Objective:To investigate the status of development and application of information system of central sterile supply department(CSSD)in hospitals of China,so as to provide references for the promotion of CSSD information system in hospital.Methods:Hierarchical sampling method was adopted to combine with CSSD Professional Committee of Chinese Nursing Association to design questionnaire for Questionnaire Star Network Survey about basic information,CSSD information system,whether the CSSD information system connected with equipment,tracing links and tracing levels,identification method of apparatuses,automation of equipment in 3,074 hospitals of 22 provinces,4 municipalities directly under the central government,and 5 autonomous regions.Results:In 3,074 hospitals,1,811 hospitals(accounting for 58.91%)adopted the CSSD information system.The utilization rate of tertiary hospitals was 81.90%for the information system,which was higher than that(34.51%)in secondary hospitals,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=636.65,P<0.05).The proportion of hospitals that included the recycling,cleaning,disinfection,inspection and packaging,sterilization,storage,and distribution links of CSSD internal management into information management was all>88%,while the utilization link only accounted for 15.18%.The proportion that surgical apparatuses and the apparatuses of clinical diagnosis and treatment were included in management was higher in 1811 hospitals that used CSSD information system,which were respectively 88.02%and 84.70%,while the proportion of surgical soft endoscope was lower,which only was 49.20%.A total of 84.37%of hospitals conducted informatization management for using extracorporeal apparatuses and implants.The connection rates of the main CSSD equipment,which included the washing and disinfection machine,the pressure steam sterilizer and the low-temperature sterilizer,were connected with information system were respectively 56.60%,63.06%and 43.95%.The full compatibility between the information system and all monitoring methods did not be realized in these hospitals.Barcode was the main identification form(69.91%)of the CSSD information system,and personnel management was the most common management module(53.62%)of the information system.The utilization rate(2.93%-5.14%)of automated equipment was low,and 35.45%of the CSSD information systems had the function of automatic emergency handling.Conclusion:The CSSD informatization management of China has achieved remarkable results,but there are still problems such as insufficient connection of equipment,inclusion of monitoring data,and insufficient automation and intelligence.It is necessary to increase the promotion efforts to promote the high-quality development of hospitals.

Objective:To investigate the status of development and application of information system of central sterile supply department(CSSD)in hospitals of China,so as to provide references for the promotion of CSSD information system in hospital.Methods:Hierarchical sampling method was adopted to combine with CSSD Professional Committee of Chinese Nursing Association to design questionnaire for Questionnaire Star Network Survey about basic information,CSSD information system,whether the CSSD information system connected with equipment,tracing links and tracing levels,identification method of apparatuses,automation of equipment in 3,074 hospitals of 22 provinces,4 municipalities directly under the central government,and 5 autonomous regions.Results:In 3,074 hospitals,1,811 hospitals(accounting for 58.91%)adopted the CSSD information system.The utilization rate of tertiary hospitals was 81.90%for the information system,which was higher than that(34.51%)in secondary hospitals,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=636.65,P<0.05).The proportion of hospitals that included the recycling,cleaning,disinfection,inspection and packaging,sterilization,storage,and distribution links of CSSD internal management into information management was all>88%,while the utilization link only accounted for 15.18%.The proportion that surgical apparatuses and the apparatuses of clinical diagnosis and treatment were included in management was higher in 1811 hospitals that used CSSD information system,which were respectively 88.02%and 84.70%,while the proportion of surgical soft endoscope was lower,which only was 49.20%.A total of 84.37%of hospitals conducted informatization management for using extracorporeal apparatuses and implants.The connection rates of the main CSSD equipment,which included the washing and disinfection machine,the pressure steam sterilizer and the low-temperature sterilizer,were connected with information system were respectively 56.60%,63.06%and 43.95%.The full compatibility between the information system and all monitoring methods did not be realized in these hospitals.Barcode was the main identification form(69.91%)of the CSSD information system,and personnel management was the most common management module(53.62%)of the information system.The utilization rate(2.93%-5.14%)of automated equipment was low,and 35.45%of the CSSD information systems had the function of automatic emergency handling.Conclusion:The CSSD informatization management of China has achieved remarkable results,but there are still problems such as insufficient connection of equipment,inclusion of monitoring data,and insufficient automation and intelligence.It is necessary to increase the promotion efforts to promote the high-quality development of hospitals.

