To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship and depression from a parent-adolescent dyadic perspective, as well as the mediating effect of self-compassion in their relationship.Methods:In May 2023, a total of 210 pairs of adolescents and their parents from two middle schools in Weifang, Shandong were tested with parent-child closeness scale (PCCS), self-compassion scale short form (SCSSF) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression by constructing actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model.Results:(1) Adolescents' parent-child relationship (34.81±7.07) was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion (43.55±7.66), parental parent-child relationship (36.89±5.92), and parental self-compassion (44.30±6.41) ( r=0.427, 0.215, 0.178, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression (12.15±4.37) ( r=-0.375, P<0.05) and parental depression (11.87±4.07) ( r=-0.166, P<0.05). Adolescents' self-compassion was positively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=0.179, 0.276, both P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression and parental depression ( r=-0.515, -0.194, both P<0.01). Adolescents' depression was negatively correlated with parental self-compassion ( r=-0.227, P<0.01), while positively correlated with parental depression ( r=0.147, P<0.05). Parental parent-child relationship was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion ( r=0.583, P<0.01). Parental depression was negatively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=-0.342, -0.377, both P<0.01). (2)Actor-partner interdependence analysis between parent-child relationship and depression showed that adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted their own depression ( β=-0.396, -0.395, both P<0.001), and the actor effects were significant. Both adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted each other's depression ( β=-0.211, -0.223, both P<0.01), and the partner effects were significant. (3)The actor-partner interdependence mediating analysis of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression showed that self-compassion played a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and depression in both adolescents and their parents (effect value=-0.190, -0.052, -0.256, -0.019), accounting for 49.48% (-0.190/-0.384), 13.54% (-0.052/-0.384), 61.54% (-0.256/-0.416) and 4.57% (-0.019/-0.416) of the total effect, respectively, which indicated that the actor mediating effects of adolescents and their parents were both significant. Adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between adolescents' parent-child relationship and parental depression (effect value=-0.072, -0.067), accounting for 35.29% (-0.072/-0.204) and 32.84% (-0.067/-0.204) of the total effect. Similarly, adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between parental parent-child relationship and adolescents' depression (effect value=-0.050, -0.200), accounting for 17.48% (-0.050/-0.286) and 69.93% (-0.200/-0.286) of the total effect, which indicated significant partner mediating effects were both significant. Conclusion:The parent-child relationship of both adolescents and their parents can not only directly influence the depression levels of both parties, but can also indirectly influence depression through the self-compassion of both the adolescents and their parents.

Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

Human naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for embryonic development studies. Existing induction and culture strategies for these cells, heavily dependent on MEK inhibitors, lead to widespread DNA hypomethylation, aberrant imprinting loss, and genomic instability during extended culture. Here, employing high-content analysis alongside a bifluorescence reporter system indicative of human naïve pluripotency, we screened over 1,600 chemicals and identified seven promising candidates. From these, we developed four optimized media-LAY, LADY, LUDY, and LKPY-that effectively induce and sustain PSCs in the naïve state. Notably, cells reset or cultured in these media, especially in the LAY system, demonstrate improved genome-wide DNA methylation status closely resembling that of pre-implantation counterparts, with partially restored imprinting and significantly enhanced genomic stability. Overall, our study contributes advancements to naïve pluripotency induction and long-term maintenance, providing insights for further applications of naïve PSCs.
Humans ; DNA Methylation/drug effects* ; Genomic Instability ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods* ; Cells, Cultured

