OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Ziyu ointment on postoperative wound healing in rats with perianal abscess based on Ras/Raf protein kinase （Raf）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） signaling pathway. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， vaseline treatment group （positive control group， 25 mg/cm2）， Ziyu ointment group （25 mg/cm2）， Ziyu ointment+PD98059 （ERK inhibitor） group （25 mg/cm2 Ziyu ointment+300 μg/L PD98059 solution 10 μL）， with 12 rats in each group. A circular incision was made on the backs of rats in each group. Except for the control group， fecal supernatant was applied dropwise to induce the perianal abscess model. After successful modeling， corresponding drugs were applied topically to rats in administration group， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The wound areas of the rats were measured on days 0， 7 and 14 of drug administration， and the wound healing rates were calculated. The levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）] and growth factors [basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）， epidermal growth factor （EGF）] in the serum of the rats were detected. The histopathological morphology of the wound tissues in the rats was also observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of cluster of differentiation 34 （CD34） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the wound tissues of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of the proteins related to the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway in the wound tissues of rats. RESULTS Compared with control group， the wound healing rates on days 0， 7 and 14 of drug administration， serum levels of bFGF and EGF， the number of newly formed capillaries in the wound tissues， and the expression levels of CD34， VEGF， Ras， Raf1， ERK1 and ERK2 in the wound tissues of rats in the model group were all significantly decreased （P＜0.05）； however， serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were all significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The histopathological damage to the wound tissue was severe， with a thinned epidermal layer and only a small amount of granulation tissue formation. Compared with model group， the levels of the aforementioned quantitative indicators in rats from the Ziyu ointment group and vaseline group were significantly improved （P＜0.05）. The histopathological damage to the wound tissue was notably ameliorated， with increased epidermal thickness and the formation of a substantial number of newly formed capillaries and granulation tissue. Compared with Ziyu ointment group， the levels of most of the aforementioned quantitative indicators in rats from the Ziyu ointment+PD98059 group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）， the histopathological damage to the wound tissue was markedly aggravated. CONCLUSIONS Ziyu ointment may alleviate the postoperative inflammatory response in the wound of rats with perianal abscess， promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway.

Objective To detect the mitochondrial microsatellite instability (mtMSI) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC),and to analyze their clinical significance in the diagnosis of ESCC.Methods The mtMSI and Hp infection status were examined by immunohistochemical SP method in 93 cases of ESCC and their normal control tissues.The relationship between Hp and mtMSI and their correlations with the clinicopathological features of ESCC were analyzed.Results The Hp positive rates of ESCC group and control group were 61.3％ (57/93) and 20.4％ (19/93) respectively,and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =32.127,P ＜0.001).The mtMSI positive rates of ESCC group and control group were 34.4％ (32/93) and 0 (0/93) respectively,and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =38.649,P ＜0.001).The Hp infection was correlated with tumor infiltrating degree (x2 =22.213,P ＜ 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (x2 =8.318,P =0.004),but was not correlated with gender (x2 =0.330,P =0.565),major axis of tumor (x2 =0.692,P =0.406),gross type (x2 =1.006,P =0.316),differentiated degree (x2 =0.665,P =0.415).The mtMSI was not correlated with gender (x2 =0.163,P =0.686),major axis of tumor (x2 =0.384,P =0.530),gross type (x2 =0.422,P =0.516),differentiated degree (x2 =0.213,P =0.645),infiltrating degree (x2 =0.001,P =0.979) or lymph node metastasis (x2 =0.039,P =0.843).The Hp infection was positively associated with mtMSI in ESCC (r =0.864,P =0.006).Conclusion The positive rates of Hp and mtMSI in ESCC are higher than those in normal tissues,and there is a close relationship between Hp and mtMSI.Hp is also associated with the progression of ESCC.

Purpose:To further improve the therapeutic results of ESWL and to reduce the complications of ESWL. Methods: Clinical materials of 5 140 cases of patients with urinary calculi underwent ESWL from 1989 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Ignorance of the routine examination in urine, blood, hepatic func tion and specialization etc, the serious complications may be produced by ESWL. Low energy and emergency ESWL have obtained satisfactory results. Conclusions:Every routine examination is essential to secure the patient to get satisfactory therapeutic result from ESWL and prevent the complication from occurring. Complete dis charge rate of stones was affected by the tissue structure and type of the renal pelvis and calyces, beside the site of stones.