Objective:To evaluate the application effect of a wearable visual field meter based on extended reality (XR) glasses for patients with macular disease.Methods:A self-controlled study was conducted.A total of 41 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with macular disease were recruited at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2022 to October 2024.All patients underwent 10-2 center visual field test using a self-developed wearable visual field meter (XRVF), and the results were compared with those obtained using a traditional Humphrey field analyzer (HFA).The comparison parameters included mean retinal sensitivity (MS), false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and testing duration.A subject satisfaction questionnaire was administered.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2024-K263), and all subjects signed the informed consent form.Results:The retinal sensitivity of patients measured by HFA was (23.24±3.71)dB, which was higher than (22.01±3.45)dB by XRVF, showing a statistically significant difference ( t=4.924, P=0.036).The FPR measured by HFA and XRVF were (2.39±2.51)% and (2.59±3.29)%, respectively, and the FNR were (3.49±6.05)% and (3.74±5.38)%, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( t=-3.624, P=0.948; t=-1.241, P=0.519).The median test duration for HFA and XRVF was 6.15 (5.78, 6.65) and 5.98 (5.71, 6.69)minutes, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( Z=-1.987, P=0.953).92.6% of the subjects thought the device was comfortable, simple and practical. Conclusions:The XRVF has good consistency with the HFA, can effectively and reliably evaluate the visual field function of patients with macular disease, and is easily accepted by patients.

Stellate multiform amelanotic choroidopathy (SMACH) is a rare choroidal disease that can cause persistent subretinal fluid (SRF). It is more common in young individuals, with a similar male-to-female ratio, it is most often unilateral, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. The pathogenesis of SMACH is not well understood, but it may be a form of congenital choroidal dysplasia. The progressive impact of the lesion on the choroidal capillaries and the retinal pigment epithelium may be the cause of SRF. Its characteristic multimodal imaging changes include optical coherence tomography showing hyperreflective fibrous-like changes located in the inner choroidal stroma. Typical finger-like projections arranged in a stellate configuration are best seen on near-infrared imaging, indocyanine green angiography, and en face optical coherence tomography. The lesion is stable, with no progressive changes, and is unresponsive to treatment. Clinicians have limited knowledge about SMACH, which can lead to patients undergoing unnecessary or inappropriate treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and recognize SMACH early in clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of a wearable visual field meter based on extended reality (XR) glasses for patients with macular disease.Methods:A self-controlled study was conducted.A total of 41 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with macular disease were recruited at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2022 to October 2024.All patients underwent 10-2 center visual field test using a self-developed wearable visual field meter (XRVF), and the results were compared with those obtained using a traditional Humphrey field analyzer (HFA).The comparison parameters included mean retinal sensitivity (MS), false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and testing duration.A subject satisfaction questionnaire was administered.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2024-K263), and all subjects signed the informed consent form.Results:The retinal sensitivity of patients measured by HFA was (23.24±3.71)dB, which was higher than (22.01±3.45)dB by XRVF, showing a statistically significant difference ( t=4.924, P=0.036).The FPR measured by HFA and XRVF were (2.39±2.51)% and (2.59±3.29)%, respectively, and the FNR were (3.49±6.05)% and (3.74±5.38)%, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( t=-3.624, P=0.948; t=-1.241, P=0.519).The median test duration for HFA and XRVF was 6.15 (5.78, 6.65) and 5.98 (5.71, 6.69)minutes, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( Z=-1.987, P=0.953).92.6% of the subjects thought the device was comfortable, simple and practical. Conclusions:The XRVF has good consistency with the HFA, can effectively and reliably evaluate the visual field function of patients with macular disease, and is easily accepted by patients.

Stellate multiform amelanotic choroidopathy (SMACH) is a rare choroidal disease that can cause persistent subretinal fluid (SRF). It is more common in young individuals, with a similar male-to-female ratio, it is most often unilateral, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. The pathogenesis of SMACH is not well understood, but it may be a form of congenital choroidal dysplasia. The progressive impact of the lesion on the choroidal capillaries and the retinal pigment epithelium may be the cause of SRF. Its characteristic multimodal imaging changes include optical coherence tomography showing hyperreflective fibrous-like changes located in the inner choroidal stroma. Typical finger-like projections arranged in a stellate configuration are best seen on near-infrared imaging, indocyanine green angiography, and en face optical coherence tomography. The lesion is stable, with no progressive changes, and is unresponsive to treatment. Clinicians have limited knowledge about SMACH, which can lead to patients undergoing unnecessary or inappropriate treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and recognize SMACH early in clinical practice.