Objective To observe the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)in two-year post-operative follow-up for primary open-angle glaucoma patients with modified CO
Carbon Dioxide ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery* ; Humans ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Sclera/diagnostic imaging* ; Treatment Outcome

The effect of parasitic ions on the results of ultraviolet A (UVA) cross-linking in iontophoresis was still not clear. In this work, the porcine sclera was cross-linked by riboflavin lactate Ringer's solution (group A) and riboflavin normal saline (group B)
Animals ; Collagen ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Ions ; Iontophoresis ; Permeability ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Riboflavin ; Sclera ; Swine ; Ultraviolet Rays

China is the country with high incidence of high myopia in the world. High myopia can cause severe vision impairment. So far, there is no effective treatment for high myopia in clinic. Scleral collagen cross-linking surgery has been proven to be effective in preventing animal eye axial elongation
Animals ; Collagen ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Finite Element Analysis ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Riboflavin ; Sclera

PURPOSE: To report a patient stung by a bee, who was diagnosed with sterile endopthalmitis and another patient diagnosed with optic neuritis, with decreasing visual acuity, after refined bee venom injection around the orbital tissue. CASE SUMMARY: A 82-year-old female visited our hospital for decreased visual acuity in the right eye and ocular pain due to a bee sting. The bee sting penetrated the sclera into the vitreous. In the anterior segment, severe cornea edema and anterior chamber cells were seen. Using ultrasonography, inflammation was seen around the intravitreal area. After 3 months, intravitreal inflammation regressed but the patient's visual acuity was light perception negative, and corneal opacity, neovascularization, and phthisis bulbi were detected. A 55-year-old male visited our hospital for ocular pain in the right eye and decreasing visual acuity after refined bee venom injection around the orbital tissue. The best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 15/100, there was moderate injection on the conjunctiva. A relative afferent pupillary defect, abnormal color vision test results, and a defect in the visual field test were observed. There was no pain during external ocular movement, and other general blood tests, and a brain MRI were normal. Based on these symptoms, methylprednisolone megatherapy was started for treatment of optic neuritis. After treatment, visual acuity of the right eye was 9/10 and all other clinical optic neuritis symptoms regressed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these two cases, ocular toxicity from bee venom could result from both direct and indirect courses. Treatment using refined bee venom might be harmful, and caution is recommended in its use.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber ; Bee Venoms ; Bees ; Bites and Stings ; Brain ; Color Vision ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Edema ; Female ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Middle Aged ; Optic Neuritis ; Orbit ; Pupil Disorders ; Sclera ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

No abstract available.
Ochronosis ; Sclera

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for examining horizontal extraocular muscle thickness, distance from the corneal limbus to the insertion of the horizontal extraocular muscle (limbus to insertion distance), and scleral thickness in Korean pediatric strabismus patients. METHODS: This study included pediatric strabismus patients between 5 and 10 years of age. Children with any ocular disease other than strabismus or a history of ocular surgery were excluded. SS-OCT was used to measure horizontal extraocular muscle thickness, limbus to insertion distance, and scleral thickness. Eyes were classified into subgroups by sex, spherical equivalent of the refractive error (measured with cycloplegic refraction), and fixating/deviating eye. RESULTS: One patient initially included in this study was excluded due to poor cooperation. Of the remaining 35 eyes of 20 patients, 19 eyes (54.3%) were from male patients and 16 eyes (45.7%) were from female patients. The mean patient age was 7.86 ± 1.38 years. Lateral scleral thickness was greater in male eyes than in female eyes (p = 0.048). No other differences were noted between male and female children. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences between fixating and deviating eyes or among spherical equivalent groups for any parameter examined. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior segment SS-OCT can successfully and comfortably measure horizontal extraocular muscle and scleral anatomy in children. These measurements may be helpful for treatment and follow-up of pediatric strabismus patients.
Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Limbus Corneae ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles ; Refractive Errors ; Sclera ; Strabismus ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

