Endometrial cancer(EC)is one of the common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system,and the conventional treatment methods including surgery and radiochemotherapy have a limited therapeutic effect.CD8+T cells are the main effector cells in tumor microenvironment(TME)and are also the main target cells for immunotherapy that have emerged in recent years.This article briefly elaborates on the cytotoxic effect of CD8+T cells in TME through the three pathways of the perforin-granzyme pathway,the FAS pathway,and the secretion of cytokines,and the changes in the peripheral environment of patients with EC may affect the functions of CD8+T cells.This article also summarizes the application of CD8+T cells as the targets for EC treatment,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a common hereditary tumor syndrome. Gynecological malignancy is usually the first tumor of LS in women, and endometrial cancer (EC) is the most closely associated with LS. Most patients with LS are unaware of this risk, and it is possible to cause misdiagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis helps patients to start tumor surveillance timely, as well as a cascade of family surveillance. This paper reviews the progress of LS associated with EC.

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between the level of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)/α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC) and the utilization rate of mechanical ventilation (MV) in critically ill patients. 【Methods】 For the cross-sectional study, adult patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for one day or longer and had a record of the first four tests for thrombosis were enrolled. Age, gender, the results of TAT and PIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation score, treatment, and diagnostic information were retrospectively collected from the hospital information system and laboratory information system. Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between TAT/PIC and the MV utilization rate. Interaction analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore whether there was any difference between patients with different age and gender, patients with/without DIC, and with/without infection. 【Results】 A total of 1 176 patients were enrolled in this study. The median of the first TAT/PIC was 15.84 (8.13-33.11) in all the patients. The multivariable Logistic regression model results showed that for every 5 increase in TAT/PIC, the possibility of using MV increased by 2.9% (OR=1.029, 95% CI: 1.008-1.050), and the possibility of using MV in Q3 patients was 1.566 times than that in Q1 patients (OR=1.566, 95% CI: 1.095-2.239); the possibility of using MV in Q4 patients was 2.457 times than that in Q1 patients (OR=2.457, 95% CI: 1.694-3.563). Interaction results showed that the relationship between the level of TAT/PIC and MV usage was different in patients with and without infection (Pinteraction=0.02). Further subgroup analysis showed that in the infected patients (674 cases), the possibility of using MV increased by 5.9% for every 5 increase in TAT/PIC (OR=1.059, 95% CI: 1.022-1.097, P=0.001), while there was no significant difference between different TAT/PIC and MV usage in non-infected patients (502 cases) (OR=1.012, 95% CI: 0.984-1.040, P=0.405). 【Conclusion】 There is a correlation between the level of TAT/PIC and mechanical ventilation in patients with infection in the ICU.

Objective To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) CXCR4 gene on proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors including Twist, Slug and E-cadherin (E-cad)in HeLa cells of human cervical carcinoma.Methods HeLa cells were cultured in vitro and CXCR4-siRNA was transfected into HeLa cells. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the changes of cell proliferation. Transwell experiment was used to observe the changes of cell invasion, and the expressions of CXCR4,Twist,Slug and E-cad protein were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group,CXCR4-siRNA transfected into HeLa cells significantly inhibited the expression of CXCR4 protein (0.959±0.197, 0.932±0.141 vs. 0.379±0.022 respectively; F=16.286, P =0.004). MTT results showed that the proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (48 h: 0.846 ± 0.034, 0.823 ± 0.025 vs. 0.744 ± 0.039, F = 7.379, P= 0.024; 72 h: 0.996±0.026, 0.964± 0.059 vs. 0.829±0.051, F = 10.425, P= 0.011). Transwell results showed that the invasiveness of HeLa cells in CXCR4-siRNA group was inhibited at 48 h and 72 h(cell membrane number,48 h:37.4±8.1,33.6±6.2 vs.25.4 ±3.2, F = 4.830, P= 0.029. 