Ovarian aging is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with an increasing incidence over the years. It is characterized by a decline or depletion of ovarian function, including follicle quantity and/or quality. Depending on the degree of ovarian function decline, it can be classified into diseases including diminished ovarian reserve, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, etc., which are clinically characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, reproductive endocrine hormone disruption, and ultimately lead to a decline in female fertility. The pathogenesis is complex and varied, and the exact mechanism is unknown to date. Granulosa cells play a key role in ovarian hormone synthesis and disruption development, and many studies have shown that the programmed death of granulosa cells (apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, etc.) may be closely related to the occurrence and development of ovarian aging. In this article, we present a systematic review of the relevant literature with the aim of exploring the relationship between programmed cell death in granulosa cells and ovarian aging.

Ovarian aging is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with an increasing incidence over the years. It is characterized by a decline or depletion of ovarian function, including follicle quantity and/or quality. Depending on the degree of ovarian function decline, it can be classified into diseases including diminished ovarian reserve, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, etc., which are clinically characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, reproductive endocrine hormone disruption, and ultimately lead to a decline in female fertility. The pathogenesis is complex and varied, and the exact mechanism is unknown to date. Granulosa cells play a key role in ovarian hormone synthesis and disruption development, and many studies have shown that the programmed death of granulosa cells (apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, etc.) may be closely related to the occurrence and development of ovarian aging. In this article, we present a systematic review of the relevant literature with the aim of exploring the relationship between programmed cell death in granulosa cells and ovarian aging.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, which is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenemia, infertility and polycystic changes of the ovary, often accompanied by obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance. In recent years, its incidence has increased year by year, and there is no completely effective treatment. More and more studies have shown that resveratrol has potential therapeutic value for PCOS. This article mainly reviews the related research and mechanism progress of resveratrol in improving IR, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, hyperandrogenism, inflammation and oxidative stress in PCOS, as well as the application of resveratrol in PCOS with infertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Macrophages are associated with the pathogenesis, risk factors and important clinical features of PCOS. Low-grade chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages has been proved to be a key link in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This article reviewed the research progress of macrophages in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of PCOS is unclear and there is no radical cure at present. Its clinical manifestations include insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, obesity, hyperandrogenemia (HA), increased cardiovascular risk, etc. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid extracted from coptis, with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,decreasing blood lipids,treatment of IR and other multiple effects. In recent years, amounts of medical literatures have reported the therapeutic effects of BBR in PCOS, including improving hormone levels, chronic inflammation, IR, ovulation dysfunction and endometrial lesions, which shows a great prospect of clinical application. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of BBR in the treatment of PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, which is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenemia, infertility and polycystic changes of the ovary, often accompanied by obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance. In recent years, its incidence has increased year by year, and there is no completely effective treatment. More and more studies have shown that resveratrol has potential therapeutic value for PCOS. This article mainly reviews the related research and mechanism progress of resveratrol in improving IR, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, hyperandrogenism, inflammation and oxidative stress in PCOS, as well as the application of resveratrol in PCOS with infertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Macrophages are associated with the pathogenesis, risk factors and important clinical features of PCOS. Low-grade chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages has been proved to be a key link in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This article reviewed the research progress of macrophages in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of PCOS is unclear and there is no radical cure at present. Its clinical manifestations include insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, obesity, hyperandrogenemia (HA), increased cardiovascular risk, etc. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid extracted from coptis, with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,decreasing blood lipids,treatment of IR and other multiple effects. In recent years, amounts of medical literatures have reported the therapeutic effects of BBR in PCOS, including improving hormone levels, chronic inflammation, IR, ovulation dysfunction and endometrial lesions, which shows a great prospect of clinical application. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of BBR in the treatment of PCOS.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a clinical refractory infertility with complex etiology and nearly half of the causes are unexplained, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Decidual macrophages play an important role in embryo implantation, placenta formation, fetal development and delivery, and their number, function and phenotype are closely related to normal pregnancy. This article reviewed the research progress of decidual macrophages in recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a clinical refractory infertility with complex etiology and nearly half of the causes are unexplained, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Decidual macrophages play an important role in embryo implantation, placenta formation, fetal development and delivery, and their number, function and phenotype are closely related to normal pregnancy. This article reviewed the research progress of decidual macrophages in recurrent spontaneous abortion.