A 5-year-old intact female Persian cat was referred with anorexia and vomiting. Physical examination revealed icterus in the pinna, oral mucosa, and sclera. Ultrasonography revealed several findings including uniformly hyperechoic hepatic parenchyma compared to adjacent falciform fat, increased attenuation of the ultrasound beam, and poor visualization of intrahepatic vessel borders. Computed tomography revealed hypoattenuation of the hepatic parenchyma with a radiodensity value of
Animals ; Anorexia ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Lipidoses ; Mouth Mucosa ; Physical Examination ; Sclera ; Ultrasonography ; Vomiting

A 2-year-old, spayed female, Korean domestic short-hair cat was presented with depression and vomiting. The patient had history of weight loss lasting seven months. Physical examination revealed icterus in the pinna, oral mucosa, and sclera. Based on ultrasonography and computed tomography, tentative diagnosis was extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction with acquired portosystemic shunt (PSS). Tumor or inflammation of hepatobiliary system was suspected as the cause of obstruction of the common bile duct. But it could not be determined without biopsy. The severely dilated cystic duct was considered to cause portal hypertension and secondary multiple PSS. The patient expired without histopathologic examination.
Animals ; Biliary Tract ; Biopsy ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic ; Common Bile Duct ; Cystic Duct ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Inflammation ; Jaundice ; Mouth Mucosa ; Physical Examination ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical ; Sclera ; Ultrasonography ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix of growth plate and cartilaginous tissues. Aggrecanopathy has been reported as a genetic cause not only for severe skeletal dysplasia but also for autosomal dominant short stature with normal to advanced bone age. We report a novel heterozygous mutation of ACAN in a Korean family with proportionate short stature identified through targeted exome sequencing. We present a girl of 4 years and 9 months with a family history of short stature over three generations. The paternal grandmother is 143 cm tall (−3.8 as a Korean standard deviation score [SDS]), the father 155 cm (−3.4 SDS), and the index case 96.2 cm (−2.9 SDS). Evaluation for short stature showed normal growth hormone (GH) peaks in the GH provocation test and a mild delayed bone age for chronological age. This subject had clinical characteristics including a triangular face, flat nasal bridge, prognathia, blue sclerae, and brittle teeth. The targeted exome sequencing was applied to detect autosomal dominant growth palate disorder. The novel variant c.910G>A (p.Asp304Asn) in ACAN was identified and this variant was found in the subject's father using Sanger sequencing. This is the first case of Korean familial short stature due to ACAN mutation. ACAN should be considered for proportionate idiopathic short stature, especially in cases of familial short stature.
Aggrecans ; Exome ; Extracellular Matrix ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Female ; Grandparents ; Growth Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Palate ; Proteoglycans ; Sclera ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To report ocular findings of a mucolipidosis type II patient with novel mutation. CASE SUMMARY: A 10-year-old boy visited our pediatric genetic metabolic clinic for evaluation of his overall developmental delay and short stature. The boy was diagnosed with mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease) using plasma enzyme assay and DNA sequencing of the GNPTAB gene mutation. An ophthalmologic investigation was then performed, and a depressed nasal bridge, broad nose, and swelling in the upper lid of both eyes were noted. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.32 and 0.1 and the intraocular pressure was 35 mmHg and 24 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. The anterior chamber angles of both eyes were normal and mild cornea opacity in both eyes was observed. Fundus examination revealed retinal atrophy with folds in both eyes, as well as optic disc edema and optic atrophy in the right and left eyes, respectively. Atherosclerotic changes in the retinal vessels and cystoid macular edema in the left eye were observed, and ocular ultrasound revealed increased posterior sclera thickness in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular manifestations of mucolipidosis type II are not currently well-known, and differentiation from other metabolic disorders may be difficult. An ophthalmic work-up can assist in diagnosis, and regular ophthalmic examinations should be used to maintain visual function in mucolipidosis patients.
Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Child ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Enzyme Assays ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Mucolipidoses* ; Nose ; Optic Atrophy ; Plasma ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Sclera ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity