PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of different batches of Saururus chinensis using different roasting temperature that were dried at different using different roasting temperatures and their were determined the antioxidative activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts. METHODS: Extracts were examined for the total phenolic acid content, the and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant properties, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTs scavenging activity and, the reducing power. RESULTS: Moisture content was significantly higher in the LSC and the crude ash content was significantly higher in the HSC. The crude protein content was higher in the LSC (although not significantly), and the crude fat and carbohydrate contents were higher in the HSC (although not significantly). The total phenolic content was lower in the samples extracted with water, but there was no significant difference. However, the extracts extracted with 70% ethanol at a high drying temperature were significantly higher. The low temperature and high drying temperature batches of Saururus chinensis were significantly higher in the samples extracted with 70% ethanol than those extracted with 70% ethanol. The total phenolic acid content, the total flavonoid content and the electron donating ability were highest in the ethanol extract of Saururuschinensis treated at a high temperature. However, the ABTs radical activity was highest in the water extracted, high-temperature treated Saururuschinensis. The 70% ethanol extract of high temperature roasted Saururuschinensis had the highest antioxidative activities of all the Saururuschinensis batches. CONCLUSION: The total phenolic acid contents, total flavonoid contents, electron donating activity and reducing power activity were highest in all the 70% ethanol extraction batches of the high-temperature treated samples.
Ethanol ; Flavonoids ; Phenol ; Saururaceae ; Water

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, mainly involving joints and bones. Sauchinone is an anti-inflammatory agent isolated from Saururus chinensis, which was used in oriental medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of sauchinone on inflammatory arthritis and underlying mechanism of anti-arthritic effect. METHODS: Mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was intraperitoneally injected with sauchinone (20 mg/kg) or vehicle. The clinical and histological evaluations were performed with arthritis scoring and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. CD4+ interleukin (IL) 17+ T cells were determined under Th17 skewing condition treated with sauchinone. To evaluate the effect of sauchinone on osteoclastogenesis, mice bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in the absence or presence of sauchinone. RESULTS: Sauchinone significantly attenuated the inflammatory arthritis in CIA mice both clinically and histologically. The proportion of Th17 cells were decreased with treatment with sauchinone in vivo and in vitro. The expressions of Th17 cell markers (IL-17 and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t) and B cell markers (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) were downregulated in the presence of sauchinone. Sauchinone also suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive cells from mice BMMs and human PBMCs, and the expression of osteoclastogenic markers. CONCLUSION: Sauchinone alleviates inflammatory arthritis in mice through inhibition of Th17 differentiation and osteoclastogenesis. Sauchinone, one of traditional herbal medicine, could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of RA.
Acid Phosphatase ; Animals ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Bone Marrow ; Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Collagen ; Cytidine ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukins ; Joints ; Macrophages ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Mice* ; Saururaceae ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th17 Cells ; Tretinoin

OBJECTIVETo seek effective drugs inhibiting herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) with the signal pathway required by virus replication as the target spot.

METHODHSV-2-induced Vero cytopathic effect was observed, and MTT method was adopted to detect call activity, in order to assess the antiviral capacity of freeze dried powder of aqueous extracts of Saururus chinensis (AESC). Western blot was used to check the effect of AESC on signal pathway induced by HSV-2 virus in HeLa cells.

RESULTAESC obviously inhibits the pathway activation of CPE induced by HSV-2 infection and NF-kappaB required for virus replication. The inhibition ratio of AESC freeze dried powder at 0.10, 0.03, 0.01 and 0.003 g x L(-1) were (70.68 +/- 3.39)%, (61.74 +/- 2.13)%, (39.31 +/- 1.10)% and (18.54 +/- 3.44)%, respectively. The IC50 was determined at (0.023 +/- 0.004) g x L(-1). The inhibition concentration of the positive control acyclovir was 0.001 g x L(-1) (5.0 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1)). The best administration time was from 2 h before infection to 6 h after infection. Western blot also showed that AESC can notably inhibit HSV-2-induced NF-kappaB nuclear transfer.

CONCLUSIONAESC can inhibit HSV-2 virus replication, which is related to the pathway activation of NF-kappaB required for virus replication.

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; HeLa Cells ; Herpesvirus 2, Human ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Saururaceae ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

BACKGROUND: Elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines cause hypotension during septic shock and induce capillary leakage in acute lung injury. Manassantin B has anti-inflammatory and anti-plasmoidal properties. This study examined the effects of manassantin B on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were incubated without or with (1, 3 and 10 microM) manassantin B and without or with (100 ng/ml) LPS. Manassantin B dissolved in phosphate buffered saline was added to the medium 1 h prior to the addition of LPS. The degree of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 MAPK, and the level of interleukin (IL)-1beta were determined 30 min and 24 h after the addition of LPS respectively. RESULTS: Manassantin B inhibited the production of IL-1beta and attenuated the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, but not that of JNK, in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. CONCLUSIONS: Manassantin B reduces LPS-induced IL-1beta expression through effects on ERK1/2- and p38 MAPK-mediated pathways. Manassantin B has potential as a potent anti-inflammatory drug for use in pathological processes such as sepsis or acute lung injury.
Acute Lung Injury ; Capillaries ; Cytokines ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Furans ; Hypotension ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukins ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Pathologic Processes ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; Saururaceae ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic

