Objective:To explore the effects of stepped exercise rehabilitation training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease.Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with ischemic heart disease admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=53,routine intervention program)and intervention group(n=52,additional stepped exercise rehabilitation training).After 3-month intervention,cardiopulmonary function[stroke volume(SV),cardiac index(CI),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)],quality of life[China questionnaire of quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases(CQQC)score],exercise endurance[exercise duration(ED),peak oxygen intake(VO2peak),anaerobic threshold(AT)]and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were compared between the two groups.Results:We included 53 patients[28 males(52.83％),age 40～69(56.25±7.76)years old]in control group compared to 52 patients[27 males(51.92％),age 40～71(55.25±2.40)years old]in the intervention group after 3-month intervention.Com-pared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention group had significantly higher SV[(65.46±3.58)ml vs.(61.69±3.78)ml],CI[(2.82±0.12)L·min-1·m-2 vs.(2.54±0.09)L·min-1·m-2],FEV1[(2.50±0.06)L vs.(2.31±0.06)L],MVV[(79.66±0.82)L/min vs.(77.16±1.09)L/min],CQQC score[(65.23±2.84)points vs.(47.98±3.25)points],ED[(382.62±31.19)s vs.(353.37±36.32)s],VQ2peak[(20.05±2.43)ml·kg-1·min-2 vs.(16.86±1.61)ml·kg-1·min-2]and AT[(13.34±0.83)ml·kg-1·min-2 vs.(11.46±0.89)ml·kg-1·min-2](P＜0.001 all),and significantly lower total incidence of MACE(11.54％vs.32.08％,P=0.011).Conclu-sion:Stepped exercise rehabilitation training may improve cardiopulmonary function,quality of life,and exercise endurance in patients with ischemic heart disease during the rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the effects of stepped exercise rehabilitation training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease.Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with ischemic heart disease admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=53,routine intervention program)and intervention group(n=52,additional stepped exercise rehabilitation training).After 3-month intervention,cardiopulmonary function[stroke volume(SV),cardiac index(CI),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)],quality of life[China questionnaire of quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases(CQQC)score],exercise endurance[exercise duration(ED),peak oxygen intake(VO2peak),anaerobic threshold(AT)]and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were compared between the two groups.Results:We included 53 patients[28 males(52.83％),age 40～69(56.25±7.76)years old]in control group compared to 52 patients[27 males(51.92％),age 40～71(55.25±2.40)years old]in the intervention group after 3-month intervention.Com-pared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention group had significantly higher SV[(65.46±3.58)ml vs.(61.69±3.78)ml],CI[(2.82±0.12)L·min-1·m-2 vs.(2.54±0.09)L·min-1·m-2],FEV1[(2.50±0.06)L vs.(2.31±0.06)L],MVV[(79.66±0.82)L/min vs.(77.16±1.09)L/min],CQQC score[(65.23±2.84)points vs.(47.98±3.25)points],ED[(382.62±31.19)s vs.(353.37±36.32)s],VQ2peak[(20.05±2.43)ml·kg-1·min-2 vs.(16.86±1.61)ml·kg-1·min-2]and AT[(13.34±0.83)ml·kg-1·min-2 vs.(11.46±0.89)ml·kg-1·min-2](P＜0.001 all),and significantly lower total incidence of MACE(11.54％vs.32.08％,P=0.011).Conclu-sion:Stepped exercise rehabilitation training may improve cardiopulmonary function,quality of life,and exercise endurance in patients with ischemic heart disease during the rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the expressions of 12 cytokines(IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70,IL-17,IFN-α,IFN-γ,TNF-α)and procalcitonin in patients with infective endocarditis(IE).Methods Ten IE patients admitted to our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were included into the IE group,10 patients with non-infectious and non-rheumatic valvular diseases who were admitted to our hospital at the same period were randomly selected as the control group,and blood sampling of all patients were conducted at admission.The expressions of 12 cytokines and blood routine indexes were detected by flow cytometry,and the level of procalcitonin was detected by ELISA.The correlations among the expression levels of cytokines in IE patients were analyzed by Pearson method and the correlations of IL-8 level and white blood cell count with procalcitonin in IE patients were analyzed by Spearman method.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of cytokines of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,IFN-α,IFN-γ and IL-12p70 in the IE group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage and procalcitonin were significantly increased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the percentage of monocytes between the two groups(P>0.05).IFN-α of IE patients was positively correlated with IL-2,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-12p70,IL-2 was positively correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β,IL-12p70 was positively correlated with IFN-γ,and procalcitonin was significantly positively correlated with IL-8 and white blood cell count,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,IFN-α,IFN-γ,IL-12p70 and procalcitonin in IE patients are significantly higher than those in the normal population,and the detections of these indicators are of guiding significance for the early diagnosis of IE and the evaluation of the severity of the disease.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province. METHODS: A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems. RESULTS: The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Infant, Premature ; Risk Factors ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology*

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.
Humans ; Asthma/prevention & control*

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.
Humans ; Asthma/prevention & control*

