Extensive studies have identified potential adverse effects on semen quality of obesity, based on body mass index, but the association between body fat distribution, a more relevant indicator for obesity, and semen quality remains less clear. We conducted a longitudinal study of 4304 sperm donors from the Guangdong Provincial Human Sperm Bank (Guangzhou, China) during 2017-2021. A body composition analyzer was used to measure total and local body fat percentage for each participant. Generalized estimating equations were employed to assess the association between body fat percentage and sperm count, motility, and morphology. We estimated that each 10% increase in total body fat percentage (estimated change [95% confidence interval, 95% CI]) was significantly associated with a 0.18 × 10 6 (0.09 × 10 6 -0.27 × 10 6 ) ml and 12.21 × 10 6 (4.52 × 10 6 -19.91 × 10 6 ) reduction in semen volume and total sperm count, respectively. Categorical analyses and exposure-response curves showed that the association of body fat distribution with semen volume and total sperm count was stronger at higher body fat percentages. In addition, the association still held among normal weight and overweight participants. We observed similar associations for upper limb, trunk, and lower limb body fact distributions. In conclusion, we found that a higher body fat distribution was significantly associated with lower semen quality (especially semen volume) even in men with a normal weight. These findings provide useful clues in exploring body fat as a risk factor for semen quality decline and add to evidence for improving semen quality for those who are expected to conceive.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Semen Analysis ; China ; Body Fat Distribution ; Longitudinal Studies ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Body Mass Index ; Tissue Donors ; Obesity/complications* ; Spermatozoa ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; East Asian People

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training under the guidance of Chinese medicine-enhanced recovery after surgery(CMERAS)in postoperative rehabilitation of tibial plateau fracture.Methods Sixty patients with tibial plateau fracture in postoperative rehabilitation period were randomly divided into observation group and control group,30 cases in each group.The control group was given routine postoperative rehabilitation training,and the observation group was treated with combined acupuncture treatment on the basis of the rehabilitation training of the control group.Both groups were treated for 3 consecutive months.After 3 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of pain were observed before and after treatment,and the changes in the knee scores of the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score(HSS)of the United States were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.As well as the time of fracture healing on the operative side of the two groups of patients,and the fracture healing rate within 3 months of the two groups of patients were compared.Results(1)After 1 week,1 month and 3 months of postoperative treatment,the VAS scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved compared with the pre-treatment period(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the VAS scores,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the HSS scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the HSS scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After 3 months of treatment,the fracture healing rate was 56.67%(17/30)in the observation group and 30.00%(9/30)in the control group.The fracture healing rate of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After 3 months of acupuncture treatment,the total effective rate was 96.67%(29/30)in the observation group and 73.33%(22/30)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of acupuncture in postoperative rehabilitation of tibial plateau fractures under the guidance of CMERAS is significant,which reduces the clinical symptom of postoperative pain of the patients,shortens the healing time of fracture breaks,and significantly improves the patients'knee joint function.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Gasdermin B(GSDMB)regulating the fate of intestinal epithelial cells.Methods The human GSDMB plasmid was overexpressed into two human intestinal epithelial cell lines(NCM460 and HT-29 cells)and human colon-derived organoids.Western blotting was used to confirm the efficiency of electroporation.Cell counting kit(CCK8),cell apoptosis,and cell cycle by flow cytometry were performed to analyze the effect of GSDMB overexpression on cell function.Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the downstream effector molecules of GSDMB.T test was used to compare the data between the two groups.Results The overexpression of GSDMB protein in the two intestinal epithelial cell lines was successfully reconstructed.The absorbance value(A)of human intestinal epithelial cells overexpressing GSDMB protein[NCM460 cells:(1.17±0.01),HT-29 cells:(0.96±0.06)]was significantly lower than that of blank control cells[NCM460 cells:(1.67±0.12),HT-29 cells:(1.24±0.07)](t=7.24 and 5.46,P＜0.05).The number of apoptotic cells in the GSDMB overexpression group[NCM460 cells:(12.03±1.55),HT-29 cells:(29.30±4.48)]was significantly higher than that in the blank group[NCM460 cells:(4.96±1.74),HT-29 cells:(6.95±3.42)](t=5.26 and 6.97,P＜0.05).Cell cycle analysis showed that the ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase in the GSDMB overexpression group[NCM460 cells:(47.98±5.28)％,HT-29 cells:(38.04±3.45)％]was significantly lower than that in the control group[NCM460 cells:(59.54±3.90)％,HT-29 cells:(63.81±1.76)％](t=3.05 and 11.53,P＜0.05).Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the dual specificity phosphatase 4 and 6(DUSP4 and DUSP6)genes were significantly upregulated after GSDMB protein expression.Fluorescence quantitative PCR results confirmed that the relative expression levels of DUSP4(2.45±0.15)and DUSP6(4.34±0.22)in intestinal epithelial cells transfected with GSDMB were significantly higher than those in the control group(1.06±0.05 and 1.01±0.02)(t=15.08 and 26.52,P＜0.05).After GSDMB-expressing NCM460 cells were treated with the DUSP inhibitor BCI,the BCI treatment group had a significantly increased expression level of p-ERK compared to the control group[(1.14±0.17)vs.(0.58±0.12)](t=5.42,P=0.002);the A value(1.84±0.07)and G0/G1 phase ratio(59.83±2.17)％in the BCI treatment group were significantly higher than those in the non-treatment group[(1.52±0.10)and(52.10±2.23)％],and the number of apoptosis in the BCI treated group(7.60±0.56)was significantly lower than that in the untreated group(12.57±1.00)(t=4.71,4.31,7.52,P＜0.05).TUNEL staining in human colon organoids showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells,and the relative expression level of DUSP6 protein(0.85±0.09)was significantly higher than that of the control group(0.21±0.04),accompanied by a decrease in p-ERK levels[(0.83±0.18)vs.(0.19±0.06)],with statistical significance(t=11.95,P＜0.001;t=6.56,P＜0.001).Conclusion GSDMB may inhibit cell proliferation,induce cell cycle arrest,and promote apoptosis by upregulating dual specificity phosphatase DUSP6-mediated ERK phosphorylation,thus affecting the fate of intestinal epithelial cells.

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is caused by a chronic immune response that destroys islet beta cells， resulting in elevated blood glucose. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent and treat the development of diabetes and its complications. However， little is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells （GMSCs） in preventing diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of GMSCs in preventing type 1 diabetes in mice and to find targets for clinical treatment of diabetes. MethodsWe injected human GMSCs into NOD mice to observe the trend of blood glucose， observed the survival of pancreatic β-cells by immunohistochemistry， and detected the change of immune cells in the spleen of mice by flow analysis. Finally， the immune cells in NOD mice were transfused into NOD-SCID mice to observe the onset of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ResultsGMSCs significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice， with 64% of control mice developing diabetes at 27 weeks of age compared with 35% in the GMSC group， P=0.013. The percentage of Follicular B cells（FO B cell） in the spleen of GMSCs-treated mice decreased from （52.2±4.1）% to （43.2±5.3）%， P=0.008， while other types of immune cells did not change significantly. The immunohistochemical results showed that GMSCs could effectively improve the survival of pancreatic β-cells， which could continuously produce insulin to control blood glucose. Finally， we found the spleen cells transfusion could prevent the development of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ConclusionGMSCs can reduce diabetes in mice by reducing FO B cells in the spleen.

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care