72 h: 48.4 ±7.6, 43.0 ±5.4 vs. 33.4 ±6.7, F = 6.579, P= 0.012). After transfection for 48 h, the expression of Twist and Slug protein was decreased and E-cad protein was increased in CXCR4-siRNA group (Twist: 0.93±0.11, 1.00±0.17 vs. 0.53±0.07, F = 10.962, P= 0.010; Slug: 0.515± 0.084,0.470±0.055 vs.0.190±0.028,F =25.579,P=0.001;E-cad:0.53±0.04,0.55±0.24 vs.1.11±0.14,F =12.494, P= 0.007). Conclusions Silencing CXCR4 gene can inhibit the proliferation and reduce the invasiveness of HeLa cells. Inhibiting EMT of HeLa cells can be achieved by down-regulating the expressions of Twist and Slug protein,and up-regulating the expression of E-cad.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 69 patients with SPN of the pancreas who were admitted to the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2012 to July 2017 were collected.Serum tumor markers detection,enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdomen were carried out preoperatively for all the patients,and a part of the patients received endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).Surgery plans were formulated after completion of examinations.Observation indicators:(1) clinical features;(2) treatment situation;(3) results of pathological examination;(4)follow-up.All the patients were followed up via outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect the survival and tumor recurrence and metastasis till July 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented by (x)±s and were compared by Student's t test.Count data were compared by chi-square test.Results (1) Clinical features:① epidemiologic features:the ratio of male to female was 1∶5.9;patients were aged between 9 and 65 years,including 40 under 30 years and 29 above or equal to 30 years.The onset age was (34± 15)years for male patients and (28 ± 11)years for female patients,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (t=1.364,P＞0.05).Of 69 patients,SPN was located at pancreatic uncinate process in 25 patients,at neck of pancreas in 12 patients,body and tail of pancreas in 32 patients.② Medical history:history of acute or chronic pancreatitis and abdominal trauma were denied by all the 69 patients.③ Clinical manifestation:26 patients had no obvious symptoms and were detected by physical examination;31 patients had discomfort in upper abdomen,nausea and vomiting;other patients were admitted to the hospital because of upper abdominal mass (10 patients),jaundice (1 patient) or nausea,constipation (1 patient).④ Laboratory examination:the levels of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 were normal.⑤ Imaging examination:plane scan of the CT examination showed round or round-like low-density shadows in the 69 patients,including 51 of cystic solid lesion,13 of solid lesion and 5 of cystic lesion.Complete capsules were observed in 64 patients,blurred boundary between pancreas and adjacent viscera in 5 patients,calcified foci in the pancreatic parenchyma and capsules in 14 patients.Ten patients received MRI examination,and the T1-weighted images showed equal or slightly lower signal,T2-weighted images showed slightly higher signal in the plane scan,and T1-weighted and T2-weighted images of the tumor capsule showed continuous or non-continuous ring-like signal.The results of enhanced scan showed slightly heterogeneous enhancement of the capsule and the parenchyma of the pancreas in the arterial phase,and progressive enhancement in the venous and delayed phase,while the enhancement degree was lower than that of the normal pancreas parenchyma.The parenchyma was cloud-,papillaor mural nodule-like enhanced.Obvious enhancement was observed in capsule while not in the cystic components.The boundaries of the tumors in 5 patients were clear under EUS.Hypo-,iso-and hyperechoic regions were found in the masses,and the masses were confirmed as cyst-solidary type.Obvious calcified foci were found in 1 patient.(2) Treatment outcome:twenty-seven patients received laparoscopic surgery,including tumor expiration in 13 patients,distal pancreatectomy with preservation of spleen in 8 patients,distal pancreatectomy combined with splenectomy in 2 patients,middle pancreatectomy in 2 patients,pancreaticoduodenectomy with preservation of pylorus in 1 patient,pancreatic head resection with preservation of duodenum under the assistance of laparoscopy in 1 patient.Forty-two patients received open surgery,including tumor expiration in 12 patients,distal pancreateetomy with preservation of spleen in 10 patients,distal pancreatectomy combined with spleneetomy in 6 patients,middle pancreatectomy in 5 patients,pancreaticoduodenectomy in 7 patients (with preservation of pylorus in 2 patients) and pancreatic head resection combined with preservation of duodenum in 1 patient.One patient with SPN + hepatic metastasis received distal pancreatectomy+ metastatic foci resection in the lesser omental bursa,and then followed by radiofrequency ablation in the hepatic metastatic foci.Postoperative complications:21 of 69patients had postoperative complications,including 17 intestinal fistulas,2 abdominal bleedings,1 incomplete obstruction,1 pleural effusion + atelectasis,and all of them were cured by symptomatic treatment.(3)Pathological examination:the resection margins of 69 patients were negative.The mean diameter of the tumor was (7±4) cm (21 patients with tumor diameter ＜ 5 cm,and 48 with tumor diameter ≥5 cm).The tumor diameters of 4 in 10 male patients were above or equal to 5 cm,and the number was 44 in 59 female patients,with statistically significant difference (x2 =4.828,P＜0.05).The tumor diameters of 32 in 40 patients who aged under 30 years were above or equal to 5 cm,and the number was 16 in 29 patients who were aged above or equal to 30 years,with statistically significant difference (x2=4.895,P＜0.05).Solid,pseudo-papillary and cystic regions in the SPN tissues were seen under the light microscope.Tumor cells were surrounded the blood vessels and were arranged in the nest or sheet shape in the solid region;blood vessels were surrounded by one or multiple layers of tumor cells in the axis or pseudopapillary shape in the pseudopapillary region;large amount of mucus and clusters of blood cells were seen in the cystic regions.The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of α1-antitrypsin,vimentin,β-catenin,progesterone receptor,CD10,synaptophysin and chromogranin A were 100.0％ (39/39),96.6％ (28/29),95.7％ (45/47),94.4％ (51/54),92.5％ (49/53),72.9％ (35/48) and 5.6％ (3/54),respectively.(4) Follow-up:63 of 69 patients were followed up for 1-68 months,with median time of 29 months.No SPN recurrence or metastasis was detected.One patient died of lung cancer at postoperative month 35 and other patients survived well.Conclusions SPN of pancreas is mostly detected in young female patients,and it could be solid or cystic.Abdominal enhanced CT or MRI examination could clarify the diagnosis.EUS-fine needle aspiration examination could provide pathological evidence for definitive diagnosis.Typical cellular morphology and pseudopapillary regions may provide hints for the diagnosis of SPN,and the diagnosis could be clarified when combined with the detection of vimentin,α 1-antitrypsin or other indexes.Complete resection of SPN and ensure negative resection margin are fundamental principles of treatment.

BACKGROUNDBariatric surgery offers a productive resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The development of T2DM vasculopathy is due to chronic inflammation, which increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression. This study sought to examine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the thoracic aorta after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on a T2DM rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ).

METHODSTwenty-one T2DM Wistar rats induced by high-fat diet and low dose STZ were randomly divided into DJB and sham duodenal-jejunal bypass (S-DJB) groups. Ten Wistar rats were fed a normal diet as a control. Recovery of gastrointestinal function post-operation and resumption of a normal diet completed the experiment. Body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid levels, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression levels in aortic endothelial cells were measured throughout.

