Objective To longitudinally investigate the characteristics of postoperative weight changes in patients with esophageal cancer and analyze its influencing factors, which can provide certain guidance for nutritional intervention in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods Patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the Sichuan Cancer Hospital from December 2020 to February 2022 were prospectively included. The general information questionnaire and body composition analyzer were used to longitudinally investigate the patients’ weight and body composition before surgery (T0), 1 month after surgery (T1), 3 months after surgery (T2) and 6 months after surgery (T3), and the change characteristics were analyzed. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the influencing factors for postoperative weight changes in patients with esophageal cancer. Results A total of 130 patients were enrolled, including 110 males and 20 females, aged 42-79 (63.33±8.16) years. The weight and body composition of patients with esophageal cancer showed a continuous slow downward trend within 6 months after surgery. The weight loss rate of patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery was 5.10%, 7.76%, and 9.86%, respectively. The analysis results of the influencing factors for postoperative weight showed that patients with the following characteristics had more weight loss: female (β=−7.703, P=0.001), ≥60 years (β=−3.657, P=0.010), smoking (β=4.622, P=0.010), low tumor differentiation degree (β=4.314, P=0.039), and high frequency of eating (β=−3.400, P=0.008). Conclusion Weight loss is an important health problem for patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, and patients have a continuous downward trend in weight within 6 months after surgery. Medical staff should pay special attention to the patients who are female, ≥60 years, having smoking history and low tumor differentiation degree.

Objective To study the mini-character and microscopic features of Plantago asiatica from different populations and summarize the exclusive features to provide a reference for the effective identification of Plantago asiatica. Methods Stereomicroscope and optical microscope were used to identify 30 batches of Plantago asiatica from different populations.The similarities and differences in mini-character and microscopic features of Plantago asiatica among different populations were identified. Results The differences in mini character between the Plantago asiatica from different populations were mainly reflected in whether there was fluff on the surface of leaves, inflorescence peduncles, and persistent sepals, as well as whether the epidermis of fibrous roots was flaky. The differences in microscopic characteristics between the Plantago asiatica from different populations were mainly reflected in the number of non-glandular hairs on the leaf surface, the shape of the petiole endothelial layer cells, and the number of large vascular bundles, and the number of layers of mesophyll palisade tissue cells, etc. Conclusion Plantago asiatica from different populations can be identified through mini-character and microscopic; by comparing the relevant identification features, which can provide a basis for revising and improving the standards of Plantago asiatica.

ObjectiveTo investigate the reversal effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract on immunotherapy resistance of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. MethodsELISA， flow cytometry， and co-culture assays were performed to evaluate the effects of Cordyceps sinensis extract on cytokine secretion， proliferation， and tumor cell killing activity of Jurkat （JKT） cells. Furthermore， the therapeutic effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract on programmed cell death ligand 1 （PD-L1） resistant lung cancer was evaluated through in vivo experiments both alone and in combination with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. ResultsCordyceps sinensis extract enhanced the secretion of cytokines interferon gamma（IFN-γ）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） and interleukin-2 （IL-2）in JKT cells， promoted cell proliferation （P=0.006）， and boosted their killing function against tumors （P＜0.001）. Compared with the control group， in vivo study demonstrated that Cordyceps sinensis extract monotherapy effectively inhibited the growth of PD-L1-resistant tumors ［tumor growth inhibition value （TGI）=26.1%， P=0.090］， while its combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly reversed PD-L1 resistance （TGI=50.6%， P＜0.001）. ConclusionThis study provides certain data support for the activation of anti-tumor immunity by Cordyceps sinensis extract， and offers a new treatment strategy for enhancing anti-tumor immunity and reversing immune resistance in lung cancer.

A 77-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with the main cause of memory loss, visual hallucination for more than one year, aggravated for two months with sensitivity and paranoia. The patient exhibited signs of loss of smell, axial hypertonia, upper limb hypertonia, slow start, and propulsive gait. Cranial MRI suggested cerebral atrophy, bilateral hippocampal atrophy, and multiple cavernous cerebral infarcts. Severe memory deficits, moderate intellectual deficits, MMSE score of 12, mildly abnormal electroencephalography, and polysomnographic monitoring suggested a high likelihood of apnea syndrome. Prior to the onset of the disease, the patient had a history of swinging, shouting, and cursing during nighttime sleep, according to his family members. The final diagnosis was Lewy body dementia.

