Objective To investigate current management of external auditory canal irrigation among the nurses in otolaryngology in Guangdong Province,and to provide a reference for development and promotion of a standardised procedure.Methods From January to February in 2022,a total of 48 head nurses or nursing backbone in otolaryngology department of 48 hospitals from 21 major cities in Guangdong Province were selected by convenience sampling.A questionnaire proposed by Otolaryngology Nursing Committee of Guangdong Nursing Association was used to investigate the knowledge,operation procedure and training management in external auditory canal irrigation.Results A total of 48 head nurses or nursing backbone responded to the survey.The survey revealed that 34(70.8%)of the participants had mastered the knowledge of external auditory canal irrigation and 38(79.2%)of them had mastered the knowledge on the irrigation indications.In terms of operation procedure,syringe was applied as irrigator in 43(89.6%)hospitals,disposable irrigation needle was applied as flushing connector in 24(50.0%)hospitals,body surface temperature test of operator or patient was carried out in 24(50.0%)hospitals and adjusted flushing pressure was applied according to patients'feedback in 37(77.1%)hospitals.Regarding the training of external auditory canal irritation,35(72.9%)hospitals did not ask patients to sign an informed consent before,29(60.4%)hospitals required qualifications for operator and 45(93.7%)hospitals had the training programs.Conclusions The knowledge of external auditory canal irrigation of otolaryngology nurses in Guangdong province needs to be improved.The management of procedure and training of external auditory canal irrigation shall be standardised.It is suggested that the profession should draw up the external auditory canal irrigation standard,and all hospitals strengthen the management and training in order to promote the standardisation of specialised nursing together.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of quercetin against testicular oxidative damage induced by a mixture of 3 commonly used phthalates (MPEs) in rats. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, MPEs exposure group, and MPEs with low-, median- and high-dose quercetin treatment groups. For MPEs exposure, the rats were subjected to intragastric administration of MPEs at the daily dose of 900 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days; Quercetin treatments were administered in the same manner at the daily dose of 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg. After the treatments, serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testicular malondialdeyhde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected, and testicular pathologies of the rats were observed with HE staining. The expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH2 associated protein 1 (Keap1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the testis were detected using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the rats with MPEs exposure showed significant reductions of the anogenital distance, weight of the testis and epididymis, and the coefficients of the testis and epididymis with lowered serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (P < 0.05). Testicular histological examination revealed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic arrest, and hyperplasia of the Leydig cells in MPEs-exposed rats. MPEs exposure also caused significant increments of testicular Nrf2, MDA, SOD, CAT and HO-1 expressions and lowered testicular Keap1 expression (P < 0.05). Treatment with quercetin at the median and high doses significantly ameliorated the pathological changes induced by MPEs exposure (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Quercetin treatment inhibits MPEs-induced oxidative testicular damage in rats possibly by direct scavenging of free radicals to lower testicular oxidative stress and restore the regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Testis ; Quercetin/pharmacology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; Testosterone/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Luteinizing Hormone

