Objective To study the gradual-onset rate (GOR)mode on human centrifuge G-tolerance determination and the applications in pilot selection and training. Methods Twenty-five pilots were undertaken the G-tolerance examination under centrifuge GOR operating mode and completed high G centrifuge training at +8.0 Gz level for 10 s.The pilots were divided into excellent group (n=1 3),good group (n=7 )and mediocre group (n=5 )by the high G training result.The pilots, G-tolerance under GOR mode and the anti-G effect of performing HP maneuver were analyzed. Results Under GOR mode pilots, strained tolerance (GOR2 )was significantly higher than their relaxed tolerance (GOR1 )(t=1 4.420,P=0.000 ).The differences on GOR1 tolerance and HP maneuver anti-G effect were not significant among different groups (F=2.593,0.1 76,P>0.05).The GOR2 tolerance of excellent group was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on GOR2 tolerance among groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The G-tolerance and the effect of performing anti-G straining maneuver could be precisely and conveniently evaluated with GOR mode.It is necessary to establish the G-tolerance examination method and assessment criterion under centrifuge GOR mode for the G tolerance determination and training of high performance fighter aircraft pilot.

Objective To study the gradual-onset rate (GOR)mode on human centrifuge G-tolerance determination and the applications in pilot selection and training. Methods Twenty-five pilots were undertaken the G-tolerance examination under centrifuge GOR operating mode and completed high G centrifuge training at +8.0 Gz level for 10 s.The pilots were divided into excellent group (n=1 3),good group (n=7 )and mediocre group (n=5 )by the high G training result.The pilots, G-tolerance under GOR mode and the anti-G effect of performing HP maneuver were analyzed. Results Under GOR mode pilots, strained tolerance (GOR2 )was significantly higher than their relaxed tolerance (GOR1 )(t=1 4.420,P=0.000 ).The differences on GOR1 tolerance and HP maneuver anti-G effect were not significant among different groups (F=2.593,0.1 76,P>0.05).The GOR2 tolerance of excellent group was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on GOR2 tolerance among groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The G-tolerance and the effect of performing anti-G straining maneuver could be precisely and conveniently evaluated with GOR mode.It is necessary to establish the G-tolerance examination method and assessment criterion under centrifuge GOR mode for the G tolerance determination and training of high performance fighter aircraft pilot.

Objective To analyze and discuss the status of fighter pilots' centrifuge training,to investigate the pilots' G tolerance and to provide reference for training program improvement.Methods One thousand and one hundred ninety-nine fighter pilots' human centrifuge training data were collected and analyzed by cross-sectional study.Pilots were classified by the training purposes that were for aeromedical qualification and competitive assessment.The up-to-standard rates were compared upon the analysis of pilots' training performance.Results In 877 pilots for aeromedical qualification,594 completed the runs of 8 G for 10 s,106 completed 9 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 79.1％.In 180 high performance fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment,141 completed the runs of 9 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 78.3％.In 142 second generation fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment,140 completed the runs of 7 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 98.6％ which was significantly greater than that of the pilots for aeromedical qualification (x 2 =31.141,P ＜ 0.01) and high performance fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment (x 2 =29.318,P＜0.01).There was no difference on qualification rate between the latter two groups (x2 =0.058,P ＞0.05).The incidence of G-LOC and A-LOC was 5.0％ and 2.7％ respectively.The incidences of G-LOC (x2 =4.983,P＜0.05) and A-LOC (x2 =7.528,P＜0.05) of the pilots selected for competitive assessment were significantly greater than those of the pilots for aeromedical qualification.In 1 199 pilots,only 2 pilots (0.17％) had severe acute lumbar sprain.Conclusions Advanced anti-G methods have been adopted in our centrifuge training.The incidences of G-LOC and spinal injury induced by centrifuge training are low.The training program still needs further development and the training effectiveness should be improved.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) coupled with electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point for promotion of conscious recovery in the patients with severe coma.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight cases of severe coma for a month and with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores of 3-8 were recruited as study subjects.The patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group in accordance with different treatment methods,each consisting of 64 subjects.The control group received conventional therapy plus electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point,while the treatment group received conventional therapy and electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point plus HBO with the therapeutic pressure at 0.2 MPa (2.0 ATA).After 5 consecutive treatment courses,GCS scores were assayed and EEG detections were made in the patients of the 2 groups,and then therapeutic results were evaluated and compared.Results GCS scores for the treatment group and the control group were respectively (11.15 ± 1.52) and (8.95 ± 1.32),and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBO coupled with electrical stimulation at Neikuan LuoConnecting point in the treatment of patients with severe coma could obviously improve brain electrical activity and displayed good effect on the promotion of conscious recovery.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) coupled with electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point for promotion of conscious recovery in the patients with severe coma.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight cases of severe coma for a month and with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores of 3-8 were recruited as study subjects.The patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group in accordance with different treatment methods,each consisting of 64 subjects.The control group received conventional therapy plus electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point,while the treatment group received conventional therapy and electrical stimulation at Neikuan Luo-Connecting point plus HBO with the therapeutic pressure at 0.2 MPa (2.0 ATA).After 5 consecutive treatment courses,GCS scores were assayed and EEG detections were made in the patients of the 2 groups,and then therapeutic results were evaluated and compared.Results GCS scores for the treatment group and the control group were respectively (11.15 ± 1.52) and (8.95 ± 1.32),and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBO coupled with electrical stimulation at Neikuan LuoConnecting point in the treatment of patients with severe coma could obviously improve brain electrical activity and displayed good effect on the promotion of conscious recovery.

Objective To analyze and discuss the status of fighter pilots' centrifuge training,to investigate the pilots' G tolerance and to provide reference for training program improvement.Methods One thousand and one hundred ninety-nine fighter pilots' human centrifuge training data were collected and analyzed by cross-sectional study.Pilots were classified by the training purposes that were for aeromedical qualification and competitive assessment.The up-to-standard rates were compared upon the analysis of pilots' training performance.Results In 877 pilots for aeromedical qualification,594 completed the runs of 8 G for 10 s,106 completed 9 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 79.1％.In 180 high performance fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment,141 completed the runs of 9 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 78.3％.In 142 second generation fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment,140 completed the runs of 7 G for 10 s.The qualification rate was 98.6％ which was significantly greater than that of the pilots for aeromedical qualification (x 2 =31.141,P ＜ 0.01) and high performance fighter pilots selected for competitive assessment (x 2 =29.318,P＜0.01).There was no difference on qualification rate between the latter two groups (x2 =0.058,P ＞0.05).The incidence of G-LOC and A-LOC was 5.0％ and 2.7％ respectively.The incidences of G-LOC (x2 =4.983,P＜0.05) and A-LOC (x2 =7.528,P＜0.05) of the pilots selected for competitive assessment were significantly greater than those of the pilots for aeromedical qualification.In 1 199 pilots,only 2 pilots (0.17％) had severe acute lumbar sprain.Conclusions Advanced anti-G methods have been adopted in our centrifuge training.The incidences of G-LOC and spinal injury induced by centrifuge training are low.The training program still needs further development and the training effectiveness should be improved.

OBJECTIVETo examine the renal function changes and mechanisms on rats with diabetes through a sleeve gastrectomy operation.

METHODSThirty-six rats were induced diabetes through injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and 30 of these diabetic rats that blood glucose levels at the midrange (blood sugar 17.88-23.65 mmol/L, mean: 20.32 mmol/L) were randomly assigned to the sleeve gastrectomy group, Sham-operation group and control group. The serum creatinine, lipid parameters were measured postoperatively. The 24 h urine volume obtained and urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) was calculated. Serum and urinary creatinine were examined and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was counted. Kidney sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff, and then the index of mesangial expansion was determined. The expression of synaptopodin for podocytes was also performed through the immunohistochemical procedure. A one-way ANOVA and t-test were performed to evaluate differences between groups and each other.

RESULTSOnly one rat of SG group died after operation. The GFR ((8.44 ± 2.10) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹), 24 h UAER ((36.04 ± 11.10) mg/d), plasma lipids level (total cholesterol (1.66 ± 0.23) mmol/L, triglycerides (1.25 ± 0.17) mmol/L), kidney weight ((1.61 ± 0.06) g), the index of mesangial expansion ((6.14 ± 1.50)%) and synaptopodin expression ((20.44 ± 2.99)%) were improved in the SG group compared with the sham-operation group ((15.05 ± 3.01) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹, (57.01 ± 11.34) mg/d, (2.15 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (1.65 ± 0.23) mmol/L, (1.93 ± 0.07) g, (11.32 ± 2.09)%, (10.34 ± 1.43)%) and control group ((14.79 ± 2.38) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹, (62.71 ± 16.46) mg/d, (2.23 ± 0.21) mmol/L, (1.59 ± 0.20) mmol/L, (1.91 ± 0.06) g, (10.82 ± 1.79)%, (11.13 ± 2.43)%) (t = 0.781-5.025, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe sleeve gastrectomy procedure can improve the renal function in a diabetes rat model may be through protecting the podocytes function and preventing the mesangial expansion of glomeruli.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Creatinine ; blood ; urine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Random Allocation ; Rats

Objective To explore the pulmonary ventilation characters of performing HP and L 1 anti-G maneuvers,to determine the flow requirement for oxygen system design,and to provide references to the pilot anti-G straining maneuver training and physiological requirements for oxygen system development.Methods Ten male subjects were trained on ground by HP and L-1 maneuvers and the pulmonary ventilation parameters were recorded as follows:respiratory frequency,expiratory volume,inspiratory volume,peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR),peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR),and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV).Results The respiratory frequency,expiratory volume,PEFR and MVV of performing HP maneuver were higher than those of performing L-1 maneuvers (P＜0.01).The differences of inspiratory volume and PIFR between performing L-1 and HP maneuver were not significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Without the oxygen-mask wearing,the PIFR of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers was (300.31 ± 72.08) L/min and (281.00 ± 86.56) L/min respectively.Conclusions The demands of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers to the peak flow of oxygen system are almost same because of the similar characters in inspiration period.The faster respiratory rate of performing HP maneuver indicates that the pilots should be guided to keep the right frequency during +Gz exposure.In order to completely meet the needs of respiratory demands of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers,the peak flow of oxygen system should be more than 300 L/min.The variation of pulmonary ventilation parameters when performing the maneuvers together with mask oxygen supply needs further investigation.

Objective To explore the pulmonary ventilation characters of performing HP and L 1 anti-G maneuvers,to determine the flow requirement for oxygen system design,and to provide references to the pilot anti-G straining maneuver training and physiological requirements for oxygen system development.Methods Ten male subjects were trained on ground by HP and L-1 maneuvers and the pulmonary ventilation parameters were recorded as follows:respiratory frequency,expiratory volume,inspiratory volume,peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR),peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR),and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV).Results The respiratory frequency,expiratory volume,PEFR and MVV of performing HP maneuver were higher than those of performing L-1 maneuvers (P＜0.01).The differences of inspiratory volume and PIFR between performing L-1 and HP maneuver were not significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Without the oxygen-mask wearing,the PIFR of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers was (300.31 ± 72.08) L/min and (281.00 ± 86.56) L/min respectively.Conclusions The demands of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers to the peak flow of oxygen system are almost same because of the similar characters in inspiration period.The faster respiratory rate of performing HP maneuver indicates that the pilots should be guided to keep the right frequency during +Gz exposure.In order to completely meet the needs of respiratory demands of performing HP and L-1 maneuvers,the peak flow of oxygen system should be more than 300 L/min.The variation of pulmonary ventilation parameters when performing the maneuvers together with mask oxygen supply needs further investigation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery (FTS) in l aparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer.MethodsSixty-one patientswith distal gastric cancer were randomly divided into three groups:FTS + LADG group (n =19) undergoing LADG and FTS treatments,LADG group (n =22) undergoing LADG and traditional perioperative cares,and FTS + ODG ( open distal gastrectomy) group ( n =21 ) undergoing ODG and FTS treatments.FTS treatments included avoidance of mechanical bowel cleansing,restrictive perioperative intravenous infusion,early ambulation,early enteral nutrition.The age,sex,body weight,anastomotic mode,number of lymph node dissected,and tumor stage,serum albumin (ALB),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),C-reaction protein (CRP),flatus time,postoperative hospital stay,medical cost,and postoperative complications were compared between three groups. ResultsThe level of ALB in FTS + LADG group were higher than in LADG group at the 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to LADG group,the variation of ALB from preoperation to 4th day after surgery in FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group was significant( P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).CRP level between FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group were different significantly at 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).FTS + LADG group has earlier recovery of gastrointestinal peristalsis than other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medical cost in FTS + LADG group was less than in LADG group ( P =0.003 ),but higher than in FTS + ODG group (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsThe practice of FTS in LADG was safe,effective,improves nutritional status,eases stress reaction,accelerates gastrointestinal peristalsis and postoperative rehabilitation.