OBJECTIVE: To investigate of effectiveness of free fascia lata flap assisted by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in treatment of Myerson type Ⅱ and Ⅲ chronic Achilles tendon ruptures. METHODS: A clinical data of 14 patients with Myerson type Ⅱ and Ⅲ chronic Achilles tendon ruptures between March 2020 and June 2024 was retrospectively analyzed. All Achilles tendon defects were repaired with the free fascia lata assisted by ICGA during operation. There were 12 males and 2 females with an average age of 45.4 years (range, 26-71 years). The causes of Achilles tendon rupture included sports injury in 10 cases, Achilles tendon-related tendinopathy in 3 cases, and glass laceration injury in 1 case. The time from Achilles tendon rupture to operation was 4-40 weeks (median, 4.5 weeks). Preoperative MRI examination showed that the defect length of the Achilles tendon was 2-5 cm (mean, 3.2 cm). The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. The color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and MRI were taken to observe the foot blood vessels and the tendon healing. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Achilles Tendon rupture score (ATRS), and range of motion of the ankle joint were used to estimate the pain and function of ankle joint. RESULTS: All operations of the 14 patients were successfully completed. The operation time ranged from 3.00 to 4.50 hours (mean, 3.60 hours). The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 10 to 50 mL (mean, 36.4 mL). After operation, 1 patient had exudation at the recipient site, which healed after dressing change; the other incisions healed by first intention. All incisions at the donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-36 months (mean, 11.4 months). The CDU of the foot at 1 month after operation showed that the blood flow signal of the perforating vessels of the fascia lata flap was clear. The ankle MRI at 2 months after operation showed the good continuity of the Achilles tendon. No complication such as the Achilles tendon re-rupture, ankle stiffness, or scar contracture occurred during follow-up. Compared with preoperative score, the AOFAS score, ATRS score, and plantar flexion range of motion significantly increased at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation ( P<0.05), while the VAS score and dorsiflexion range of motion significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The AOFAS score, ATRS score, and VAS score at 3 and 6 months further improved when compared with those at 1 month ( P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the range of motion of the ankle joint ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in above indicators between 3 and 6 months after operation ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION The treatment of Myerson type Ⅱ and Ⅲ chronic Achilles tendon ruptures with free fascia lata flaps under the guidance of ICGA has the advantages of precise design, fast healing, and a wide range of adaptability.
Humans ; Achilles Tendon/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Indocyanine Green ; Rupture/surgery* ; Aged ; Fascia Lata/transplantation* ; Angiography/methods* ; Free Tissue Flaps/blood supply* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Tendon Injuries/diagnostic imaging* ; Treatment Outcome ; Chronic Disease

OBJECTIVE: To explore effectiveness of musculoskeletal ultrasound combined with Wide-Awake technique in extensor indicis proprius tendon (EIP) transfer for repairing extensor pollicis longus tendon (EPL) rupture. METHODS: A clinical data of 20 patients with EPL spontaneous rupture, who were admitted between January 2019 and June 2024 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. During EIP transfer surgery, the musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided incision marking combined with Wide-Awake technique was used in combination group (n=10) and the tourniquet-assisted surgery under brachial plexus block anesthesia in the control group. There was no significant difference in the baseline data between groups (P>0.05), including gender, age, affected side, cause and location of tendon rupture, and time from injury to hospitalization. The accuracy of preoperative musculoskeletal ultrasound in predicting the actual tendon rupture site was evaluated in the combination group. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores during operation and at 6 hours after operation, total incision length, and postoperative complications were recorded. Surgical outcomes were assessed at 12 months after operation using the specific EIP-EPL evaluation method (SEEM), which included measurements of thumb elevation loss, thumb flexion loss, index finger dorsiflexion loss, and total score. RESULTS: In the combination group, the incision position marked by preoperative musculoskeletal ultrasound positioning was consistent with the actual tendon rupture position. Compared with the control group, the operation time and total incision length in the combination group were significantly shorter and the VAS score at 6 hours after operation was significantly higher (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss or intraoperative VAS score between groups (P>0.05). All incisions in both groups healed by first intention. Two patients in the control group developed swelling and blisters in the tourniquet area, which subsided spontaneously without special treatment. All patients were followed up 12-14 months, with an average of 12.5 months. The thumb dorsiflexion function of all patients recovered to varying degrees. At last follow-up, the thumb elevation loss in combination group was significantly lower than that in control group, and the total score was significantly higher (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in thumb flexion loss or index finger dorsiflexion loss between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal ultrasound can accurately locate the site of tendon rupture, assist the Wide-Awake technique in implementing precise anesthesia, and adjust tendon tension while reducing tissue trauma, with satisfactory effectiveness.
