Objective:Using Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the unidirectional causal effects of gut microbiota on gout and serum uric acid levels.Methods:The Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The gut microbiota was used as the exposure factor, with gout and serum uric acid levels as the outcomes, utilizing the MiBioGen Consortium, FinnGen GWAS, and CKDGen Consortium meta-analysis databases. The analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) approach. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. This study used RStudio 4.3.1 software for analysis.Results:The IVW results confirmed that 17 microbiota taxa were associated with gout, including class Verrucomicrobiaceae [ OR(95% CI)=1.162(1.004, 1.344), P=0.044], family Verrucomicrobiaceae [ OR(95% CI)=1.161(1.004, 1.344), P=0.044], genus Akkermansia [ OR(95% CI)=1.162(1.004, 1.344), P=0.044], genus Collinsella [ OR(95% CI)=1.257(1.043, 1.516), P=0.016], genus Eubacterium hallii group [ OR(95% CI)=1.226(1.022, 1.471), P=0.027], genus Howardella [ OR(95% CI)=1.094(1.001, 1.195), P=0.046], genus Ruminococcaceae UCG010 [ OR(95% CI)=1.317(1.089, 1.593), P=0.004], order Clostridiales [ OR(95% CI)=1.182(1.007,1.387), P=0.041], order Verrucomicrobiales [ OR(95% CI)=1.162(1.004, 1.344), P=0.044], class Melainabacteria [ OR(95% CI)=0.894(0.804, 0.994), P=0.038], family Streptococcaceae [ OR(95% CI)=0.851(0.727, 0.996), P=0.044], unknown family [ OR(95% CI)=0.890(0.800, 0.989), P=0.030], genus Streptococcus [ OR(95% CI)=0.836(0.710, 0.983), P=0.030], unknown genus [ OR(95% CI)=0.890(0.800, 0.989), P=0.030], genus Victivallis [ OR(95% CI)=0.857(0.736, 0.998), P=0.046], order Gastranaerophilales [ OR(95% CI)=0.890(0.800,0.989), P=0.030], and phylum Bacteroidetes [ OR(95% CI)=0.827(0.692, 0.989), P=0.037]. Additionally, 5 microbiota taxa were associated with serum uric acid levels: phylum Actinobacteria [ OR(95% CI)=0.963(0.925, 0.992), P=0.027], family ⅩⅢ [ OR(95% CI)=0.965(0.932, 1.008), P=0.035], genus Escherichia Shigella [ OR(95% CI)=1.047(1.005,1.089), P=0.034], genus Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group [ OR(95% CI)=0.974(0.941, 1.003), P=0.028], and genus Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group [ OR(95% CI)=0.966(0.943, 0.995), P=0.018]. No abnormalities in SNPs were found in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion:An increase in the levels of class Verrucomicrobiae, family Verrucomicrobiaceae, genus Akkermansia, and genus Escherichia Shigella is associated with an increased risk of gout or serum uric acid levels, while an increase in the levels of class Melainabacteria, family Streptococcaceae, unknown family, phylum Actinobacteria, and family ⅩⅢ is associated with a decreased risk of gout or serum uric acid levels.

Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

Objective To investigate 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase/inosine monophos-phate cyclohydrolase(ATIC),a key regulator of metabolism and cell proliferation,to explore its role in glioma proliferation,e-valuate its association with patient prognosis,and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx),and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)databas-es,we analyzed differential ATIC expression between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in glioma patients,as well as its correlation with clinical features including pathological grade,isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation status,and chromosome 1p/19q deletion.ATIC was knocked down using siRNA transfection.The effect of ATIC on the proliferation of glioma cell lines(LN229,U373,and U251)was evaluated using EdU,CCK-8,and colony formation assays.Furthermore,ATIC overexpression via plasmid transfection was analyzed in conjunction with flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis to assess cell cycle pro-gression and cyclin-related protein expression.Results ATIC expression was significantly elevated in glioma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.01).Patients with high ATIC expression exhibited shorter overall survival(OS)and were asso-ciated with higher pathological grades,wild-type IDH status,and the presence of chromosome 1p/19q deletion.Compared with U373 and U251 glioma cell lines,LN229 and U87 glioma cell lines demonstrated higher ATIC expression.In siRNA-mediated ATIC knockdown models(siATIC-LN229,siATIC-U373),cell proliferation was suppressed as demonstrated by EdU,CCK-8,and colony formation assays,whereas ATIC overexpression in U251 cells promoted proliferation.Flow cytometry revealed G1-phase arrest and impaired S-phase progression in siATIC-LN229 cells.Conversely,ATIC overexpression in U251 cells decreased G1-phase accumulation and increased S-phase progression.Mechanistically,ATIC knockdown decreased the expression of phos-phorylated Rb(p-Rb),upregulated p21,and downregulated key cyclin-related proteins essential for G1/S transition.In contrast,ATIC overexpression facilitated the G1/S transition through p21 downregulation and enhanced phosphorylation of Rb pro-tein.Conclusion High ATIC expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in glioma patients and may promote tumor progression through regulation of the p21-Rb signaling pathway.Therefore,ATIC represents a promising biomarker for both clinical diagnosis and prognosis in glioma.