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction in the treatment of symptomatic sacral canal cysts.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 80 patients with symptomatic sacral cysts who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2018 and September 2024 were collected. There were 19 males and 61 females, with an average age of (49.0±11.3) years (ranged from 23-76 years). The patients were divided into the traditional group ( n=30) and the reconstruction group ( n=50) based on the surgical approach. The traditional group underwent the conventional surgical method without reconstruction of the posterior wall of the sacral canal, while the reconstruction group underwent posterior wall reconstruction of the sacral canal. Postoperative observations included the integrity of the sacral canal posterior wall, wound healing, and symptom improvement in both groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s). Independent samples t-test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Ordinal data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. Results:Among the 80 patients, the sacral bone integrity score in the reconstruction group was (1.42±0.49) scores, compared to (3.00±0.00) scores in the traditional group, the reconstruction group showed significantly better results ( P<0.05). Symptom improvement was also significantly different between the two groups ( P=0.038): in the traditional group, 17 patients experienced complete symptom resolution, 6 partial improvement, 7 no improvement, and 0 worsening; in the reconstruction group, 37 had complete symptom resolution, 11 partial improvement, 2 no improvement, and 0 worsening. The effective improvement rate (complete+ partial improvement) in the reconstruction group was significantly better than that in the traditional group ( P=0.012). In terms of wound healing, 76 cases healed well, 4 had delayed healing, and 0 had infections. In the traditional group, 27 healed well, 3 had delayed healing, 0 infections; in the reconstruction group, 49 healed well, 1 had delayed healing, and 0 infections. There was no significant difference in wound healing rate between the two groups ( P=0.146). A significant positive correlation was found between sacral canal posterior wall integrity and symptom improvement ( r=0.288, P=0.010). Conclusion:Sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction significantly improves postoperative anatomical integrity and clinical outcomes without increasing complications, supporting its adoption as a preferred surgical approach for symptomatic sacral canal cysts.

Background Kurtosis reflecting noise's temporal structure is an effective metric for evaluating noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and its threshold is still unclear. Objective To explore the energy range of kurtosis and the threshold of NIHL induced by kurtosis in this energy rangeMethods Using cross-sectional design, 4631 noise-exposed workers in manufacturing industry were selected. The hearing loss and noise exposure data of each worker were collected. Logistic regression model was used to establish the dose-response relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss and estimate the range of energy effects. Restricted cubic spline model was utilized to analyze the dose-response relationship curves of kurtosis to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHI) and high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (HFNIHL) under different 8 h equivalent sound levels (L_{EX,8 h}), as well as to estimate the kurtosis effect threshold. Results The logistic regression model analysis showed that the prevalence of NIHI and HFNIHL increased significantly with increase of L_{EX,8 h} for steady noise; when L_{EX,8 h} of non-steady noise was 80-100 dB(A), the risk of hearing loss increased with an increase in kurtosis (P<0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed that when L_{EX,8 h} of non-steady noise was 0-80 dB(A) or >100 dB(A), there was no significant relationship between kurtosis and NIHI or HFNIHL. When L_{EX,8 h} was 80-100 dB(A), there was a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship between kurtosis and NIHL or HFNIHL (P <0.001), and kurtosis > 28.08 exerted effect in elevating NIHI or HFNIHL. Conclusion The effect threshold of kurtosis on NIHL is 28.08 when non-steady noise levels are in the range of 80-100 dB(A). The effect threshold of kurtosis needs further verification.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship and depression from a parent-adolescent dyadic perspective, as well as the mediating effect of self-compassion in their relationship.Methods:In May 2023, a total of 210 pairs of adolescents and their parents from two middle schools in Weifang, Shandong were tested with parent-child closeness scale (PCCS), self-compassion scale short form (SCSSF) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression by constructing actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model.Results:(1) Adolescents' parent-child relationship (34.81±7.07) was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion (43.55±7.66), parental parent-child relationship (36.89±5.92), and parental self-compassion (44.30±6.41) ( r=0.427, 0.215, 0.178, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression (12.15±4.37) ( r=-0.375, P<0.05) and parental depression (11.87±4.07) ( r=-0.166, P<0.05). Adolescents' self-compassion was positively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=0.179, 0.276, both P<0.01), while negatively correlated with adolescents' depression and parental depression ( r=-0.515, -0.194, both P<0.01). Adolescents' depression was negatively correlated with parental self-compassion ( r=-0.227, P<0.01), while positively correlated with parental depression ( r=0.147, P<0.05). Parental parent-child relationship was positively correlated with adolescents' self-compassion ( r=0.583, P<0.01). Parental depression was negatively correlated with parental parent-child relationship and parental self-compassion ( r=-0.342, -0.377, both P<0.01). (2)Actor-partner interdependence analysis between parent-child relationship and depression showed that adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted their own depression ( β=-0.396, -0.395, both P<0.001), and the actor effects were significant. Both adolescents' and parental parent-child relationship negatively predicted each other's depression ( β=-0.211, -0.223, both P<0.01), and the partner effects were significant. (3)The actor-partner interdependence mediating analysis of self-compassion between parent-child relationship and depression showed that self-compassion played a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and depression in both adolescents and their parents (effect value=-0.190, -0.052, -0.256, -0.019), accounting for 49.48% (-0.190/-0.384), 13.54% (-0.052/-0.384), 61.54% (-0.256/-0.416) and 4.57% (-0.019/-0.416) of the total effect, respectively, which indicated that the actor mediating effects of adolescents and their parents were both significant. Adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between adolescents' parent-child relationship and parental depression (effect value=-0.072, -0.067), accounting for 35.29% (-0.072/-0.204) and 32.84% (-0.067/-0.204) of the total effect. Similarly, adolescents' and parental self-compassion played mediating effects between parental parent-child relationship and adolescents' depression (effect value=-0.050, -0.200), accounting for 17.48% (-0.050/-0.286) and 69.93% (-0.200/-0.286) of the total effect, which indicated significant partner mediating effects were both significant. Conclusion:The parent-child relationship of both adolescents and their parents can not only directly influence the depression levels of both parties, but can also indirectly influence depression through the self-compassion of both the adolescents and their parents.

