Atherosclerosis （AS） is a vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries. It serves as the pathological basis for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is associated with a relatively high incidence of complications and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of AS， demonstrating unique therapeutic advantages through multiple targets and pathways. Ligusticum chuanxiong， a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice， contains key active components against AS， including ligustrazine， senkyunolide， ligustilide， quercetin， ferulic acid， vanillic acid， chlorogenic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， caffeic acid， chrysophanol， and β-sitosterol. Recent literature indicates that these active components can regulate AS through multiple mechanisms， including improving endothelial cell dysfunction， alleviating lipid metabolism disorders， inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation， suppressing the invasion， proliferation， and migration of smooth muscle cells， inhibiting apoptosis， exerting anticoagulant effects and inhibiting platelet activation， protecting mitochondrial function， and modulating intestinal flora and its metabolites， demonstrating significant pharmacological activity and clinical potential. Clinically， L. chuanxiong is often combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza， Paeonia lactiflora， Angelica sinensis， and borneol to form compound formulations， enhancing therapeutic effects and achieving synergistic anti-AS activity. Compound treatment with L. chuanxiong primarily focuses on promoting blood circulation and shows significant efficacy for different AS syndrome types. This article provides an in-depth review of the active components， drug pairs， and compound preparations of L. chuanxiong in the prevention and treatment of AS， aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent theoretical research and clinical applications in managing AS and its related complications.

Objective To systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of different surgical procedures for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Methods Computer searches were conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, with the search time limit from the inception of the databases to February 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, used the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and used Stata 17.0 software to analyze the data. Results A total of 19 randomized controlled trials involving 6139 patients were finally included, involving six surgical procedures, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the 30-day all-cause mortality rate of mitral valve repair (MVr) was significantly lower than that of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [OR=0.24, 95%CI (0.07, 0.87), P<0.01], mitral valve replacement (MVR) [OR=0.43, 95%CI (0.23, 0.79), P=0.02], CABG+MVR [OR=0.21, 95%CI (0.04, 0.95), P=0.03] and transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using MitraClip [OR=0.13, 95%CI (0.02, 0.87), P<0.01]. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate of CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that of CABG [OR=0.56, 95%CI (0.33, 0.93), P=0.02] and CABG+MVR [OR=0.48, 95%CI (0.24, 0.94), P=0.04], and the best probability ranking results showed that MVR might be the most effective in reducing the 30-day all-cause mortality rate. The incidence of renal complications in CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that in CABG+MVR [OR=0.42, 95%CI (0.21, 0.83), P=0.01]; the best probability ranking results showed that CABG+MVr might be the most effective in reducing renal complications. Conclusion The current limited evidence suggests that CABG+MVr and MVr may be the best surgical intervention methods for IMR patients at present. Due to the limitations of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training on neurophysiological indicators,muscle tone and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Eighty SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024 were selected.Patients were divided into the control group(receiving routine acupuncture combined with exercise training,40 cases)and the observation group(receiving acupuncture combined with exercise training at key muscle movement points,40 cases)according to the random number table method.The neurophysiological indicators[motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)],limb function[Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)]and quality of life[Barthel index,functional independence measure(FIM)]were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the MNCV and SNCV of median nerve,ulnar nerve,tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were increased in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were higher FMA scores,Barthel index and FIM scores in the observation group than those of the control group,while the MAS score was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training can effectively improve the neuroelectrophysiological indicators,limb functions and quality of life of SCI patients,which is feasible rehabilitation intervention program.

