Ischemic stroke （IS） is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high clinical incidence. Cerebral ischemia and hypoxia can induce metabolic reprogramming of cellular glycolysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） serves as the core transcription factor in the hypoxic response. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms of HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic reprogramming， elaborates on the effects of this metabolic alteration on the functional status of different immune cells， and summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） interventions in this pathological process. HIF-1α reshapes glucose metabolic flux and shifts cellular metabolism toward glycolysis by regulating the transcription of key genes， including glucose transporters， glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes， and mitochondrial oxidative inhibitors. This metabolic disturbance can regulate the activation status， phenotypic differentiation， and functional remodeling of microglia， astrocytes， and peripherally infiltrated immune cells， thereby participating in the mediation of neuroinflammatory responses after IS. Moreover， multiple signaling pathways and the metabolite of glycolysis lactate can exert feedback regulation on this metabolic-immune process. Various active components of TCM and herbal formulas， such as astragaloside Ⅳ， salvianolic acid C， Ginkgo biloba extract， and Mailuo shutong pills， can inhibit abnormal glycolysis， reduce lactate accumulation， and restore the homeostasis of glucose oxidative metabolism by regulating signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/HIF-1α， HIF-1α/pyruvate kinase M2， and HIF-1α/lactate dehydrogenase A. Consequently， they effectively alleviate neuroimmune inflammation and attenuate ischemic brain injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIR1)refers to the recovery of blood supply after cerebral ischemia,which leads to further damage and the dysfunction of brain tissue.Modern medicine has made some progress in the prevention and treatment of CIRI,but it still faces some challenges and limitations.Therefore,it is of great clinical value to find effective interventions to prevent and treat CIRI.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and its downstream proteins are important targets for the treatment of CIRI and play key roles in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis.Traditional Chinese medicine for CIRI has multi-target and multi-pathway activities and multiple effects.It can activate a cascade of reactions in the AMPK signaling pathway and can be used to treat CIRI by regulating autophagy,oxidative stress,inflammatory response,and apoptosis,and has achieved certain result.Therefore,this paper summarizes the structure and mechanisms of the AMPK-related signaling pathway,elaborates on its relationship with CIRI,and systematically summarizes the research status of traditional Chinese medicine's ability to regulate the AMPK signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of CIRI.This paper aims to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CIRI using traditional Chinese medicine and the development of new drugs.