Objective: To investigate the expression discordances of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER-2) and Ki-67 in primary and metastatic breast cancer specimens and explore the clinical significances. Methods: Biopsies of metastatic lesions were performed in 203 patients with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis indicated by physical examination and/or imaging examination. We confirmed pathological properties and assessed the expressions of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 in primary and metastatic lesions, their relationships with prognosis were also analyzed. Results: Biopsy failed in 3 patients, the pathology and immunohistochemitry results of metastatic lesions were not obtained. One person was diagnosed as tuberculosis and another was primary lung cancer. Among the 198 cases of primary and metastatic lesions, the discordance rates of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 were 27.3%, 34.3%, 11.8% and 15.1%, respectively.The expressions of ER, HER-2 and Ki-67 were not significantly different between the primary and metastatic lesions, however, the expressions of PR were more likely to turn negative in the metastases (P<0.001). The disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with ER, PR positive, HER-2 negative and low expression of Ki-67 in metastatic lesion was much longer (P<0.05). Conclusions The expressions of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 in metastatic lesions are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Their expression discordances between primary and metastatic lesions can guide the treatment and evaluate the risks of recurrence and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression discordances of estrogen receptor ( ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ( HER?2) and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic breast cancer specimens and explore the clinical significances. Methods Biopsies of metastatic lesions were performed in 203 patients with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis indicated by physical examination and／or imaging examination. We confirmed pathological properties and assessed the expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic lesions, their relationships with prognosis were also analyzed. Results Biopsy failed in 3 patients, the pathology and immunohistochemitry results of metastatic lesions were not obtained. One person was diagnosed as tuberculosis and another was primary lung cancer. Among the 198 cases of primary and metastatic lesions, the discordance rates of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 were 27.3%, 34.3%, 11.8% and 15.1%, respectively.The expressions of ER, HER?2 and Ki?67 were not significantly different between the primary and metastatic lesions, however, the expressions of PR were more likely to turn negative in the metastases (P＜0.001). The disease?free survival (DFS) of patients with ER, PR positive, HER?2 negative and low expression of Ki?67 in metastatic lesion was much longer ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in metastatic lesions are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Their expression discordances between primary and metastatic lesions can guide the treatment and evaluate the risks of recurrence and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression discordances of estrogen receptor ( ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ( HER?2) and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic breast cancer specimens and explore the clinical significances. Methods Biopsies of metastatic lesions were performed in 203 patients with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis indicated by physical examination and／or imaging examination. We confirmed pathological properties and assessed the expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in primary and metastatic lesions, their relationships with prognosis were also analyzed. Results Biopsy failed in 3 patients, the pathology and immunohistochemitry results of metastatic lesions were not obtained. One person was diagnosed as tuberculosis and another was primary lung cancer. Among the 198 cases of primary and metastatic lesions, the discordance rates of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 were 27.3%, 34.3%, 11.8% and 15.1%, respectively.The expressions of ER, HER?2 and Ki?67 were not significantly different between the primary and metastatic lesions, however, the expressions of PR were more likely to turn negative in the metastases (P＜0.001). The disease?free survival (DFS) of patients with ER, PR positive, HER?2 negative and low expression of Ki?67 in metastatic lesion was much longer ( P＜0.05). Conclusions The expressions of ER, PR, HER?2 and Ki?67 in metastatic lesions are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Their expression discordances between primary and metastatic lesions can guide the treatment and evaluate the risks of recurrence and prognosis.