The co-infection of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) poses a severe challenge for the prevention and control of infectious disease, resulting in poor clinical outcomes of the patients and risk for wide spread. As steady progress in global health, the co-infection of HIV/MTB has been basically controlled, and the new cases are generally declining. However, its incidence remained high in resource-limited areas. The incidence of the co-infection of HIV/MTB is associated with the interaction among individual, social, health service, and natural factors. Comprehensive measures are needed to reduce this disease burden. This paper summarized the epidemiological characteristics of the co-infection of HIV/MTB and influencing factors both at home and abroad to provide evidence for the identifications of high-risk populations and areas and development of targeted prevention measures for the purpose of reduce the incidence of co-infection of HIV/MTB.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a key population in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Despite the remarkable advancements in AIDS prevention and treatment, the HIV infection prevalence and incidence in MSM with high risk behaviors remain higher. In recent years, the utilization of novel AIDS prevention services, such as HIV self-testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) in MSM gradually increased. However, the promotion of these services still faces dual challenges: insufficient support from the health system and low individual acceptance. HIV prevention services can not only provide direct biomedical protection for MSM but also reshape their behavior patterns by influencing their risk perception. These services have dual impacts on MSM's behaviors. On one hand, they might lead to an increase in high risk behaviors. On the other hand, these services improve MSM's health awareness and reduce high risk behaviors. This paper summarizes the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and related high risk behaviors in MSM, with a focus on the utilization of HIV self-testing,PrEP/PEP, as well as their impact on high risk behaviors of MSM for the further promotion of HIV prevention services and improvement of intervention strategies.

The co-infection of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) poses a severe challenge for the prevention and control of infectious disease, resulting in poor clinical outcomes of the patients and risk for wide spread. As steady progress in global health, the co-infection of HIV/MTB has been basically controlled, and the new cases are generally declining. However, its incidence remained high in resource-limited areas. The incidence of the co-infection of HIV/MTB is associated with the interaction among individual, social, health service, and natural factors. Comprehensive measures are needed to reduce this disease burden. This paper summarized the epidemiological characteristics of the co-infection of HIV/MTB and influencing factors both at home and abroad to provide evidence for the identifications of high-risk populations and areas and development of targeted prevention measures for the purpose of reduce the incidence of co-infection of HIV/MTB.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a key population in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Despite the remarkable advancements in AIDS prevention and treatment, the HIV infection prevalence and incidence in MSM with high risk behaviors remain higher. In recent years, the utilization of novel AIDS prevention services, such as HIV self-testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) in MSM gradually increased. However, the promotion of these services still faces dual challenges: insufficient support from the health system and low individual acceptance. HIV prevention services can not only provide direct biomedical protection for MSM but also reshape their behavior patterns by influencing their risk perception. These services have dual impacts on MSM's behaviors. On one hand, they might lead to an increase in high risk behaviors. On the other hand, these services improve MSM's health awareness and reduce high risk behaviors. This paper summarizes the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and related high risk behaviors in MSM, with a focus on the utilization of HIV self-testing,PrEP/PEP, as well as their impact on high risk behaviors of MSM for the further promotion of HIV prevention services and improvement of intervention strategies.