Objective To determine KCNJ14 gene expression in human glioma cells and assess its impact on U251 cell pro-liferation,while exploring the potential mechanism involved.Methods The protein expression levels of KCNJ14 in different hu-man glioma cell lines(U87,U251,SNB19,and LN229)were analyzed by Western blotting.KCNJ14 was knocked down and over-expressed in U251 cells using siRNA and plasmid transfection,respectively.Subsequently,protein expression levels,cell prolif-eration capacity,and the regulation of cell cycle related proteins were measured in each group.The association between KCNJ14 mRNA expression and clinical survival prognosis in glioma patients was evaluated through statistical analysis of public databas-es.Results KCNJ14 protein expression varied across different human glioma cell lines,with the highest level observed in U251 cells.Inhibition of KCNJ14 suppressed U251 cell proliferation and impaired cell cycle progression.Bioinformatics analysis re-vealed that KCNJ14 mRNA expression was significantly associated with clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in glioma patients.Conclusion KCNJ14 exhibits differential expression in glioma cells and is negatively associated with patient prognosis.Mechanistically,it may regulate glioma cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle related proteins.

Objective:To analyze the influence factors behind the effective prevention and control of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet).Methods:Based on the data of KBD in Tibet in 2010 and 2015 provided by the Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the contribution of different prevention and control measures for KBD in Tibet was analyzed from the natural environment and socio-economic aspects (including vegetation coverage, economic level, industrial structure, dietary nutrition, planting structure, land use, aid to Tibet policy and medical care) by using the method of optimal parameters-based geographical detector.Results:There were differences in the explanatory power of various influencing factors on the prevention and control effect of KBD in different periods. In 2010, the proportion of forest area and per capita food consumption of farmers and herdsmen were the dominant factors ( q = 0.482, 0.366, P < 0.05). In 2015, the normalized vegetation index, the proportion of sown area of grain and oil crops, and the proportion of forest area were dominant ( q = 0.378, 0.334, 0.323, P < 0.05). The interaction between various influencing factors was stronger than that of single factor. In 2010, the explanatory power of the interaction between the proportion of forest area and grassland area was the highest ( q = 0.737), followed by the interaction between the proportion of agricultural and animal husbandry output value and the proportion of forest area ( q = 0.688). In 2015, the explanatory power of the interaction between per capita disposable income of farmers and herdsmen and the proportion of agricultural and animal husbandry output value was the highest ( q = 0.844), followed by the interaction between per capita disposable income of farmers and herdsmen and the proportion of arable land area ( q = 0.808). Conclusion:The key to the prevention and control of KBD in Tibet is to improve the economic level, improve the dietary nutrition of residents, adjust the structure of agriculture and animal husbandry and agricultural planting, and change the land use mode.

