The problem of bacterial resistance caused by antibiotics is becoming increasingly serious worldwide, which poses a great challenge to the treatment of infectious diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was initially used for cancer treatment. In recent years, PDT has developed into a novel antibacterial strategy to achieve efficient pathogen clearance through mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated damage and immune activation. Due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, high targeting and no drug resistance, PDT has attracted extensive attention in the field of antibacterial medicine. However, PDT still faces limitations such as insufficient permeability, small range of ROS release, short duration, and poor vector stability. In response to these problems, researchers have improved photosensitizers and light sources, and achieved synergistic effects by combining antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and photothermal therapy, which has significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect. This article reviews the progress of PDT in the field of oral medicine, introduces the development and characteristics of three generations of photosensitizers, discusses the limitations and optimization strategies of different photosensitizers, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of PDT in the treatment of related infectious diseases. Subsequently, the mechanism and therapeutic potential of PDT in oral cancer, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and pulpal and apical diseases were reviewed.

The problem of bacterial resistance caused by antibiotics is becoming increasingly serious worldwide, which poses a great challenge to the treatment of infectious diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was initially used for cancer treatment. In recent years, PDT has developed into a novel antibacterial strategy to achieve efficient pathogen clearance through mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated damage and immune activation. Due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, high targeting and no drug resistance, PDT has attracted extensive attention in the field of antibacterial medicine. However, PDT still faces limitations such as insufficient permeability, small range of ROS release, short duration, and poor vector stability. In response to these problems, researchers have improved photosensitizers and light sources, and achieved synergistic effects by combining antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and photothermal therapy, which has significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect. This article reviews the progress of PDT in the field of oral medicine, introduces the development and characteristics of three generations of photosensitizers, discusses the limitations and optimization strategies of different photosensitizers, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of PDT in the treatment of related infectious diseases. Subsequently, the mechanism and therapeutic potential of PDT in oral cancer, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and pulpal and apical diseases were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the role of high-mobility group AT-hook 2(HMGA2)in osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)and the effect of Hmga2 knockdown for promoting bone defect repair.Methods Bioinformatics studies using the GEO database and Rstudio software identified HMGA2 as a key factor in adipogenic-osteogenic differentiation balance of ADSCs.The protein-protein interaction network of HMGA2 in osteogenic differentiation was mapped using String and visualized with Cytoscape to predict the downstream targets of HMGA2.Primary mouse ADSCs(mADSCs)were transfected with Hmga2 siRNA,and the changes in osteogenic differentiation of the cells were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red S staining.The expressions of osteogenic markers Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),osteopontin(OPN),and osteocalcein(OCN)in the transfected cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.In a mouse model of critical-sized calvarial defects,mADSCs with Hmga2-knockdown were transplanted into the defect,and bone repair was evaluated 6 weeks later using micro-CT scanning and histological staining.Results GEO database analysis showed that HMGA2 expression was upregulated during adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs.Protein-protein interaction network analysis suggested that the potential HMGA2 targets in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs included SMAD7,CDH1,CDH2,SNAI1,SMAD9,IGF2BP3,and ALDH1A1.In mADSCs,Hmga2 knockdown significantly upregulated the expressions of RUNX2,OPN,and OCN and increased cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition.In a critical-sized calvarial defect model,transplantation of mADSCs with Hmga2 knockdown significantly promoted new bone formation.Conclusion HMGA2 is a crucial regulator of osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs,and Hmga2 knockdown significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and accelerates ADSCs-mediated bone defect repair in mice.

Objective To investigate the role of high-mobility group AT-hook 2(HMGA2)in osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)and the effect of Hmga2 knockdown for promoting bone defect repair.Methods Bioinformatics studies using the GEO database and Rstudio software identified HMGA2 as a key factor in adipogenic-osteogenic differentiation balance of ADSCs.The protein-protein interaction network of HMGA2 in osteogenic differentiation was mapped using String and visualized with Cytoscape to predict the downstream targets of HMGA2.Primary mouse ADSCs(mADSCs)were transfected with Hmga2 siRNA,and the changes in osteogenic differentiation of the cells were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red S staining.The expressions of osteogenic markers Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),osteopontin(OPN),and osteocalcein(OCN)in the transfected cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.In a mouse model of critical-sized calvarial defects,mADSCs with Hmga2-knockdown were transplanted into the defect,and bone repair was evaluated 6 weeks later using micro-CT scanning and histological staining.Results GEO database analysis showed that HMGA2 expression was upregulated during adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs.Protein-protein interaction network analysis suggested that the potential HMGA2 targets in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs included SMAD7,CDH1,CDH2,SNAI1,SMAD9,IGF2BP3,and ALDH1A1.In mADSCs,Hmga2 knockdown significantly upregulated the expressions of RUNX2,OPN,and OCN and increased cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition.In a critical-sized calvarial defect model,transplantation of mADSCs with Hmga2 knockdown significantly promoted new bone formation.Conclusion HMGA2 is a crucial regulator of osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs,and Hmga2 knockdown significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and accelerates ADSCs-mediated bone defect repair in mice.

