Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

External apical root resorption is among the most common risks of orthodontic treatment, and it cannot be completely avoided and predicted. Risk factors causing orthodontic root resorption can generally be divided into patient- and treatment-related factors. Root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment is usually detected by radiographical examination. Mild or moderate root absorption usually does no obvious harm, but close attention is required. When severe root resorption occurs, it is generally recommended to suspend the treatment for 3 months for the cementum to be restored. To unify the risk factors of orthodontic root resorption and its clinical suggestions, we summarized the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of more than 20 authoritative experts in orthodontics and related fields in China. After discussion and summarization, this consensus was made to provide reference for orthodontic clinical practice.
Humans ; Tooth Movement Techniques/adverse effects* ; Root Resorption/etiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Cementum ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the clinical strategy and effect of soft tissue reconstruction after sacral tumor resection in different planes. Methods: The data of 27 consecutive patients who underwent primary or secondary sacral tumor resection and soft tissue reconstruction from June 2012 to June 2021 at Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University (the 909th Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 16 females, aged (M(IQR)) (46.2±23.6) years (range: 16 to 72 years). Sacrospinous muscle, gluteus maximus and vertical rectus abdominis muscle flap were selected for soft tissue reconstruction according to the tumor site and the size of tissue defect. the postoperative follow-up was performed. The operative methods, intraoperative conditions, complications and disease outcomes were summarized. Results: Among the 27 patients with sacral tumor, the tumor plane was located in S₁ in 8 cases, S₂ in 5 cases and S₃ or below in 14 cases. There were 12 patients with tumor volume≤400 cm³ and 15 patients with tumor volume>400 cm³. Operation time was 100(90) minutes (range: 70 to 610 minutes), intraoperative blood loss was 800(1 600) ml (range: 400 to 6 500 ml). Soft tissue reconstruction was performed by transabdominal rectus abdominis transfer repair in 2 cases, extraperitoneal rectus abdominis transfer repair in 1 case, gluteus maximus transfer repair in 5 cases, gluteus maximus advancement repair in 13 cases, and sacrospinous muscle transfer repair in 6 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases, including 1 case of incision infection, 4 cases of skin border necrosis, and 1 case of delayed infection due to fracture of internal fixator 3 years after operation, all of them were cured. The follow-up time was (35±21) months. Among the patients, 6 patients had recurrence, 2 patients with Ewing sarcoma died of lung metastasis 1 year after operation, 4 patients with metastatic cancer died of primary disease, and the remaining patients survived without disease. Conclusion: Choosing different soft tissue reconstruction strategies according to sacral tumor location and tissue defect size can effectively fill the dead space after sacral tumor resection, reduce postoperative complications and improve the prognosis of patients.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Postoperative Complications ; Neoplasms

Resection is one of the most important treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and routine postoperative follow-up is an effective method for early detection and treatment of recurrent metastases, which can improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. This consensus aims to provide a reference for colleagues responsible for postoperative follow-up of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China, and further improve the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective    To evaluate the safety, feasibility and short-term outcomes of single-direction gastric mobilization under 3D-laparoscopy in minimally invasive esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Methods    From February 2018 to December 2019, 118 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital were included. There were 94 males and 24 females with an average age of 53.7 (41–77) years. They were divided into two groups based on the methods of gastric mobilization: a traditional dissociation (TD) group (n=55) and a single-direction mobilization (MD) group (n=63). The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results    Enbloc resection and a negative resection margin were obtained in all patients. There was no postoperative mortality or incision complication. The rate of postoperative complications was 22.9%. There was no significant difference in the spleen injury, gastric injury, conversion to open surgery, abdominal reoperation as well as cervical anastomotic leakage between the two groups (P>0.05). It took significantly less time in the MD group compared with the TD group (P<0.05). There was an obvious statistical difference in the incidence of gastric mobilization related complications between the MD group (1.6%, 1/63) and TD group (12.7%, 7/55, P<0.05). Conclusion    Application of single-direction gastric mobilization under 3D-laparoscopy in minimally invasive esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal cancer is safe and easy to perform with a satisfactory short-term outcome.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical results of treatment of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures through modified Smith-Peterson(S-P) approach and modified Hardinge approach.

METHODSFrom July 2005 to July 2014, 42 patients with Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures were treated with operation. A total of 23 patients in anterior group was treated with modified S-P approach including 17 males and 6 females with an average age of (29.3±9.4) years old, 5 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 3 cases of type I and 15 cases of type II cases by fixation of the fragement. While a total of 19 patients in the lateral group was treated with modified Hardinge approach including 15 males and 4 females with an average age of (31.4±10.0) years old, 3 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 4 cases of type I and 12 cases of type II by fixation of the fragement. Operative time, blood loss during operation and fracture healing time were observed and compared. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The effect of hip reduction time of less than 6 h, 6 to12 h, and more than 12 h, the effect of surgery time within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury were compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of(30.29±6.95) months. The operation time (61.96±12.22) min, blood loss (46.09±18.03) ml, and (74.74±10.06) min, blood loss (72.11±19.88) ml in lateral group in the anterior group were better than those of lateral group(<0.05). In anterior group, fracture healing time was(12.22±1.70) weeks, the results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case, the excellent and good rate was 78.3%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 8.69%(2/23), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 13.04%(3/23). While in lateral group, the fracture healing time was(12.42±1.95) weeks, the results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases, the excellent and good rate was 68.4%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 10.53%(2/19), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 5.26%(1/19). There was no significant difference in fracture healing time, postoperative effect and postoperative complications between the anterior group and lateral group(<0.05). The effect of patients with reduction time of hip dislocation less than 12 h was significantly better than that of more than 12 h, there was no significant difference in the effect between reduction time within 6 h and 6 to 12 h. There was no significant difference in the outcome between surgical patients within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury.

CONCLUSIONSDislocated hip of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures should be closed reduction within 6 h. If conditions are limited, the reduction time can be accepted within 12 h. Both of modified S-P approach and modified Hardinge approach are effective in treating Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures, and can obtain excellent outcomes. Moreover, modified S-P approach has advantage of less trauma, less blood loss, shorter operative time.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of snail control through soil pasting mixed with niclosamide.

METHODSFour sites were selected in different epidemic areas in Sichuan province. Soil pasting mixed with niclosamide was carried on, and the dosage was 0 g/m2, 4 g/m2, 6 g/m2, 8 g/m2 and 10 g/m2 respectively. The mortality rate of snail and the density of snail were observed after 7, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days.

RESULTSThe mortality rate of snail was more than 43.3% in blank group after 30 days. The mortality rate of snail was from 75.3% to 100.0% at 4 g/m2 group after 30 days. The mortality rate of snail in 4 g/m2 group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (chi2 = 31.27, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate of snail among all study groups (chi2 = 1.07, P > 0.05). The decrease rate of snail density was more than 90%. The mortality rate of snail was about 30% higher in Chantu group than Qutu group. The unit cost of Pasting-Mixing Drug with Soil was from 5 to 7 times of spray method, but the total cost was similar for the. two methods at the endpoint of the snail control.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of soil pasting mixed with niclosamide is good, and the dosage of 4-6 g/m2 is suggested in snail control.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization