Objective:To investigate the characteristic distribution of vaginal microbiota in infertile women.Methods:We collected the results of vaginal microbiological examinations from 19322 initial visit infertile women who visited the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the Second Affili-ated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 1,2023 to July 31,2024.The vaginal microbiota infection status of patients was compared in different age groups(＜25 years old,25-＜30 years old,30-＜35 years old,35-＜40 years old,≥40 years old)and different seasons(spring,summer,autumn,winter).Results:①Among 19322 women,6027 cases(31.19％)showed abnormal vaginal microecology.Pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 3093 cases,including 2882 cases of single vaginitis,211 cases of mixed vaginitis,3764 cases with vagi-nal cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and 3965 cases with abnormal lactobacilli.Among patients with single vaginitis,1349 cases(46.81％)were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC),which was the highest proportion.Aerobic vaginitis(AV)followed with 752 cases(26.09％),and bacterial vaginosis(BV)had 671 cases(23.28％),trichomonal vaginitis(TV)with 110 cases(3.82％).Among patients with mixed vaginitis,AV+BV was the most common with 96 cases(45.49％).②The detection rates of cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,abnormal lactobacilli,abnor-mal microorganisms(unclear pathogen),single vaginitis(BV,VVC and TV),and mixed vaginitis showed statisti-cally significant differences across different seasons(P＜0.05).Specifically,the detection rates of cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ and abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogens)were significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons(P＜0.05),while the detection rate of abnormal lactobacilli was higher in spring than in other seasons(P＜0.05).③The detection rates of abnormal lactobacilli,abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogen),single vaginitis(BV,VVC and AV),and mixed vaginitis showed significant differences among different age groups(P＜0.05).Specifically,the detection rate of abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogen)was higher in the age group＜25 years than in other age groups(P＜0.05),while the detection rate of BV among single vaginitis cases was higher in the age group≥40 years than in other age groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions:The vaginal microecol-ogy of infertile women varies in terms of infection rates across different age groups and seasons.Patients with simple vaginitis have the highest rate of VVC,while those with mixed vaginitis have the highest proportion of AV+BV infection.

Objective:To explore the relationship between sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters, seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. Methods:The clinical data of 300 male infertile patients who underwent routine semen analysis in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from October 2023 to April 2024 and whose spouses received IVF/ICSI treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The results of sperm DNA integrity [sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI)], semen parameters (sperm percentage, sperm density, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate) and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity at admission were recorded. According to their spouses′ IVF/ICSI outcomes, the 300 patients were divided into the successful pregnancy group (those with successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation) and the unsuccessful pregnancy group (those without successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation). The differences in sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity at admission between the two groups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity in male infertile patients at admission for their spouses′ IVF/ICSI outcomes.Results:According to the IVF/ICSI outcomes of the spouses of male infertile patients, 169 cases (56.3%) had successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation; 131 cases (43.7%) had unsuccessful intrauterine pregnancy. At admission, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical data between the two groups (all P>0.05). The DFI and sperm density in the successful pregnancy group were lower than those in the unsuccessful pregnancy group, while the sperm percentage, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity were higher than those in the unsuccessful pregnancy group (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of single indicators including DFI, sperm percentage, sperm density, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate, and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase level in predicting the IVF/ICSI outcomes of spouses of male infertile patients were 0.719, 0.718, 0.812, 0.779, 0.769, and 0.736, respectively; the sensitivities were 70.42%, 77.46%, 69.01%, 70.42%, 69.01%, and 77.46%, respectively; the specificities were 66.38%, 55.02%, 81.22%, 73.80%, 77.29%, and 62.88%, respectively; the Youden indexes were 0.368, 0.325, 0.502, 0.442, 0.463, and 0.404, respectively; all differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity can assist in predicting IVF/ICSI outcomes, providing an important reference for the treatment outcomes of male infertile patients.