Huoluo Xiaoling Dan is a classical prescription commonly used for blood circulation and pain relief in clinic with obvious effects. To make it directly treat lesion and improve the effect, this research optimized the preparation process of Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste and further evaluated its in vitro transdermal absorption performance, so as to provide a scientific basis for its development and utilization. Using primary viscosity, holding viscosity, and sensory score as evaluation indexes, the matrix amount of gel paste was determined by the single factor test and Box-Behnken response surface method. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) method was established to determine the content of eight active ingredients, including Danshensu, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, ligustilide, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, 11-keto-β-boswellic(KBA), and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid(AKBA). A mo-dified Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate and compare the absorption properties of the gel paste without volatile oil and with volatile oil microemulsion. The results showed that the optimal prescription for Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste matrix was NP700(1.35 g), glycerol(7.00 g), micropowder silica gel(1.25 g), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(0.20 g), tartaric acid(0.06 g), and glyceryl aluminum(0.04 g). The mass fractions of eight active ingredients in the paste were successively 0.48, 0.014, 0.95, 0.39, 0.57, 0.055, 0.35, and 0.97 mg·g~(-1). The results of the in vitro transdermal absorption test showed that the addition of the volatile oil or the volatile oil microemulsion promoted the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients, and the law of drug penetration conformed to the zero equation or the Higuchi equation. The gel paste prepared by the optimal prescription has good appearance and adhesion, with no residue, and has the characteristics of skeletal slow-release preparation, which is easy to reduce the number of administration, la-ying a foundation for the development of new external dosage forms of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Skin Absorption ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Oils, Volatile ; Viscosity

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） effervescent tablets have the characteristics of rapid disintegration， good taste， and convenient taking， but there are some technical difficulties in the preparation and storage process， which are mainly reflected in the sticking， easy moisture absorption， poor compressibility， and poor stability. The basic physical properties of TCM powder （extract powder， raw powder） are the main cause of these technical problems， and also the key to control the quality of TCM effervescent tablets. Powder modification technology has shown good effects in solving the above problems. The author intended to review the research in the above aspects in recent years， and proposed the following strategies for applying powder modification technology to solve the problems in the production process of TCM effervescent tablets from the three aspects of raw materials， excipients and preparation intermediates：①The application of co-processing technology to the treatment of raw materials and auxiliary materials can solve the problems of sticking， poor compressibility， delayed disintegration， and poor stability. ②Using surface coating technology to treat raw materials and preparation intermediates can improve poor fluidity， poor compressibility and delayed disintegration. ③The hygroscopicity of the preparation can be reduced by using microencapsulation technology to treat the raw material. ④The inclusion technology can improve the clarity and stability of the preparation.

Herbal pair is formed based on the experience summary of doctors' deep understanding and perception of the medicinal nature in long-term clinical practice. It gradually becomes the exquisite structural unit for preparing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions, and often plays a core bridge role in the prescription combination. Frankincense and myrrh are raw resin materials of incense abroad, which are subsequently included as Chinese medicinal herbs and endowed with rich medicinal connotation. With the functions of relaxing Zang-fu organs, activating blood and relieving pain, they have definite clinical efficacy. From the perspective of herbal description and clinical application, this study systematically analyzed the combination of frankincense and myrrh as well as their combination proportion, efficacy characterization, diseases and syndromes, effective components and action mechanism. On this basis, the focus of in-depth research of frankincense-myrrh and the application prospects were proposed, in order to further reveal the potential meditation law of this herbal pair, thus contributing to clinical practice and drug innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, and providing reference for understanding of TCM medicinal nature and research of herbal pairs.
Humans ; Frankincense/chemistry* ; Commiphora ; Resins, Plant/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Objective: To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity and the incident risk of stroke in people aged ≥40 years from rural areas of Henan Province. Methods: During 2007 to 2008, 20 194 residents aged ≥18 years were selected for baseline examination by random cluster sampling and 17 265 participants were followed up during 2013 to 2014. According to the aim of current study, a total of 11 864 eligible subjects were included in this post-hoc analysis. Depending on body mass index and metabolic status, subjects were divided into four groups: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of stroke. Results: The median (Q₁, Q₃) age of study participants was 54(46, 61) years, and 4 526 participants were men. During the mean follow-up of 6 years, the cumulative incidence of stroke was 7.16%. The incidence of stroke in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight, and metabolically abnormal obesity were 3.73%, 4.61%, 8.99% and 9.38%, respectively (χ²=117.458, P<0.001). After adjusting possible confounding factors, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight, the risk of stroke was significantly increased in the metabolically healthy obesity group, metabolically abnormal normal weight group and metabolically abnormal obesity group with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.52(1.10-2.12), 2.11(1.61-2.77) and 2.78(2.18-3.55), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the risk of stroke was significantly higher in metabolically healthy obesity people aged 40-59 years compared with metabolically healthy normal weight group (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.36-3.30). Conclusion: Metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity are positively associated with the risk of stroke.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications* ; Obesity, Metabolically Benign/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology*