Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a highly prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis.Treatment strategies to date have achieved limited success in significantly improving overall survival rates.γδ T cells,a unique subset of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment,can link adaptive and innate immune functions.While γδ T cells can effectively recognize and eliminate HNSCC tumor cells,certain subsets of these cells can secrete interleukin-17,contributing to tumor progression.Nevertheless,due to their remarkable cyto-toxic activity,γδ T cells have been identified as promising candidates for antitumor immunotherapy.This article reviews the biological back-ground of γδ T cells,their role in tumor immunity in HNSCC,and recent advances in γδ T cell immunotherapy,aiming to provide new in-sights into HNSCC diagnosis and treatment.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a highly prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis.Treatment strategies to date have achieved limited success in significantly improving overall survival rates.γδ T cells,a unique subset of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment,can link adaptive and innate immune functions.While γδ T cells can effectively recognize and eliminate HNSCC tumor cells,certain subsets of these cells can secrete interleukin-17,contributing to tumor progression.Nevertheless,due to their remarkable cyto-toxic activity,γδ T cells have been identified as promising candidates for antitumor immunotherapy.This article reviews the biological back-ground of γδ T cells,their role in tumor immunity in HNSCC,and recent advances in γδ T cell immunotherapy,aiming to provide new in-sights into HNSCC diagnosis and treatment.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

Astronauts are affected by the space environment,and there are health problems in many systems of the body,which seriously affect the on-orbit work efficiency and the health recovery after landing.Although measures have been taken,there are still deficiencies.Acupuncture can regulate the body in a multi-target,multi-level and multi-system way to protect the health of astronauts,which is an effective measure to protect the health problems of astronauts.But there is no acupoint group database for aerospace medical problems,which limits the application of acupuncture in space.The aim of this paper is to solve the possible aerospace medical problems of astronauts by acupuncture.Firstly,the acupuncture indications in aerospace medicine are determined through literature research,expert consultation and expert consensus,and then the evidence collection,evidence evaluation and evidence aggregation are carried out through the"stratified evidence evaluation method"for ancient literature,modern literature and expert experience.Finally,acupoint prescriptions were recommended based on the comprehensive score of acupoints,and acupuncture prescriptions for all acupuncture indications in aerospace medicine were integrated to form an acupoint group database,so as to contribute more Chinese wisdom and solutions to solve aerospace medicine problems.

The combination of sourness,bitterness,sweetness,pungency,and saltness results in different effects.Through the analysis of the theory of combining five flavours in Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology,this article explores its application in formulation ideas and the characteristics of Chinese medication,summarized as"primarily sweet,with all four flavors harmonized".FU Qingzhu emphasizes the central role of sweet-flavour medicine in facilitating conception,while incorporating the other four flavours in synergy.For instance,sweet and pungent flavours can boost yang energy,eliminating chilliness and warming the uterus;sour and sweet flavours can nourish yin essence and protect the uterus;bitter and sweet flavours can tonify yin,supporting the kidneys and moistening the uterus;and pungent and salty flavours can eliminate stasis,regenerate blood,and enhance uterine functions.By flexibly utilizing the flavours and meridian affinity of traditional Chinese medicine,along with the theory of combining five flavours,it is possible to enhance drug compatibility,deepen the theoretical connotation of Chinese formulas,and regulate the uterus from both yin and yang aspects to facilitate conception.FU Qingzhu's integration of multiple Chinese formulas into a single formula allows for comprehensive treatment.Clear differentiation of dosages within the formula highlights the primary and secondary relationships of traditional Chinese medicines.Additionally,the utilization of pharmaceutical processing techniques optimizes efficacy and regulates meridians and collaterals.This article explores FU Qingzhu's application of the"pure and harmonious traditional Chinese medicines"theory.His prescription thinking enables the attainment of multi-level therapeutic effects,which greatly benefits the optimization of traditional Chinese medicine fertility assistance programs and increases pregnancy rates among infertility patients.

Objective:To compare the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes following cleavage-stage embryo transfer and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer, and to explore the best strategy of embryo transfer for infertile patients.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection from January 2021 to December 2022 in Reproductive Medicine Department of the Fifth Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Jinzhong Yingtai Women's and Children's Hospital were collected. Patients were divided into cleavage-stage embryo transfer group (named D3 group, n=2 827) and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer group (named D5 group, n=1 253). The main observation indicators were large for gestational age (LGA) and preterm birth (PTB). The secondary observation indicators were multiple pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight and newborn gender. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze the correlation between embryo transfer type and adverse outcomes. Results:Clinical pregnancy rate [64.5% (808/1 253)], live birth rate [55.5% (696/1 253)], implantation rate [46.0% (1 026/2 230)], multiple pregnancy rate [22.6% (183/808)], male newborn rate [58.6% (515/879)], single LGA rate [19.8% (103/520)] and single PTB rate [21.7% (113/520)] in D5 group were significantly higher than those in D3 group [54.3% (1 535/2 827), P<0.001; 48.2% (1 362/2 827), P<0.001; 36.7% (1 962/5 346), P<0.001; 19.0% (291/1 535), P=0.026; 49.7% (822/1 653), P=0.001; 7.5% (80/1 071), P<0.001; 17.2% (184/1 071), P=0.029]. LGA rate [24.8% (72/290)] in the single frozen-embryo transfer and LGA rate [13.5% (31/230)] in the single fresh-embryo transfer of D5 group were significantly higher than those of D3 group [8.8% (36/409), P<0.001; 6.6% (44/662), P=0.002]. LGA in male newborns [24.8% (82/330)] and female newborns [11.1% (21/190)] of D5 group were significantly higher than those of D3 group [9.1% (54/592), a OR=2.95, 95% CI: 2.01-4.33, P<0.001; 5.4% (26/479), a OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.10-3.77, P=0.024]. Conclusion:The risk of LGA and premature birth in blastocyst-stage embryo transfer is higher than that in cleavage-stage embryo transfer. In clinical practice, embryo transfer methods should be selected based on the condition of patient and embryo.