Objective:To investigate the characteristic distribution of vaginal microbiota in infertile women.Methods:We collected the results of vaginal microbiological examinations from 19322 initial visit infertile women who visited the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the Second Affili-ated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 1,2023 to July 31,2024.The vaginal microbiota infection status of patients was compared in different age groups(＜25 years old,25-＜30 years old,30-＜35 years old,35-＜40 years old,≥40 years old)and different seasons(spring,summer,autumn,winter).Results:①Among 19322 women,6027 cases(31.19％)showed abnormal vaginal microecology.Pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 3093 cases,including 2882 cases of single vaginitis,211 cases of mixed vaginitis,3764 cases with vagi-nal cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and 3965 cases with abnormal lactobacilli.Among patients with single vaginitis,1349 cases(46.81％)were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC),which was the highest proportion.Aerobic vaginitis(AV)followed with 752 cases(26.09％),and bacterial vaginosis(BV)had 671 cases(23.28％),trichomonal vaginitis(TV)with 110 cases(3.82％).Among patients with mixed vaginitis,AV+BV was the most common with 96 cases(45.49％).②The detection rates of cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,abnormal lactobacilli,abnor-mal microorganisms(unclear pathogen),single vaginitis(BV,VVC and TV),and mixed vaginitis showed statisti-cally significant differences across different seasons(P＜0.05).Specifically,the detection rates of cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ and abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogens)were significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons(P＜0.05),while the detection rate of abnormal lactobacilli was higher in spring than in other seasons(P＜0.05).③The detection rates of abnormal lactobacilli,abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogen),single vaginitis(BV,VVC and AV),and mixed vaginitis showed significant differences among different age groups(P＜0.05).Specifically,the detection rate of abnormal microorganisms(unclear pathogen)was higher in the age group＜25 years than in other age groups(P＜0.05),while the detection rate of BV among single vaginitis cases was higher in the age group≥40 years than in other age groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions:The vaginal microecol-ogy of infertile women varies in terms of infection rates across different age groups and seasons.Patients with simple vaginitis have the highest rate of VVC,while those with mixed vaginitis have the highest proportion of AV+BV infection.

Objective:To explore the relationship between sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters, seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. Methods:The clinical data of 300 male infertile patients who underwent routine semen analysis in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from October 2023 to April 2024 and whose spouses received IVF/ICSI treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The results of sperm DNA integrity [sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI)], semen parameters (sperm percentage, sperm density, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate) and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity at admission were recorded. According to their spouses′ IVF/ICSI outcomes, the 300 patients were divided into the successful pregnancy group (those with successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation) and the unsuccessful pregnancy group (those without successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation). The differences in sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity at admission between the two groups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity in male infertile patients at admission for their spouses′ IVF/ICSI outcomes.Results:According to the IVF/ICSI outcomes of the spouses of male infertile patients, 169 cases (56.3%) had successful intrauterine pregnancy detected by ultrasound 30 days after transplantation; 131 cases (43.7%) had unsuccessful intrauterine pregnancy. At admission, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical data between the two groups (all P>0.05). The DFI and sperm density in the successful pregnancy group were lower than those in the unsuccessful pregnancy group, while the sperm percentage, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity were higher than those in the unsuccessful pregnancy group (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of single indicators including DFI, sperm percentage, sperm density, sperm motility, normal morphology sperm rate, and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase level in predicting the IVF/ICSI outcomes of spouses of male infertile patients were 0.719, 0.718, 0.812, 0.779, 0.769, and 0.736, respectively; the sensitivities were 70.42%, 77.46%, 69.01%, 70.42%, 69.01%, and 77.46%, respectively; the specificities were 66.38%, 55.02%, 81.22%, 73.80%, 77.29%, and 62.88%, respectively; the Youden indexes were 0.368, 0.325, 0.502, 0.442, 0.463, and 0.404, respectively; all differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sperm DNA integrity, semen parameters and seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity can assist in predicting IVF/ICSI outcomes, providing an important reference for the treatment outcomes of male infertile patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI),high reactive oxygen species(ROS)rate,high mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)rate,and progressive motility(PR)in patients with idiopathic astheno-zoospermia.Methods A total of 250 patients who visited the Male Department of Reproductive Medicine Center,Tangdu Hospital,from December 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild(20％≤PR＜32％,n=86),moderate(10％≤PR＜20％,n=67),and severe(PR＜10％,n=47)asthenozoospermia groups,and a normal group(female factor infertility,normal semen parameters,PR≥32％,n=50)was formed based on their PR values.The levels of sperm DFI,high ROS and MMP rates were measured using flow cytometry,and their correlations with PR were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal group,the asthenozoospermia groups showed significantly lower sperm concentration,motility,normal morphology percentage and high MMP rate(P＜0.05),but significantly high DFI and ROS rate(P＜0.01).The severe asthenozoospermia group had significantly high DFI and ROS rate and high MMP rate was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(P＜0.0I).No significant differences in DFI,high ROS rate and MMP rates were found between the mild and moderate groups(P＞0.05).As the severity of asthenozoospermia increased,DFI and high ROS rate showed an increasing trend,while high MMP rate decreased.Correlation analysis revealed a signifi-cant positive correlation between PR and high MMP rate(r=0.439,P＜0.01)and significant negative correlations between PR and high ROS rate(r=-0.435,P＜0.01),DFI(r=-0.478,P＜0.01).Conclusion The patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia ex-hibit altered levels of sperm DFI,high ROS and MMP rates,which are associated with the severity of asthenozoospermia.Elevated ROS levels may lead to sperm DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction,resulting in decreased sperm progressive motility.