Objective To analyze the risk factors of adverse drug reactions related to iodinated contrast medium.Methods All the hospitalized patients,who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from April 20th 2013 to July 20th 2013 in Beijing Hospital,were investigated using a questionnaire on usage of iodinated contrast medium designed by the research group.The investigation included patients' basic information,main discharge diagnosis,information on surgery,combined drugs,the results of laboratory tests before and after using iodinated contrast medium,and information on adverse drug reactions and adverse events.The questionnaire was filled in by the research group according to the patient's subjective feelings one day after surgery and on discharge and the medical records.Using the patient's sex,age,body mass index (BMI),CAG or PCI,usage of iodinated contrast medium,allergic history,history of drinking,coexisting diseases,kinds of iodinated contrast medium used this time,and combined drugs as independent variables,the whole iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions and adverse reactions of single system were studied by the single-factor analysis.The significant statistical variables were selected and the logistic regression analysis including odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) was performed.Results Totally 581 patients were enrolled into this study; 364 were men (62.7％) and 217 women (38.3％) with an average age of (65 ± 12) years (29-90).The patients' levels of BMI were 15.8-41.0 kg/m2 with an average level of (25.5 ± 3.4) kg/m2.Of them,338 patients (58.2％) underwent CAG and 243 patients (41.8％) underwent PCI.The number of patients receiving iohexol injection (Shuangbei),iohexol injection (Omnipaque),iodixanol injection (Visipaque),and iopromide injection (Ultravist) were 173 (29.8％),160 (27.5％),164 (28.2％),and 84 (14.5％),respectively.And the dosage of iodinated contrast medium was 23-500 ml with an average dose of (136 ± 77) ml.Of the 581 patients,69 patients (11.9％) developed iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions.The incidences of Shuangbei,Omnipaque,Visipaque,and Ultravist were respectively 12.7％ (22/173),7.5％ (12/160),18.3％ (30/164),and 6.0％ (5/84)and there were no statistically significant differences among the different kinds (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The 69 patients experienced 88 adverse reactions in total including 60 mild reactions and 28 moderate reactions.These reactions involved skin and accessories (23 reactions,26.1％),central and peripheral nervous system (17 reactions,19.4％),gastro-intestinal system (14 reactions,15.9％),autonomic nervous system (12 reactions,13.6％),urinary system (12 reactions,13.6％),systemic disorders (8 reactions,9.1％),and musculoskeletal system (2 reactions,2.3％).The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of skin and accessories disorders were duration of hospital stay (OR =1.083,95％ CI:1.024-1.146,P =0.005),history of liver disease (OR =4.483,95％ CI:1.815-11.072,P =0.001),and allergic history (OR =5.686,95％ CI:2.136-15.135,P =0.001) ; the risk factors of gastro-intestinal system disorders were history of liver disease (OR =3.879,95％ CI:1.110-13.552,P =0.034) and insulin use (OR =3.764,95％ CI:1.087-12.027,P =0.036) ; the risk factors of central and peripheral nervous system disorders was allergic history (OR =6.778,95％ CI:1.187-38.685,P =0.031) ; the risk factors of urinary system disorders was anti-infective drug use (OR =6.918,95％ CI:1.425-33.589,P =0.016) ; the risk factors of musculoskeletal system disorders was BMI (OR =0.608,95％ CI:0.376-0.984,P =0.043); the risk factors of the systemic reactions were history of liver disease (OR =2.925,95％ CI:1.412-6.061,P =0.004),having PCI (OR =2.546,95 ％ CI:1.071-6.054,P =0.034),underweight (OR =10.743,95％ CI:2.040-56.572,P =0.005),and allergic history (OR =2.925,95％ CI:1.191-7.183,P =0.019).Conclusions The main risk factors of adverse drug reactions related to iodinated contrast medium to different system were different.The main systemic risk factors of the iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions were history of liver disease,underweight,and allergic history.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of adverse drug reactions related to iodinated contrast medium.Methods All the hospitalized patients,who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from April 20th 2013 to July 20th 2013 in Beijing Hospital,were investigated using a questionnaire on usage of iodinated contrast medium designed by the research group.The investigation included patients' basic information,main discharge diagnosis,information on surgery,combined drugs,the results of laboratory tests before and after using iodinated contrast medium,and information on adverse drug reactions and adverse events.The questionnaire was filled in by the research group according to the patient's subjective feelings one day after surgery and on discharge and the medical records.Using the patient's sex,age,body mass index (BMI),CAG or PCI,usage of iodinated contrast medium,allergic history,history of drinking,coexisting diseases,kinds of iodinated contrast medium used this time,and