Objective:To develop a task-oriented exercise(TOE)program suitable for hospitalized elderly frailty patients, and to evaluate its effects on patients' upper and lower limb mobility and activities of daily living.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method, 60 elderly frailty patients admitted to Beijing Hospital between August and December 2019 were selected and randomly divided into a TOE group and a conventional care group, with 30 in each group.In addition to conventional treatment and care, the TOE group performed task-oriented training(turning to fetch objects and multidirectional stepping), while the conventional care group performed aerobic training and resistance training.Both groups completed 10 training sessions.Baseline data of patients in both groups were assessed before intervention.Grip strength(as a measure of upper limb motor function), the motor component of the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule(WHODAS)2.0(as a measure of lower limb motor function), and the modified Barthel index(as measure of the ability to perform activities of daily living)were assessed after intervention.Results:Before intervention, the grip strength values of the TOE group and the conventional care group were(20.21±6.39)kg and(17.61±10.59)kg, and the scores of the motor component of WHODAS 2.0 were(16.07±6.64)and(20.23±1.18), respectively.After intervention, the grip strength value and the score of the motor component of WHODAS 2.0 of the TOE group were(22.13±5.97)kg and(12.86±5.17)kg, respectively, with statistically significant differences compared with those of the conventional care group, which were(19.05±9.16)kg for grip strength and(15.67±1.11)for the motor component of WHODAS 2.0( t=2.005, P=0.049; t=-18.210, P<0.001).The value of grip strength and the score of the motor component of WHODAS 2.0 were higher post-intervention than pre-intervention in the TOE group( t=5.005、-5.291, P<0.001 for both), but they showed no statistical differences in the conventional care group( t=0.247、1.614, P=0.806, 0.112).After intervention, the total modified Barthel index scores of the TOE and conventional care groups were (55.27±37.12)and(57.27±33.39), respectively, higher than the pre-intervention scores, which were(42.27±29.92)and(40.54±20.55), respectively(both P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in total Barthel score between the two groups after intervention( t=1.042, P=0.303). Conclusions:For hospitalized elderly frailty patients, the TOE program is simple, easy to implement, safe and effective, and can not only achieve the same purpose of improving the ability to perform activities of daily living as the conventional exercise program, but also improve the performance of upper and lower limb motor function more quickly.

Exercise is an effective method for preventing disability in elderly adults.However, in order to ensure successful outcomes, it is crucial to conduct a scientific and comprehensive evaluation of motor function.Currently, several assessment systems for geriatric motor function have been developed, but most of them are based on research conducted with community-dwelling elderly individuals.When applying these community-based systems to elderly inpatients, certain challenges need to be addressed and overcome.This paper aims to synthesize several evaluation systems commonly used for functional assessment, focusing on those with comprehensive content, good reliability, and validity.It analyzes the limitations of these systems when applied to the hospitalized elderly population and proposes ways to address these shortcomings by incorporating other testing systems.The objective is to provide a reasonable foundation for functional evaluation in the context of hospitalized elderly individuals.

Based on observing the cytological characteristics of the flower buds of the functional male sterile line (S13) and the fertile line (F142) in eggplant, it was found that the disintegration period of the annular cell clusters in S13 anther was 2 days later than that of F142, and the cells of stomiun tissue and tapetum in F142 disintegrated on the blooming day, while it did not happen in S13. The comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 1 436 differential expression genes (DEGs) (651 up-regulated and 785 down-regulated) in anthers of F142 and S13 at 8, 5 days before flowering and flowering day. The significance analysis of GO enrichment indicated that there were more unigene clusters involved in single cell biological process, metabolism process and cell process, and more catalytic activity and binding function were involved in molecular functions. Through KEGG annotation we found that the common DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction. The fifteen genes co-expression modules were identified from 16 465 selected genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three of which (Plum2, Royalblue and Bisque4 modules) were highly related to S13 during flower development. KEGG enrichment showed that the specific modules could be enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, fatty acid degradation and the mutual transformation of pentose and glucuronic acid. These genes might play important roles during flower development of S13. It provided a reference for further study on the mechanism of anther dehiscence in eggplant.
Flowers/genetics* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics* ; Solanum melongena/genetics* ; Transcriptome/genetics*