BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall. RESULTS: Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants. CONCLUSION Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall. RESULTS: Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants. CONCLUSION Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall. RESULTS: Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants. CONCLUSION Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall. RESULTS: Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants. CONCLUSION Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall. RESULTS: Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants. CONCLUSION Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Background/Aims: We aim to evaluate the differences in the microbiome of responders and non-responders, as well as predict the response to probiotic therapy, based on fecal microbiome data in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: A multi-strain probiotics that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus (KCTC 11906BP), Lactobacillus plantarum (KCTC11867BP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KCTC 11868BP), Bifidobacterium breve (KCTC 11858BP), Bifidobacterium lactis (KCTC 11903BP), Bifidobacterium longum (KCTC 11860BP), and Streptococcus thermophilus (KCTC 11870BP) were used. Patients were categorized into probiotic and placebo groups, and fecal samples were collected from all patients before and at the end of 8 weeks of treatment. The probiotic group was further divided into responders and non-responders. Responders were defined as patients who experienced adequate relief of overall irritable bowel syndrome symptoms after probiotic therapy. Fecal microbiota were investigated using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using the EzBioCloud 16S database and microbiome pipeline (https://www.EZbiocloud.net). Results: There was no significant difference in the alpha and beta diversity between the responder and non-responder groups. The abundances of the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Bacteroides significantly decreased after probiotic treatment. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus faecium showed a significantly higher abundance in the probiotic group after treatment compared to the placebo group. Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis were identified as biomarkers of non-response to probiotics. The abundance of Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans significantly increased in the responders after treatment. Conclusions Probiotic treatment changes some composition of fecal bacteria in patients with IBS-D. E. faecalis and L. lactis may be prediction biomarkers for non-response to probiotics. Increased abundance of F. sccharivorans is correlated to symptom improvement by probiotics in patients with IBS-D.