Objective:To investigate the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage surgery and the difference between endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventricular peritoneal shunt (VPS).Methods:A total of 158 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who received surgical treatment in the Department of Neurosurgery of the People′s Hospital of Jinan from January 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively selected as the study objects, including 78 patients with chronic hydrocephalus after surgery as the hydrocephalus group, and 80 patients with no hydrocephalus after surgery as the non-hydrocephalus group, and the CT imaging data of the patients were statistically analyzed. Hydrocephalus group was divided into ETV group (42 cases) and VPS group (36 cases) according to different treatment methods. The efficacy and quality of life of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of complications in the two groups were counted.Results:There was no significant difference between hydrocephalus group and non-hydrocephalus group in the site of cerebral hemorrhage, hematoma morphology and the proportion of patients with mixed signs, lobular signs and black hole signs (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ventricular dilation and hematoma enlargement in hydrocephalus group was significantly higher than that in non-hydrocephalus group (all P<0.05). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of hydrocephalus patients in the two groups were measured continuously at different time points, and there was no significant difference in NIHSS scores between the ETV group and the VPS group before treatment, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the ETV group and the VPS group ( P>0.05). The recurrence rate of the ETV group was lower than that of the VPS group ( P<0.05). The quality of life scores of patients in ETV group were higher than those in the VPS group at 3 months and 6 months after surgery ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CT examination of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage will show obvious characteristics of hematoma enlargement and ventricle enlargement. The efficacy of ETV and VPS in the treatment of chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage surgery is similar, but the former has a lower recurrence rate and a higher postoperative quality of life.

The year 2025 marks the 110th anniversary of the Chinese Medical Association. As one of the founding institutions of modern plastic surgery in China, Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital), has played a pioneering role in advancing the specialty since its establishment in 1955. The department has achieved remarkable innovations in key areas such as microsurgery, skin and soft tissue expansion, facial allotransplantation, and interdisciplinary integration. Through sustained efforts in platform development, talent cultivation, and scientific research, it has evolved into a comprehensive academic center. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the department’s 70-year developmental journey, highlights its major contributions, and outlines its future directions in promoting high-quality development in plastic surgery in China.

Objective:To investigate the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage surgery and the difference between endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventricular peritoneal shunt (VPS).Methods:A total of 158 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who received surgical treatment in the Department of Neurosurgery of the People′s Hospital of Jinan from January 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively selected as the study objects, including 78 patients with chronic hydrocephalus after surgery as the hydrocephalus group, and 80 patients with no hydrocephalus after surgery as the non-hydrocephalus group, and the CT imaging data of the patients were statistically analyzed. Hydrocephalus group was divided into ETV group (42 cases) and VPS group (36 cases) according to different treatment methods. The efficacy and quality of life of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of complications in the two groups were counted.Results:There was no significant difference between hydrocephalus group and non-hydrocephalus group in the site of cerebral hemorrhage, hematoma morphology and the proportion of patients with mixed signs, lobular signs and black hole signs (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ventricular dilation and hematoma enlargement in hydrocephalus group was significantly higher than that in non-hydrocephalus group (all P<0.05). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of hydrocephalus patients in the two groups were measured continuously at different time points, and there was no significant difference in NIHSS scores between the ETV group and the VPS group before treatment, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the ETV group and the VPS group ( P>0.05). The recurrence rate of the ETV group was lower than that of the VPS group ( P<0.05). The quality of life scores of patients in ETV group were higher than those in the VPS group at 3 months and 6 months after surgery ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CT examination of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage will show obvious characteristics of hematoma enlargement and ventricle enlargement. The efficacy of ETV and VPS in the treatment of chronic hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage surgery is similar, but the former has a lower recurrence rate and a higher postoperative quality of life.

Aim To investigate the regulatory mecha-nisms of donepezil on the expression and enzymatic ac-tivity of cytochrome P450 3A4(CYP3A4),elucidate the synergistic impact of hypoxia on CYP3A4 function,and reveal its potential association with drug-induced cardiotoxicity,particularly QT interval prolongation.Methods Western blot,co-immunoprecipitation,and gene knockdown techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of donepezil and hypoxia on CYP3A4 pro-tein expression.CYP3A4 enzymatic activity was as-sessed using an in vitro incubation system with rat liver microsomes combined with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the half-maximal inhib-itory concentration(IC50)was determined.Results Donepezil(10 μmol·L-1)and hypoxia reduced CYP3A4 protein expression to 31.75％and 45.90％of the control levels,respectively.Both interventions activated the gp78-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome path-way,significantly increasing CYP3A4 ubiquitination levels by 2.1-fold compared to the control group,thereby promoting proteasomal degradation.Donepezil inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity with an IC50 of 83.4μmol·L-1,and hypoxia synergistically enhanced this inhibitory effect,reducing the IC50 to 20.79 μmol·L-1.Conclusion Donepezil downregulates CYP3A4 function through dual mechanisms involving ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation and direct enzymatic inhibition.Hypoxia potentiates this effect,leading to impaired metabolism of CYP3A4 substrate drugs,ele-vated plasma drug concentrations(1.6-2.3-fold in-crease compared to normal metabolic conditions),and an increased risk of QT interval prolongation and other forms of cardiotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training on neurophysiological indicators,muscle tone and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Eighty SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024 were selected.Patients were divided into the control group(receiving routine acupuncture combined with exercise training,40 cases)and the observation group(receiving acupuncture combined with exercise training at key muscle movement points,40 cases)according to the random number table method.The neurophysiological indicators[motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)],limb function[Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)]and quality of life[Barthel index,functional independence measure(FIM)]were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the MNCV and SNCV of median nerve,ulnar nerve,tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were increased in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were higher FMA scores,Barthel index and FIM scores in the observation group than those of the control group,while the MAS score was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training can effectively improve the neuroelectrophysiological indicators,limb functions and quality of life of SCI patients,which is feasible rehabilitation intervention program.