RESULTSDJB rats showed significant weight loss 2 weeks post-operation compared with S-DJB rats. After surgery, DJB rats showed significant improvement and steady glycemic control with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. They also exhibited improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDJB surgery on an induced T2DM rat model improves blood glucose levels and lipids, following a high-fat diet and low dose STZ treatment. In addition, DJB decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, which may play an important role in delaying the development of T2DM vascular disease.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; metabolism ; Bariatric Surgery ; Body Weight ; physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; enzymology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To evaluate the specificity of CD105 labeled microvessel density (MVD)and its clinical significance.Methods Formalin fixed,paraffin wax embedded specimens from 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were stained with anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody.A correlation was analyzed between the expression and distribution of MVD-CD105 in HCC/adjacent non-tumorous tissues and clinicopathological features.Results CD105 immunoreactivity was seen in all the specimens of HCC and adjacent non-tumorous tissues.Immunoreactivity intensity was higher in adjacent non-tumorous tissues than in HCC (χ2=9.184,P＜0.01).The mean scores of M VD-CD105 were also higher in adjacent non-tumorous tissues than in HCC.The levels of expression and distribution of MVD-CD105 in HCC were associated with tumor metastasis and TNM staging (P＜0.01).The levels of expression and distribution of MVD-CD105 in adjacent non-tumorous tissues were associated with TNM staging and 2-year survival rate (P＜0.01).Conclusions CD105 showed no specificity in labeling MVD of HCC specimens.The higher level of expression and distribution of MVD-CD105 in HCC was associated with local tumor metastasis and progression.CD105 cannot be used as a target for anti-angiogenesis therapy for HCC.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery (FTS) in l aparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer.MethodsSixty-one patientswith distal gastric cancer were randomly divided into three groups:FTS + LADG group (n =19) undergoing LADG and FTS treatments,LADG group (n =22) undergoing LADG and traditional perioperative cares,and FTS + ODG ( open distal gastrectomy) group ( n =21 ) undergoing ODG and FTS treatments.FTS treatments included avoidance of mechanical bowel cleansing,restrictive perioperative intravenous infusion,early ambulation,early enteral nutrition.The age,sex,body weight,anastomotic mode,number of lymph node dissected,and tumor stage,serum albumin (ALB),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),C-reaction protein (CRP),flatus time,postoperative hospital stay,medical cost,and postoperative complications were compared between three groups. ResultsThe level of ALB in FTS + LADG group were higher than in LADG group at the 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to LADG group,the variation of ALB from preoperation to 4th day after surgery in FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group was significant( P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).CRP level between FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group were different significantly at 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).FTS + LADG group has earlier recovery of gastrointestinal peristalsis than other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medical cost in FTS + LADG group was less than in LADG group ( P =0.003 ),but higher than in FTS + ODG group (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsThe practice of FTS in LADG was safe,effective,improves nutritional status,eases stress reaction,accelerates gastrointestinal peristalsis and postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the significance of hemihepatic vascular occlusion with extrahepatic control of major hepatic veins for hepatectomy in cirrhotic carcinoma. Methods A retrospective comparative study for hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) using Pringle maneuver (groupA,n=44),hemihepatic vascular occlusion(group B,n=76) and hemihepatic vascular occlusion plus extrahepatic control of major hepatic veins(group C,n=85)were made from March 2006 to September 2008.The amount of intraoperative bleeding,time of operation,postoperative liver function,liver function recovering and complications were compared.Results There was significant difference in the amount of intraoperative blood loss between the three groups(543.7 ml、415.8 ml、324.5 ml,respectively,F=98.96,P<0.001).There was no difference in the time of operation.The level of serum alanine transaminase(ALT) and that of serum bilirubin on the 3rd and 6th day postoperatively in group B,and C was significantly lower than that in group A.Conclusions Hemihepatic vascular occlusion with control of major hepatic veins results in selective liver isolation from the systemic circulation,which is more effective than Pringle maneuver for controlling intraoperative bleeding without interruption of hemodynamic stability in liver cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Compound huaihua granules.METHODS:Sophora japonica,salvia miltiorrhiza,and Lonicera joponica in the formulation were identified qualitatively by TLC,and the content of rutin in Sophora japonica was determined by UV spectrophotometry.RESULTS: The TLC spots were clear and well-separated.The linear range of rutin was 2.904～14.52 ?g?mL-1(r=0.997 7) and its average recovery was 98.43%(RSD=0.55%,n=6).CONCLUSION: The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Compound huaihua granules.