Humans ; Male ; Tendon Injuries/diagnostic imaging* ; Tendon Transfer/methods* ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography/methods* ; Rupture/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Operative Time ; Tendons/surgery* ; Young Adult

Traumatic main bronchus rupture is a relatively rare injury in thoracic trauma, which is extremely critical, with a mortality rate as high as 70% - 80%. The complete rupture and displacement of the traumatic cervical trachea can lead to asphyxia, hypoxia, and cardiac arrest, even death of the patient in a short time. We performed emergency surgery with the support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a case of traumatic cervical tracheal trunk complete rupture and displacement combined with cardiac arrest and achieved a successful rescue. We summarized our experience and found that timely surgical reconstruction of the airway is the key to increasing the traumatic main bronchus rupture survival of patients.
Humans ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Rupture ; Trachea/surgery*

Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency that may cause erectile dysfunction (ED). We analyzed the factors affecting erectile function in patients who underwent surgical repair for the management of penile fractures. Eighty-two patients who underwent penile fracture surgery in the Department of Urology, University of Gaziantep (Gaziantep, Türkiye) between January 2012 and January 2023 were evaluated. Age, body mass index, time elapsed from the incident of penile fracture to surgery, size, laterality, level of the defect, causes of fracture, presenting signs and symptoms, and relevant complications were recorded. Erectile function of the patients was evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative 3 rd and 6 th months according to the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scoring system. The factors decreasing the erection quality of the patients after surgical repair of penile fractures were investigated using IIEF-5 scoring system. Only age, defect size, and time elapsed from fracture onset to surgery were found to be effective on the occurrence of ED ( P = 0.005, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the cut-off values were 12.5 mm for defect size ( P < 0.001), 8.5 h for the time elapsed from fracture onset to surgery ( P = 0.036), and 40.5 years for the age of the patients ( P = 0.005). Delayed surgery, defect size, and advanced age had significant and negative effects on erectile function in cases of penile fracture. Before repair of the defect, patients should be given appropriate counseling about the possibility of ED, and early penile rehabilitation should be initiated.
Humans ; Male ; Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; Penis/surgery* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Young Adult ; Rupture/surgery* ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Penile Erection ; Retrospective Studies

INTRODUCTION: Diaphragm rupture (DR) is a rare pathological event usually caused by trauma. We aimed to analyse the characteristics of acute diaphragmatic injuries due to trauma and the treatment of such injuries. METHODS: This study included the data of 15 patients who sustained diaphragmatic injuries due to trauma and underwent surgery at the Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Service between January 2016 and December 2019. RESULTS: There were 240 patients who presented with abdominal trauma during the study period, and DR was detected in 15 (6.25%) of these patients. The male to female ratio was 14 to 1, and the average age of the patients was 29.66 ± 10.56 (15-46) years. The most common cause of diaphragmatic injury was penetrating abdominal injuries (86.7%). Blunt abdominal trauma accounted for 13.3% of the DR cases. Preoperative shock was present in four (26.7%) patients. Preoperative diagnosis was made in only one (6.7%) of 15 patients with DR. Other patients were diagnosed during operation. Thirteen (86.7%) patients had additional organ injuries, and two patients had isolated diaphragmatic injuries. The most frequently injured organ was the lung ( n = 7, 46.6%). Complications developed in six patients (morbidity rate 40%), and pulmonary complications were most frequently encountered ( n = 5, 33.3%). The mortality rate was 6.7%. CONCLUSION As traumatic DRs are uncommon and often associated with additional organ injuries, a careful general assessment of the patient should be made.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Diaphragm/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Abdominal Injuries/complications* ; Rupture/surgery* ; Wounds, Penetrating/surgery* ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Turkey/epidemiology*

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and fertility recovery of rudimentary horn pregnancy (RHP). Methods: The clinical data of 12 cases with RHP diagnosed and treated in Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical informations, diagnosis and treatments of RHP and the pregnancy status after surgery were analyzed. Results: The median age of 12 RHP patients was 29 years (range: 24-37 years). Eight cases of pregnancy in residual horn of uterus occurred in type Ⅰ residual horn of uterus, 4 cases occurred in type Ⅱ residual horn of uterus; among which 5 cases were misdiagnosed by ultrasound before surgery. All patients underwent excision of residual horn of uterus and affected salpingectomy. After surgery, 9 patients expected future pregnancy, and 3 cases of natural pregnancy, 2 cases of successful pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology. Four pregnancies resulted in live birth with cesarean section, and 1 case resulted in spontaneous abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. No uterine rupture or ectopic pregnancy occurred in subsequent pregnancies. Conclusions: Ultrasonography could aid early diagnosis of RHP while misdiagnosis occurred in certain cases. Thus, a comprehensive judgment and decision ought to be made based on medical history, physical examination and assisted examination. Surgical exploration is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of RHP. For infertile patients, assisted reproductive technology should be applied when necessary. Caution to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy complications such as uterine rupture, and application of cesarean section to terminate pregnancy are recommended.
Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy, Ectopic/surgery* ; Pregnancy, Cornual/surgery* ; Uterus/surgery* ; Uterine Rupture/etiology* ; Abortion, Spontaneous

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positional relationship between protective channel and sural nerve while treating acute Achilles tendon rupture with channel assisted minimally invasive repair (CAMIR) technique based on anatomical observations of cadaver specimens. METHODS: Twelve adult cadaveric lower limb specimens (6 left, 6 right) were utilized. A CAMIR device was implanted at a distance of 4 cm from the proximal end of the specimen to the Achilles tendon insertion. The skin was incised along the tendon's medial side, the sural nerve was dissected, and the positional relationship with the protective channel was observed. The distance from the sural nerve-Achilles tendon intersection to the calcaneal insertion, the vertical distance between protective channel and the calcaneal insertion, and the horizontal distance between the sural nerve and protective channel were measured by using vernier caliper. RESULTS: Anatomical examination demonstrated a variable positional relationship between the sural nerve and protective channel, with the sural nerve positioned above (8 specimens) or below (4 specimens) the protective channel. The distance from the sural nerve-Achilles tendon intersection to the calcaneal insertion was (105.67±14.94) mm, the vertical distance between protective channel and the calcaneal insertion was (93.20±9.57) mm, and the horizontal distance between the sural nerve and protective channel was (0.31±0.14) mm. CONCLUSION The use of CAMIR technique for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture can effectively avoid iatrogenic injury to the sural nerve.
Humans ; Achilles Tendon/injuries* ; Sural Nerve/anatomy & histology* ; Cadaver ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Tendon Injuries/surgery* ; Rupture/surgery* ; Adult ; Male ; Calcaneus/injuries* ; Female ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of Achillon Achilles tendon suture guide combined with circuit suture under the perineural channel and Krachow suture with posterolateral incision of Achilles tendon in the treatment of Kuwada type Ⅱ acute closed Achilles tendon rupture. METHODS: The clinical data of 38 patients with Kuwada type Ⅱ acute closed Achilles tendon rupture who met the selection criteria between January 2020 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Krachow suture via posterolateral incision was used in 24 cases (traditional group), and Achillon Achilles tendon suture guide combined with circuit suture via perineural channel was used in 14 cases (minimally invasive group). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, gender, body mass index, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, characteristics of Achilles tendon injury (broken end distance, stump length), and preoperative Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot function score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, incision length, hospital stay, and complications (re-tear, incision infection, sural nerve irritation, deep venous thrombosis) were recorded. ATRS score and AOFAS ankle and hindfoot function score were used to evaluate the effectiveness before operation and at 3 and 6 months after operation. RESULTS: All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time, incision length, and hospital stay in the minimally invasive group were significantly shorter than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 8-16 months, with an average of 12.7 months. There was no sural nerve injury or re-tear of Achilles tendon in both groups. In the traditional group, 1 case had incision infection,1 case had suture rejection, and 1 case had intermuscular venous thrombosis; in the minimally invasive group, no incision healing complication, suture knot discomfort, or thrombosis occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P=0.283). The ATRS score and AOFAS ankle and hindfoot function score of the two groups were improved after operation, but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). Except that there was no significant difference in AOFAS ankle and hindfoot function scores between the two groups at 6 months after operation ( P>0.05), the ATRS scores and AOFAS ankle and hindfoot function scores in the minimally invasive group were significantly better than those in the traditional group at other time points ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION The treatment of Kuwada type Ⅱ acute closed Achilles tendon rupture with Achillon Achilles tendon suture guide combined with circuit suture via the perineural channel has similar ankle function comparable to traditional operation, but the incision is smaller and the incidenc of incision infection is lower, which is beneficial for patients to recover early ankle function.