This study investigated the preventive effect of Saururus chinensis Baill against renal damage induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. The rats (n = 30) were fed either a cornstarch-based (65%), high-fructose (65%), or high-fructose (64.5%) diet with 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained and the animals were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Serum urea and creatinine and urine albumin were measured using colorimetric methods, and creatinine clearance was determined. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the kidney were determined. Kidney samples were also examined histologically. The fructose-fed rats showed renal dysfunction, indicated by decreased creatinine clearance, increased albumin in the urine, and increased urea and creatinine in the serum. These renal function parameters were comparable to control levels in rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Fructose consumption increased renal TBARS and reduced GSH and SOD activity, whereas these levels were near-normal in the rats consuming S. chinensis Baill. The kidneys of fructose-fed rats showed glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubule dilation. These pathological changes were not seen in the rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Therefore, S. chinensis Baill effectively alleviated fructose-induced renal damage in these rats, at least partially due to antioxidant activity.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Creatinine ; Diet ; Fructose ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Glutathione ; Kidney ; Rats ; Saururaceae ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Thiobarbiturates ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; Urea ; Urine Specimen Collection

To investigate the chlorogenic acids resources in Eucommia ulmoides Olive leaves, Lonicera japonica Thunb. leaves and Houttuynla cordata Thunb. leaves, methanolic extracts of these three materials have been analysed qualitatively for chlorogenic acids and their derivatives by structure-diagnostic LC-MSn. Three monocaffeoylquinic acids (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA) were detected. 5-CQA dominated this subgroup in Eucommia ulmoides Olive and Lonicera japonica Thunb. leaves, but 3-CQA and 4-CQA dominated this subgroup of chlorogenic acids in the leaves of Houttuynla cordata Thunb. Caffeoylquinic acid-glycosides were detected for the first time from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. 5-FQA was found in Lonicera japonica Thunb. leaves, and 3-FQA and 4-pCoQA have been identified in Houttuynla cordata Thunb. This is the first report of the chlorogenic acid profile in Houttuynla cordata Thunb. The comparatively unusual profile of caffeoylquinic acids in Houttuynla cordata Thunb. makes it a convenient source of 3-CQA and 4-CQA that are not commercially available.
Chlorogenic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saururaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

Saururus chinensis Baill was reported to inhibit alpha-glucosidase in vitro and flatten postprandial increase in blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We studied the effect of chronic consumption of S. chinensis Baill on blood glucose and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetic male rats fed high fat diet. Male rats weighing 100-120 g were fed 30% fat diet with and without 10% freeze-dried leaves of S. chinensis Baill for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. The rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) after 6-week feeding of the assigned diets. At 1 week after the injection, the rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose (380.2 +/- 14.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (93.9 +/- 7.9 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (123.6 +/- 7.5 mg/dL) of the S. chinensis Baill group were significantly lower than those of the control group (418.1 +/- 12.0 mg/dL, 119.9 +/- 9.4 mg/dL, 152.0 +/- 10.3 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.05). Chronic consumption of S. chinesis Baill significantly decreased maltase activity of the small intestinal mucosa (120.1 +/- 8.7 U/g protein) compared with the control group (96.8 +/- 7.0 U/g protein, p<0.05). These results suggest that S. chinensis Baill have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity in the animal model of diabetes mellitus.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Glucose ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; Saururaceae* ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides

Neuronal death is a common characteristic hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, there have been no effective drugs to successfully prevent neuronal death in those diseases, whereas oriental medicinal plants have to possess valuable therapeutic potentials to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, in an attempt to provide neuroprotective agents from natural plants, 80% methanol extracts of a wide range of medicinal plants, which are native to Jeju Island in Korea, were prepared and their protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death were examined. Among those tested, extracts from Smilax china and Saururus chinesis significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death. The extracts attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, plant extracts restored H2O2-induced depletion of intracellular glutathione, a major endogenous antioxidant. The data suggest that Jeju native medicinal plants could potentially be used as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated.
Alzheimer Disease ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; China ; Glutathione ; Humans* ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydrogen* ; Korea ; Methanol* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease ; Plant Extracts ; Plants, Medicinal ; Saururaceae ; Smilax

Exfoliative dermatitis is caused by various etiologic factors including preceding dermatosis, drug-use, malignancy-related reasons and idiopathies. We present an exfoliative dermatitis caused by topical application of the herbal extract, Saururus chinesis baill. Saururus chinesis bail has been used traditionally as a folk remedy for various kinds of dermatoses in Korea. Therefore, the public should be warned of indiscreetly-used, natural, but not purified, herbal products.
Dermatitis, Exfoliative* ; Korea ; Medicine, Traditional ; Saururaceae* ; Skin Diseases

OBJECTIVETo study optimum inclusion conditions for volatile oil from three medicinal slices in Xiongdan Xiaoyan capsules.

METHODSaturated water solution method (agitation method), ultrasonic method and rubbing method were studied and compared. The preparation conditions of ultrasonic method were investigated by the orthogonal test.

RESULTThe optimum inclusion conditions of ultrasonic method were established.

CONCLUSIONThe ultrasonic method can be used for production of inclusion complex in the factory with high inclusion rate and was effectiveness.

Angelica ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Mentha ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saururaceae ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Ultrasonics ; beta-Cyclodextrins