Objective To characterize neurological alterations associated with structural bowel damage in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)through radiomics-assisted neurophenotyping,utilizing multiparametric brain MRI.Methods This prospective study enrolled patients with CD who underwent brain MRI,MR enterography,and ileocolonoscopy within one week.The Lémann Index was used to quantitatively assess cumulative structural bowel damage.CD patients were stratified into two groups based on a cutoff value of 4.8:those with bowel damage(LI>4.8)and those without bowel damage(LI≤4.8).A neurophenotype model was developed to characterize the neural changes associated with bowel damage in CD.Key features were selected from first-order features extracted from multiparametric brain MRI in the training cohort and validated in an independent test cohort.Results The final study population comprised 109 patients,including 51 individuals with bowel damage and 58 without bowel damage.The neurophenotype model scores were 0.785(95%CI:0.506～0.945)in the bowel damage group and 0.155(95%CI:0.093～0.394)in the non-bowel damage group,showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.001).The developed model exhibited strong discriminative performance,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values ranging from 0.824 to 0.918 across the training,vali-dation,and test cohorts(all P<0.05).Conclusion Our radiomics-assisted neurophenotype analysis reveals neural alterations in CD patients with bowel damage,which may indicate extraintestinal manifestations associated with cumulative intestinal injury.

B cells play a key role in humoral immunity and participate in the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) through antibody production, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. Variations in immunological responses to different HBV antigens show antigenic heterogeneity in B cells during HBV infection. In recent years, it has been found that hepatitis B surface antibody-specific B cells are abnormally differentiated, while hepatitis B core antibody-specific B cells are relatively intact in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Additionally, defects in the non-antibody-generating functions of B cell lead to persistent HBV infection. This article provides important insights for understanding the role and function of B cells in chronic HBV infection and a scientific basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies..

SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can obtain many parameters such as myocardial perfusion, morphology, function and mechanical synchronization in one stop, which has become an essential non-invasive examination technique in the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). With the continuous development of cardiac SPECT instrument, imaging scheme and image reconstruction algorithm, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of CVD is expanding. This paper reviews the research progress of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters of SPECT MPI in recent years, and expounds the threshold, influencing factors and application value of various parameters.

Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different combinations of digital single-lens reflex cameras and macro lenses, aperture settings, and focusing points on depth-of-field sharpness and image distortion in dental clinical photography, and to provide evidence-based guidance for standardizing dental clinical photography.Methods:Full-frame and advanced photo system type-C (APS-C) digital single-lens reflex cameras were paired with 105 mm and 60 mm macro lenses. Photography was performed under eight preset aperture values (F16, F18, F20, F22, F25, F29, F32, and F36) on a standard oral model, focusing separately on three points simulating the central incisor, canine, and first molar. Five attending physicians, who had completed standardized training in dental esthetic clinical photography and calibration training (with over 5 years of dental clinical photography experience), evaluated the depth-of-field sharpness of the photographs using a double-blind method. Image distortion was assessed by measuring the width-to-length ratio of the central incisor.Results:Photographs taken with the APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera combined with the 105 mm macro lens showed significantly higher depth-of-field sharpness scores (2.756±0.357) compared to other camera-lens combinations ( P<0.05). Photographs taken at aperture settings of F25, F29, F32, and F36 demonstrated significantly higher depth-of-field sharpness scores than those taken at F16, F18, F20, and F22 ( P<0.05). Images focused on the simulated canine achieved the highest depth-of-field sharpness scores, followed by the central incisor, with the first molar showing the lowest scores ( P<0.05). Main effect and interaction effect tests revealed that camera-lens combinations significantly affected image distortion ( F=2.79, P=0.042), while focusing points and aperture settings showed no significant effect on image distortion ( F=0.40, P=0.671; F=1.27, P=0.270). Conclusion:Based on experimental data analysis, using an APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera with a 105 mm macro lens, setting the aperture value between F25 and F36, and focusing on the canine can ensure sufficient depth-of-field sharpness while avoiding image distortion, thereby achieving optimal results in dental clinical photography.