Objective To investigate the effects of high concentration of semen samples in detection by fully automated sperm quality analyzer for sperm concentration,progressive motility(PR),non-progressive motility(NP)and percentage of immotile sperm(IM).Methods The semen samples from the patients who visited the reproductive clinic in our hospital from February 2023 to May 2023 were analyzed using the fully automated sperm quality analyzer.A total of 155 semen samples with initial sperm concentration ≥100× 106/mL and semen volume ≥1.5 mL were set as the high concentration semen group(group A).The semen samples with self seminal plasma dilution group(group B)and 37 ℃ normal saline dilution group(group C)were prepared with their own seminal plasma and normal saline at 1∶2 dilution ratio respectively.The sperm concentration of group A was detected by the manual method as the control.The sperm concentration and motility parameters of each group were detected.The differences of sperm concentration and the values of PR,NP and IM among the group A,B and C were analyzed.The correlations between sperm concentration and PR,NP and IM were also assessed.Results The sperm concentration of group A was significantly lower than that of the control group and groups B and C(all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference for the results between group B and group C(P＞0.05).The PR in group C was significantly lower than that in groups A and B(all P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference of PR between group A and group B(P＞0.05).The values of NP in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C(all P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in NP between group B and group C(P＞0.05).The IM in group A was significantly lower than that in groups B and C(all P＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference of IM values between group B ang group C(P＞0.05).Conclusion The direct analysis of undiluted semen samples with high sperm concentration may lead to lower results of sperm concentration,increased percentage of NP sperm and decreased percentage of IM sperm.The dilution of semen samples may improve the accuracy of the detec-tion results.The dilution with 37 ℃ normal saline can lead to decrease of the percentage of PR sperm.The self seminal plasma should be recommended as the first choice of diluent for the semen samples with high sperm concentration.

Objective:To investigate the influence of previous TORCH infection on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was carried out for infertile female patients who underwent IVF/ICSI-ET treatment from May 2016 to May 2018 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University. IgM and IgG in serum have been detected for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), rubella virus (RV) and Toxoplasma (TOX) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with IgM negative and IgG positive [IgM(-), IgG(+)] were assigned as the previous infection,while IgM-negative and IgG-negative [IgM(-), IgG(-)] were assigned as negative control. Four groups of CMV [1984 IgG(+) cases vs. 421 IgG(-) cases], HSV [1535 IgG(+) cases vs. 344 IgG(-) cases], RV [1795 IgG(+) cases vs. 261 IgG(-) cases] and TOX [75 IgG(+) cases vs. 2111 IgG(-) cases] were investigated for general data and pregnancy outcome of IVF/ICSI-ET. Results:There were no significant differences between previous infection and negative control at age, body mass index (BMI), infertility duration, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels among four groups (all P>0.05). The number of oocytes retrieved (9.68±4.33, 10.04±3.99, 10.41±4.33), fertilization rate [82.01% (1627/1984), 82.74% (1270/1535), 82.95% (1489/1795)], clinical pregnancy rate [53.20% (1055/1984), 51.66% (793/1535), 52.98% (951/1795)] and live birth rate [50.25% (997/1984), 38.96% (598/1535), 40.33% (724/1795)] in CMV, HSV, and RV IgG positive groups were significantly lower than those in the negative control [10.18±4.41, 10.58±3.54, 11.08±3.90, P=0.032, P=0.021, P=0.018; 86.46% (364/421), 87.21% (300/344), 88.12% (230/261), P=0.028, P=0.043, P=0.035; 58.4% (246/421), 58.14% (200/344), 60.54% (158/261), P=0.049, P=0.030, P=0.022; 55.58% (234/421), 46.51% (160/344), 47.89% (125/261), P=0.047, P=0.010, P=0.021]. However, the biochemical pregnancy rate [9.47% (188/1984), 9.12% (140/1535), 10.53% (189/1795)] and the miscarriage rate [10.48% (208/1984), 9.97% (153/1535), 10.97% (197/1795)] in CMV, HSV, and RV IgG positive groups were higher than those in the negative group [6.18% (26/421), 5.81% (20/344), 6.51% (17/261), P=0.031, P=0.047, P=0.044; 7.13% (30/421), 6.10% (21/344), 6.51% (17/261), P=0.036, P=0.026, P=0.027]. There were no significant differences in the number of oocyte retrieved, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the TOX IgG positive group and the negative control (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Previous infections of CMV, HSV and RV may be the reason for the fewer number of oocyte retrived and lower fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatment. Previous infections of CMV, HSV and RV cause the higher biochemical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. The previous TOX infection has no infection on IVF/ICSI-ET pregnancy outcome.

