the lungs of COVID-19 patients can exhibit eosinophil-mediated inflammation, together with an elevated NKT cell response, which is associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background: Although respiratory tract infection is one of the most important factors triggering acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), limited data are available to suggest an epidemiologic pattern of microbiology in South Korea. Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 across 28 hospitals in South Korea. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbations of COPD were eligible to participate in the present study. The participants underwent all conventional tests to identify etiology of microbial pathogenesis. The primary outcome was the percentage of different microbiological pathogens causing AE-COPD. A comparative microbiological analysis of the patients with overlapping asthma–COPD (ACO) and pure COPD was performed. Results: We included 1,186 patients with AE-COPD. Patients with pure COPD constituted 87.9% and those with ACO accounted for 12.1%. Nearly half of the patients used an inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimen and one-fifth used systemic corticosteroids. Respiratory pathogens were found in 55.3% of all such patients. Bacteria and viruses were detected in 33% and 33.2%, respectively. Bacterial and viral coinfections were found in 10.9%. The most frequently detected bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), and the most frequently detected virus was influenza A (10.4%). Multiple bacterial infections were more likely to appear in ACO than in pure COPD (8.3% vs. 3.6%, p=0.016). Conclusion Distinct microbiological patterns were identified in patients with moderate-to-severe AE-COPD in South Korea. These findings may improve evidence-based management of patients with AE-COPD and represent the basis for further studies investigating infectious pathogens in patients with COPD.

Purpose: To report a case of transient cortical blindness following cervical transforaminal epidural injection.Case summary: A 58-year-old diabetic and hypertensive male was referred to the ophthalmology department with sudden-onset bilateral visual disturbances after cervical transforaminal epidural injection for neck pain. During the procedure, an intravascular contrast medium was injected into the left vertebral artery. Immediately after the injection, the patient complained of bilateral visual disturbances, mild headache, and dizziness. Twelve hours after the procedure, his visual acuity was reduced to hand motion perception in both eyes. Anterior segment and fundus examinations were unremarkable. Pupillary light reflexes and extraocular muscle movements were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and fluorescein angiography showed no significant findings. There were no other neurological abnormalities. The patient was treated conservatively with intravenous dexamethasone and nimodipine based on a provisional diagnosis of transient cortical blindness. The symptoms gradually improved 2 days after the procedure; visual acuity recovered to 20/20 by the third day. Conclusions Although contrast-induced transient cortical blindness is rare, it should be considered in patients with bilateral visual loss after transforaminal epidural injection. It is a benign and reversible condition but requires a prompt diagnosis.

Open bite is accompanied by decrease in tooth contact and overbite, and causes collapse of occlusal plane, mastication difficulties, speech disorders, changes in appearance, and lower occlusal force than normal. Open bite caused by temporomandibular joint disorder in adults with complete occlusion must be corrected after removal or stabilization of the causative factors. Orthodontic treatment, occlusal adjustment, prosthetic treatment, and surgical treatment can be the option of occlusal correction. This report describes about estimating the cause of occlusion change in two patients who developed an open bite due to mandibular displacement in adults with complete occlusion and different treatment approaches accordingly. In one patient, satisfactory result was obtained in functional and esthetic aspects through occlusal adjustment after stabilization of the temporomandibular joint.

Objective: To investigate the effect of low frequency cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on balance impairment in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: Thirty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups: rTMS group (n=16) and control (n=16). In the rTMS group, treatment was performed five times per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions), and in the control group, a sham coil was used with the sound and sensation of scalp similar to the rTMS coil. Patients in both groups underwent a conventional rehabilitation program. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used as the primary outcome measurement. Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m walk test (10mWT), and Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) were used as the secondary outcome measurement. All scales were measured at baseline (T0), after 10 sessions of rTMS (T1), and at 4 weeks after treatment completion (T2) by therapists with over 5 years of clinical experience. Results: There were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for all assessed items in the rTMS group. Whereas there were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for the BBS and 10mWT in the control group. TUG (-4.87±5.05 vs. -0.50±2.97 seconds) and ABC score (8.10±8.33 vs. 0.16±0.97) were observed significant differences in comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 between the two group. BBS score (4.40±3.66 vs. 1.88±3.14), TUG (-4.87±4.56 vs. -0.62±2.96 seconds) and ABC score (8.22±7.70 vs. -0.09±0.86) differed significantly from T0 to T2 between the two groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that low-frequency cerebellar rTMS is helpful for improving balance in patients with cerebral infarction, and maybe a beneficial treatment for these patients.