Humans ; Achilles Tendon/injuries* ; Suture Techniques ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendon Injuries/surgery* ; Rupture/surgery* ; Sutures ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Female ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference in effectiveness between a dynamic rehabilitation protocol and a traditional static rehabilitation protocol after the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture with channel assisted minimally invasive repair (CAMIR) technique through a prospective comparative trial, aiming to provide a reference for clinically selecting a feasible treatment regimen. METHODS: Patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture admitted between June 2021 and June 2022 were included in the study, with 60 patients meeting the selection criteria. They were randomly divided into a dynamic rehabilitation group ( n=30) and a static rehabilitation group ( n=30) using a computer-generated random number method. There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, body mass index, smoking history, injured side, cause of injury, and disease duration between the two groups ( P>0.05). After Achilles tendon anastomosis by using CAMIR technique, the dynamic rehabilitation group implemented early partial weight-bearing training with the assistance of an Achilles heel boot and controlled ankle joint exercises for 6 weeks, while the static rehabilitation group maintained a non-weight-bearing status during this period. Complications in both groups were recorded. At 3 and 6 months after operation, the Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) was used to evaluate the degree of functional limitation of the Achilles tendon in the affected limb, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12 scale) was used to assess the patients' quality of life, including physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. RESULTS: No sural nerve injury occurred during operation in both groups. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 14 months). The dynamic rehabilitation group had significantly higher ATRS scores at 3 and 6 months after operation compared to the static rehabilitation group ( P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, the dynamic rehabilitation group had significantly lower PCS, MCS, and SF-12 total scores compared to the static rehabilitation group ( P<0.05). At 6 months, all quality of life scores in the two groups were similar ( P>0.05). Two cases (6.6%) in the dynamic rehabilitation group and 5 cases (16.7%) in the static rehabilitation group developed complications, with no significant difference in incidence of complications ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION For acute Achilles tendon rupture, the dynamic rehabilitation protocol after Achilles tendon anastomosis by using CAMIR technique can improve early functional recovery and maintains comparable safety and effectiveness compared to static rehabilitation.
Humans ; Achilles Tendon/surgery* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Rupture/surgery* ; Female ; Male ; Tendon Injuries/rehabilitation* ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods* ; Recovery of Function ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of tendon insertion medialized repair in treatment of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (L/MRCT). METHODS: The clinical and imaging data of 46 L/MRCT patients who underwent arthroscopic insertion medialized repair between October 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 males and 20 females with an average age of 57.7 years (range, 40-75 years). There were 20 cases of large rotator cuff tears and 26 cases of massive rotator cuff tears. Preoperative imaging evaluation included fatty infiltration (Goutallier grade), tendon retraction (modified Patte grade), supraspinatus tangent sign, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and postoperative medializaiton length and tendon integrity. The clinical outcome was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Society for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) score, shoulder range of motion (including anteflexion and elevation, lateral external, and internal rotation) and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength before and after operation. The patients were divided into two groups (the intact tendon group and the re-teared group) according to the integrity of the tendon after operation. According to the medializaiton length, the patients were divided into group A (medialization length ≤10 mm) and group B (medialization length >10 mm). The clinical function and imaging indexes of the patients were compared. RESULTS: All patients were followed up 24-56 months, with an average of 31.8 months. At 1 year after operation, MRI showed that the medializaiton length of supraspinatus tendon was 5-15 mm, with an average of 10.26 mm, 33 cases in group A and 13 cases in group B. Eleven cases (23.91%) had re-teared, including 5 cases (45.45%) of Sugaya type Ⅳ and 6 cases (54.55%) of Sugaya type Ⅴ. At last follow-up, the VAS score, ASES score, shoulder anteflexion and elevation range of motion, lateral external rotation range of motion, and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in internal rotation range of motion between pre- and post-operation ( P>0.05). The Goutallier grade and modified Patte grade of supraspinatus muscle in the re-teared group were significantly higher than those in the intact tendon group, and the AHD was significantly lower than that in the intact tendon group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other baseline data between the two groups ( P>0.05). Except that the ASES score of the intact tendon group was significantly higher than that of the re-teared group ( P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the other postoperative clinical functional indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of re-tear, VAS score, ASES score, range of motion of shoulder joint, and anteflexion and elevation muscle strength between group A and group B ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Tendon insertion medialized repair may be useful in cases with L/MRCT, and shows good postoperative shoulder function. Neither tendon integrity nor medialization length shows apparent correlations with postoperative shoulder function.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Tendons ; Rupture/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Range of Motion, Articular