Objective:To investigate the application and management status of midline catheters in 1 954 hospitals, providing a basis for optimizing intravenous therapy nursing practices.Methods:This study used convenience sampling. From November 2023, members of the Intravenous Therapy Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association selected 1 954 hospitals across various regions of China. Questionnaire on the Current Status of Intravenous Therapy in Hospitals at All Levels designed by the committee, based on literature review and expert discussions, was used to collect data on intravenous therapy practices in different hospitals. Multiple response analysis was applied to analysis the results of multiple-choice questions, where response numbers represent the total number of times each option was selected, and response rates refer to the proportion of selected times for each option out of all selected responses.Results:A total of 1 954 questionnaires were distributed across 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, and 1 954 valid questionnaires were returned, achieving a 100.0% valid response rate. Among the hospitals surveyed, 844 used midline catheters. Regarding the skin disinfection area for midline catheter insertion, the highest response rate was for a range of>20 cm. The highest response rate for catheter insertion techniques was ultrasound-guided Seldinger puncture. The highest response rate for maintenance interval was once a week. The top three responses for nursing documentation related to midline catheters were informed consent for intubation, puncture record, and maintenance record. The most frequently chosen processes were catheter placement, maintenance, removal, and complication management processes. The qualification for midline catheter intravenous therapy specialist nurses was mostly obtained through specialized nurse training, followed by hospital-based and department-based training.Conclusions:The application of midline catheters has rapidly developed but still reveals some deficiencies, including the choice of puncture tools, infection control, and catheter maintenance. It is recommended to improve nursing documentation and management processes related to midline catheters, establish industry standards suitable for China's national conditions, and strengthen and standardize the specialized training of intravenous therapy nurses to promote the healthy development of intravenous therapy in China.

Objective To investigate 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase/inosine monophos-phate cyclohydrolase(ATIC),a key regulator of metabolism and cell proliferation,to explore its role in glioma proliferation,e-valuate its association with patient prognosis,and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx),and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)databas-es,we analyzed differential ATIC expression between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in glioma patients,as well as its correlation with clinical features including pathological grade,isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation status,and chromosome 1p/19q deletion.ATIC was knocked down using siRNA transfection.The effect of ATIC on the proliferation of glioma cell lines(LN229,U373,and U251)was evaluated using EdU,CCK-8,and colony formation assays.Furthermore,ATIC overexpression via plasmid transfection was analyzed in conjunction with flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis to assess cell cycle pro-gression and cyclin-related protein expression.Results ATIC expression was significantly elevated in glioma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.01).Patients with high ATIC expression exhibited shorter overall survival(OS)and were asso-ciated with higher pathological grades,wild-type IDH status,and the presence of chromosome 1p/19q deletion.Compared with U373 and U251 glioma cell lines,LN229 and U87 glioma cell lines demonstrated higher ATIC expression.In siRNA-mediated ATIC knockdown models(siATIC-LN229,siATIC-U373),cell proliferation was suppressed as demonstrated by EdU,CCK-8,and colony formation assays,whereas ATIC overexpression in U251 cells promoted proliferation.Flow cytometry revealed G1-phase arrest and impaired S-phase progression in siATIC-LN229 cells.Conversely,ATIC overexpression in U251 cells decreased G1-phase accumulation and increased S-phase progression.Mechanistically,ATIC knockdown decreased the expression of phos-phorylated Rb(p-Rb),upregulated p21,and downregulated key cyclin-related proteins essential for G1/S transition.In contrast,ATIC overexpression facilitated the G1/S transition through p21 downregulation and enhanced phosphorylation of Rb pro-tein.Conclusion High ATIC expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in glioma patients and may promote tumor progression through regulation of the p21-Rb signaling pathway.Therefore,ATIC represents a promising biomarker for both clinical diagnosis and prognosis in glioma.

Objective To determine KCNJ14 gene expression in human glioma cells and assess its impact on U251 cell pro-liferation,while exploring the potential mechanism involved.Methods The protein expression levels of KCNJ14 in different hu-man glioma cell lines(U87,U251,SNB19,and LN229)were analyzed by Western blotting.KCNJ14 was knocked down and over-expressed in U251 cells using siRNA and plasmid transfection,respectively.Subsequently,protein expression levels,cell prolif-eration capacity,and the regulation of cell cycle related proteins were measured in each group.The association between KCNJ14 mRNA expression and clinical survival prognosis in glioma patients was evaluated through statistical analysis of public databas-es.Results KCNJ14 protein expression varied across different human glioma cell lines,with the highest level observed in U251 cells.Inhibition of KCNJ14 suppressed U251 cell proliferation and impaired cell cycle progression.Bioinformatics analysis re-vealed that KCNJ14 mRNA expression was significantly associated with clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in glioma patients.Conclusion KCNJ14 exhibits differential expression in glioma cells and is negatively associated with patient prognosis.Mechanistically,it may regulate glioma cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle related proteins.