Objective To investigate the current status and awareness of pharmaceutical services in hospitals in Guizhou province and to provide a reference for exploring and carrying out pharmaceutical service fees.Methods The questionnaire was designed by the"wjx.cn"website.Three kinds of questionnaires were designed for pharmacists,doctors,nurses,and patients as the research objects,with corresponding differences in some questions,and promoted on WeChat,Dingxiangyuan,and other network platforms.Results A total of 655 questionnaires were collected,and 639 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 97.56%.324 pharmacists(50.70%),82 doctors and nurses(12.83%),233 patients(36.46%)were surveyed.The average approval score of these three groups of respondents on pharmaceutical service fees was 4.67,4.23,and 4.22,respectively(full score:5).Conclusions Overall,pharmacists'professional services have received support from medical staff and patients.However,patients'pharmaceutical service projects currently focus on dispensing services.The recognition of pharmacists'work and the public's awareness of pharmaceutical services can be improved by enhancing the professional ability of pharmacists,strengthening publicity and guidance,and exploring"Internet+pharmaceutical services",etc.,to promote the sustainable development of pharmaceutical services.

Objective To investigate the current status of off-label drug use(OLDU)management in tertiary hospitals of Guizhou province and to provide baseline evidence for developing a unified administration regulation for OLDU in Guizhou province.Methods In line with the relevant policies and regulations,a questionnaire including basic information about the person filling out the form,basic information about the hospitals,and information about OLDU was developed.The questionnaire was sent to 84 tertiary hospitals in Guizhou province through the Wenjuanxing.Results A total of 84 questionnaires were distributed and recovered,with a response rate of 100.00%.Of the 84 hospitals,77 had OLDU,of which 68(88.31%)had established a management system for OLDU.Among the 77 hospitals with OLDU,65(84.42%),42(54.55%),58(75.32%),36(46.75%),15(19.48%),and 21(27.27%)hospitals respectively,required approval from the Committee on Drug Administration and Pharmacotherapy before OLDU,restricted the qualifications of doctors prescribing OLDU,required informed consent from patients or their families before OLDU,recorded the matters and reasons in the medical records of patients treated with OLDU,followed up patients in their files and evaluated the reasonableness of the OLDU,and carried out special reviews for OLDU.Only 30(38.96%)hospitals have set up a catalogue of OLDUs,and 58(75.32%)hospitals have urgent needs to set up a unified provincial catalogue of OLDUs.Conclusion The pharmacy administration level of OLDU in tertiary hospitals of Guizhou province is relatively low,so there is an urgent need to establish a unified OLDU management system and medication catalog.

Protein as the allergens could lead to allergy. In addition, a widespread class of allergens were known as glycans of N-glycoprotein. N-glycoprotein contained oligosaccharide linked by covalent bonds with protein. Recently,studies implicated that allergy was associated with glycans of heterologous N-glycoprotein found in food, inhalants, insect toxins, etc. The N-glycan structure of N-glycoprotein allergen has exerted an influence on the binding between allergens and IgE, while the recognition and presentation of allergens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were also affected. Some researches showed thatN-glycan structure of allergen was remodeled by N-glycosidase, such as cFase I, gpcXylase, as binding of allergen and IgE partly decreased. Thus, allergic problems caused by N-glycoproteins could potentially be solved by modifying or altering the structure ofN-glycoprotein allergens, addressing the root of the issue. Mechanism of N-glycans associated allergy could also be elaborated through glycosylation enzymes, alterations of host glycosylation. This article hopes to provide a separate insight for glycoimmunology perspective, and an alternative strategy for clinical prevention or therapy of allergic diseases.