Objective:To compare the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes following cleavage-stage embryo transfer and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer, and to explore the best strategy of embryo transfer for infertile patients.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection from January 2021 to December 2022 in Reproductive Medicine Department of the Fifth Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Jinzhong Yingtai Women's and Children's Hospital were collected. Patients were divided into cleavage-stage embryo transfer group (named D3 group, n=2 827) and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer group (named D5 group, n=1 253). The main observation indicators were large for gestational age (LGA) and preterm birth (PTB). The secondary observation indicators were multiple pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight and newborn gender. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze the correlation between embryo transfer type and adverse outcomes. Results:Clinical pregnancy rate [64.5% (808/1 253)], live birth rate [55.5% (696/1 253)], implantation rate [46.0% (1 026/2 230)], multiple pregnancy rate [22.6% (183/808)], male newborn rate [58.6% (515/879)], single LGA rate [19.8% (103/520)] and single PTB rate [21.7% (113/520)] in D5 group were significantly higher than those in D3 group [54.3% (1 535/2 827), P<0.001; 48.2% (1 362/2 827), P<0.001; 36.7% (1 962/5 346), P<0.001; 19.0% (291/1 535), P=0.026; 49.7% (822/1 653), P=0.001; 7.5% (80/1 071), P<0.001; 17.2% (184/1 071), P=0.029]. LGA rate [24.8% (72/290)] in the single frozen-embryo transfer and LGA rate [13.5% (31/230)] in the single fresh-embryo transfer of D5 group were significantly higher than those of D3 group [8.8% (36/409), P<0.001; 6.6% (44/662), P=0.002]. LGA in male newborns [24.8% (82/330)] and female newborns [11.1% (21/190)] of D5 group were significantly higher than those of D3 group [9.1% (54/592), a OR=2.95, 95% CI: 2.01-4.33, P<0.001; 5.4% (26/479), a OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.10-3.77, P=0.024]. Conclusion:The risk of LGA and premature birth in blastocyst-stage embryo transfer is higher than that in cleavage-stage embryo transfer. In clinical practice, embryo transfer methods should be selected based on the condition of patient and embryo.

Objective:To compare the incidence of coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) between patients with non-obstructive and obstructive coronary arteries.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 97 patients with angina pectoris, who underwent the absolute quantitative PET examination of myocardial perfusion and coronary anatomy examination within 90 days. All patients were divided into two groups: non-obstructive group (72 cases, no stenosis ≥50% in all three coronary arteries) and obstructive group (25 cases, at least one coronary stenosis ≥50%; and at least one coronary stenosis<50%). Quantitative parameters derived from PET including rest myocardial blood flow (RMBF), stress myocardial blood flow (SMBF), coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiovascular risk factors were compared between the two groups. CMVD was defined as CFR<2.90 and SMBF <2.17 ml·min -1·g -1. Results:Incidence of CMVD was significant higher in the non-obstructive coronary arteries of the obstructive group than in the non-obstructive coronary arteries of non-obstructive group (47.1% (16/34) vs. 25.5% (55/216), χ 2=6.738, P=0.009) while incidence of CMVD was similar between non-obstructive and obstructive patients ((44% (11/25) vs. 33.3% (24/72), χ 2=0.915, P=0.339). RMBF ((0.83±0.14) ml·min -1·g -1 vs. (0.82±0.17) ml·min -1·g -1), SMBF ((2.13±0.60) ml·min -1·g -1 vs. (1.91±0.50) ml·min -1·g -1) and CFR (2.59±0.66 vs. 2.36±0.47) were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:CMVD can occur in non-obstructive coronary arteries in both patients with non-occlusive coronary arteries and patients with obstructive coronary arteries. Prevalence of CMVD is significantly higher in patients with obstructive coronary arteries than in patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries. The CMVD severity is similar between the two groups.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum and spread intensity in different provinces in China except Hubei province.Methods:The daily incidence data and case information of COVID-19 were collected from the official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions. The morbidity rate, severity rate, case-fatality rate, and spread ratio of COVID-19 were calculated.Results:As of 20 March, 2020, a total of 12 941 cases of COVID-19 had been conformed, including 116 deaths, and the average morbidity rate, severity rate and case-fatality rate were 0.97/100 000, 13.5 % and 0.90 %, respectively. The morbidity rates in Zhejiang (2.12/100 000), Jiangxi (2.01/100 000) and Beijing (1.93/100 000) ranked top three. The characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum varied from province to province. The first three provinces (autonomous region, municipality) with high severity rates were Tianjin (45.6 %), Xinjiang (35.5 %) and Heilongjiang (29.5 %). The case-fatality rate was highest in Xinjiang (3.95 %), followed by Hainan (3.57 %) and Heilongjiang (2.70 %). The average spread ratio was 0.98 and the spread intensity varied from province to province. Tibet had the lowest spread ratio (0), followed by Qinghai (0.20) and Guangdong (0.23). Conclusion:The intervention measures were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 and improved treatment effect in China. However, there were significant differences among different regions in severity, case-fatality rate and spread ratio.