Objective:To investigate the influence of previous TORCH infection on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was carried out for infertile female patients who underwent IVF/ICSI-ET treatment from May 2016 to May 2018 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University. IgM and IgG in serum have been detected for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), rubella virus (RV) and Toxoplasma (TOX) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with IgM negative and IgG positive [IgM(-), IgG(+)] were assigned as the previous infection,while IgM-negative and IgG-negative [IgM(-), IgG(-)] were assigned as negative control. Four groups of CMV [1984 IgG(+) cases vs. 421 IgG(-) cases], HSV [1535 IgG(+) cases vs. 344 IgG(-) cases], RV [1795 IgG(+) cases vs. 261 IgG(-) cases] and TOX [75 IgG(+) cases vs. 2111 IgG(-) cases] were investigated for general data and pregnancy outcome of IVF/ICSI-ET. Results:There were no significant differences between previous infection and negative control at age, body mass index (BMI), infertility duration, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels among four groups (all P>0.05). The number of oocytes retrieved (9.68±4.33, 10.04±3.99, 10.41±4.33), fertilization rate [82.01% (1627/1984), 82.74% (1270/1535), 82.95% (1489/1795)], clinical pregnancy rate [53.20% (1055/1984), 51.66% (793/1535), 52.98% (951/1795)] and live birth rate [50.25% (997/1984), 38.96% (598/1535), 40.33% (724/1795)] in CMV, HSV, and RV IgG positive groups were significantly lower than those in the negative control [10.18±4.41, 10.58±3.54, 11.08±3.90, P=0.032, P=0.021, P=0.018; 86.46% (364/421), 87.21% (300/344), 88.12% (230/261), P=0.028, P=0.043, P=0.035; 58.4% (246/421), 58.14% (200/344), 60.54% (158/261), P=0.049, P=0.030, P=0.022; 55.58% (234/421), 46.51% (160/344), 47.89% (125/261), P=0.047, P=0.010, P=0.021]. However, the biochemical pregnancy rate [9.47% (188/1984), 9.12% (140/1535), 10.53% (189/1795)] and the miscarriage rate [10.48% (208/1984), 9.97% (153/1535), 10.97% (197/1795)] in CMV, HSV, and RV IgG positive groups were higher than those in the negative group [6.18% (26/421), 5.81% (20/344), 6.51% (17/261), P=0.031, P=0.047, P=0.044; 7.13% (30/421), 6.10% (21/344), 6.51% (17/261), P=0.036, P=0.026, P=0.027]. There were no significant differences in the number of oocyte retrieved, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the TOX IgG positive group and the negative control (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Previous infections of CMV, HSV and RV may be the reason for the fewer number of oocyte retrived and lower fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatment. Previous infections of CMV, HSV and RV cause the higher biochemical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. The previous TOX infection has no infection on IVF/ICSI-ET pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVE: : To determine the effects of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTR and CysLTR) on phagocytosis of mouse BV2 microglial cells. METHODS: : BV2 cells were stimulated with microglial activators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CysLT receptor agonists LTD. The phagocytosis of BV2 cells was observed by immunofluorescence analysis and flow cytometry. The intracellular distributions of CysLTR and CysLTR in BV2 cells were examined with immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: : Both LPS and LTD could significantly enhance the phagocytosis of BV2 cells, and such effect could be inhibited by CysLTR selective antagonist Montelukast and CysLTR selective antagonist HAMI 3379. The activation of BV2 cells induced by LTD or LPS resulted in changes in intracellular distributions of CysLTR and CysLTR. CysLTR and CysLTR was co-localization with a similar distribution. CONCLUSIONS : CysLTR and CysLTR regulate the phagocytosis of mouse BV2 microglial cells with a synergistic effect.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Microglia ; cytology ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Phthalic Acids ; pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; drug effects ; Quinolines ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; agonists ; metabolism

Objective:New Zealand rabbits were immunized with VLPs-MEpS,VLPs-E2S,and the levels of neutralizing antibodies in serum were determined.Methods: New Zealand rabbits were immunized with 10 μg VLPs-MEpS and VLPs-E2S,serum was collected at diffferent time with a two-weeks interval.The neutralizing antibodies were determined by ELISA.HCV(type 1b) had been prepared and mixed with serum from immunized rabbit before infected Huh7.5 cell.The protection of neutralizing antibodies in serum was assessed.Results: Neutralizing antibodies had been induced in rabbit after immunized with VLPs-MEpS and VLPs-E2S.VLPs-MEpS group had higher titer of antibodies than that of VLPs-E2S group(P<0.05),both group had higher titer of antibodies than that of control groups significantly(P<0.01).VLPs-MEpS group had higher neutralization than that of VLPs-E2S group(P<0.05),the highest neutralization rate was 61.49%.Both groups were higher than control group notably(P<0.01).Conclusion: Protective neutralizing antibodies have been induced in New Zealand rabbit after immunized with VLPs-MEpS and VLPs-E2S.It′s the basement for development of neutralizing antibodies vaccine.