Objective To explore the gender differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in patients with depression.Methods From January 2021 to June 2024,375 patients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)criteria for depression were selected by convenience sampling from the Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the 24-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-24),while cognitive function was evaluated using a series of neuropsychological assessment tools,including the trail making test,logical memory,figure memory,digit symbol substitution test,digit span backward,and Wisconsin card sorting test.Network analysis was performed using R software to examine the relationships between symptoms and cognitive function.Results The core symptom factors and core cognitive domains for male depressive patients are sleep disturbances(strength=1.253)and information processing speed(strength=1.605),respectively;In contrast,female patients exhiboted emotional stagnation(strength=1.322)and working memory(strength=1.289).Sleep disturbances and emotional stagnation were the bridging nodes(bridge strength=1.253 and 1.322)for male and female patients,respectively.The correlation stability(CS)coefficients for the node strength centrality in male and female patient groups were 0.514 and 0.515,respectively,both exceeding threshold of 0.25,indicating good network stability.There were no significant differences between genders in terms of global network strength(male vs.female:2.22 vs.4.87;P=0.356)and edge weight distribution(P=0.293).Conclusion The network relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in depression patients show significant gender differences.Sleep disturbance and information processing speed play central roles in males,whereas emotional retardation and working memory impairment are core features in females.These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing gender-specific intervention strategies.

Objective:Based on a single-center retrospective study,to explore the efficacy of intervertebral fusion through different approaches combined with pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of single-segment low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 87 patients with single-segment low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis who were treated in our hospital from January 2021 to August 2022,the cases were divided into Group A(41 cases)and Group B(46 cases)according to the differences in surgical methods.Group A received treatment with posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)combined with pedicle screw internal fixation,while Group B received treatment with percutaneous endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PE-PLIF)combined with pedicle screw internal fixation.Both groups were followed up for two years.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of the waist and legs,perioperative indicators,recovery of lumbar function[Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score],and serum inflammatory mediators levels[interleukin-1α(IL-1α),transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),interleukin-6(IL-6)],the rate of lumbar interbody fusion,the rate of lumbar spondylolisthesis and the incidence of postoperative complications of the two groups were compared.Results:The operation time and the number of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy sessions in group B were both more than those in group A,while the hospital stay,the intraoperative blood loss and total incision length in Group B were all shorter than those in group A(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the waist and legs in both groups decreased at 3 d after operation and the last follow-up(P＜0.05),and the VAS scores of the waist and legs in group B were lower than those in group A(P＜0.05).The ODI scores of both groups decreased at 3 d after operation and the last follow-up,and the ODI scores of group B were lower than those in group A;The JOA score increased,and the JOA scores of group B were all higher than those in group A(P＜0.05).Serum IL-1α,TGF-β1 and IL-6 levels in both groups decreased at 3 d and 7 d after operation,and serum IL-1α,TGF-β1 and IL-6 levels in group B were all lower than those in group A(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications,the rate of lumbar interbody fusion,and the rate of lumbar spondylolisthesis between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Compared with PLIF,PE-PLIF combined with pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of single-segment low-grade lumbar.spondylolisthesis,can better relieve the degree of pain of the waist and legs,improve lumbar dysfunction,regulate serum inflammatory mediators levels more effectively,and has higher safety and significant therapeutic efficacy.