combined drugs as independent variables,the whole iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions and adverse reactions of single system were studied by the single-factor analysis.The significant statistical variables were selected and the logistic regression analysis including odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) was performed.Results Totally 581 patients were enrolled into this study; 364 were men (62.7％) and 217 women (38.3％) with an average age of (65 ± 12) years (29-90).The patients' levels of BMI were 15.8-41.0 kg/m2 with an average level of (25.5 ± 3.4) kg/m2.Of them,338 patients (58.2％) underwent CAG and 243 patients (41.8％) underwent PCI.The number of patients receiving iohexol injection (Shuangbei),iohexol injection (Omnipaque),iodixanol injection (Visipaque),and iopromide injection (Ultravist) were 173 (29.8％),160 (27.5％),164 (28.2％),and 84 (14.5％),respectively.And the dosage of iodinated contrast medium was 23-500 ml with an average dose of (136 ± 77) ml.Of the 581 patients,69 patients (11.9％) developed iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions.The incidences of Shuangbei,Omnipaque,Visipaque,and Ultravist were respectively 12.7％ (22/173),7.5％ (12/160),18.3％ (30/164),and 6.0％ (5/84)and there were no statistically significant differences among the different kinds (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The 69 patients experienced 88 adverse reactions in total including 60 mild reactions and 28 moderate reactions.These reactions involved skin and accessories (23 reactions,26.1％),central and peripheral nervous system (17 reactions,19.4％),gastro-intestinal system (14 reactions,15.9％),autonomic nervous system (12 reactions,13.6％),urinary system (12 reactions,13.6％),systemic disorders (8 reactions,9.1％),and musculoskeletal system (2 reactions,2.3％).The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of skin and accessories disorders were duration of hospital stay (OR =1.083,95％ CI:1.024-1.146,P =0.005),history of liver disease (OR =4.483,95％ CI:1.815-11.072,P =0.001),and allergic history (OR =5.686,95％ CI:2.136-15.135,P =0.001) ; the risk factors of gastro-intestinal system disorders were history of liver disease (OR =3.879,95％ CI:1.110-13.552,P =0.034) and insulin use (OR =3.764,95％ CI:1.087-12.027,P =0.036) ; the risk factors of central and peripheral nervous system disorders was allergic history (OR =6.778,95％ CI:1.187-38.685,P =0.031) ; the risk factors of urinary system disorders was anti-infective drug use (OR =6.918,95％ CI:1.425-33.589,P =0.016) ; the risk factors of musculoskeletal system disorders was BMI (OR =0.608,95％ CI:0.376-0.984,P =0.043); the risk factors of the systemic reactions were history of liver disease (OR =2.925,95％ CI:1.412-6.061,P =0.004),having PCI (OR =2.546,95 ％ CI:1.071-6.054,P =0.034),underweight (OR =10.743,95％ CI:2.040-56.572,P =0.005),and allergic history (OR =2.925,95％ CI:1.191-7.183,P =0.019).Conclusions The main risk factors of adverse drug reactions related to iodinated contrast medium to different system were different.The main systemic risk factors of the iodinated contrast medium-related adverse reactions were history of liver disease,underweight,and allergic history.

Polymyxin E and polymyxin B were the polypeptide antibiotic which were obtained from the Bacillus polymyxa medium. They were used to treat the resistant bacterial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia. The adverse reactions of polymyxin E were renal toxicity and nervous system toxicity. Age,dose and the combination with other drugs are the risk factors of renal toxicity. Combination with antioxidant,free radical scavenger and some Chinese medicine with protective effect on the kidney may reduce the renal toxicity of polymyxin E and improve the curative effect. Patients with renal insufficiency do not need to adjust the dose when they used polymyxin E and polymyxin B. Novel derivatives of polymyxin had lower renal toxicity.

Polymyxin E and polymyxin B were the polypeptide antibiotic which were obtained from the Bacillus polymyxa medium. They were used to treat the resistant bacterial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia. The adverse reactions of polymyxin E were renal toxicity and nervous system toxicity. Age,dose and the combination with other drugs are the risk factors of renal toxicity. Combination with antioxidant,free radical scavenger and some Chinese medicine with protective effect on the kidney may reduce the renal toxicity of polymyxin E and improve the curative effect. Patients with renal insufficiency do not need to adjust the dose when they used polymyxin E and polymyxin B. Novel derivatives of polymyxin had lower renal toxicity.