Malignant tumors represent a major threat to global health. Conventional anti-tumor pharmacotherapy often encounters challenges such as drug resistance, highlighting an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme catalyzing de novo fatty acid synthesis, is subject to precise regulation at multiple levels, including transcriptional control, various post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, as well as modulation by diverse signaling pathways. Recent studies have revealed that FASN is aberrantly overexpressed in various malignant tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis. FASN is a homodimer composed of seven functional domains that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to generate saturated fatty acids, primarily palmitic acid. Its stability is regulated by multiple ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Additionally, FASN is subject to upstream regulation via neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (Nedd8) modification and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby establishing a metabolic-signaling positive feedback loop. As a core executor of metabolic reprogramming, FASN promotes tumorigenesis through dual mechanisms. First, its fatty acid synthesis product, palmitate, participates in membrane phospholipid synthesis, lipid raft formation, and protein palmitoylation, thereby activating several key oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt)/β‑catenin, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), leading to tumor development and progression. Second, FASN plays a pivotal role in modulating the anti-tumor functions of immune cells and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. Specifically, FASN enhances immune checkpoint inhibition by inducing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) palmitoylation, suppresses the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and promotes the polarization of M2-type macrophages, consequently facilitating tumor immune evasion and malignant progression. Precisely due to its significant overexpression in tumor cells, its critical functional role, and its differential expression compared to normal cells, FASN has emerged as a highly promising target for anti-tumor drug development. Highly selective small-molecule inhibitors, notably represented by TVB-2640, have advanced to clinical trial stages and demonstrated favorable anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, the combination of FASN inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents or targeted drugs can overcome the limitations of monotherapy through synergistic effects or by resensitizing tumor cells to conventional drugs, achieving a “1+1>2” therapeutic outcome. With the advancement of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), numerous active ingredients derived from TCM have been confirmed to exert anti-tumor effects by modulating FASN-related pathways. This integrated approach leverages the precision of Western medicine while simultaneously harnessing the holistic regulatory benefits of TCM to alleviate the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the promising prospects of FASN-targeted therapies, challenges remain, including tumor cell metabolic plasticity, tumor context-dependent responses, and heterogeneity. This review systematically summarizes the molecular structure, physiological functions, and mechanisms of FASN in tumorigenesis, as well as recent advances in targeted therapies. Future directions—including the precise identification of responsive patient populations using spatial transcriptomics, the development of novel combination regimens, and the active exploration of integrative strategies combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine—will facilitate the clinical translation of FASN-targeted therapies and open new avenues for improving the quality of life and prognosis of cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-power,short-duration radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.Methods This retrospective study included 392 patients diagnosed with persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation at Suzhou Kowloon Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from January 2019 to December 2023.Of these,256 patients were treated with high-power,short-duration ablation,and 136 patients with low-power,long-duration ablation.The following parameters were compared:radiofrequency ablation time,total procedure time,single-circle pulmonary vein isolation rate,immediate procedural success rate,number of ablation points,and perioperative complications(including pericardial tamponade,pseudoaneurysm,arteriovenous fistula,stroke,etc.).Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3,6,and 12 months post-surgery to evaluate the 12-month sinus rhythm maintenance rate.Results The ablation time in the high-power group was significantly shorter than that in the low-power group[(14.6±2.3)min vs.(30.3±4.2)min,P＜0.001],as was the total procedure time[(113.8±24.8)min vs.(128.5±26.7)min,P=0.001].There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of pulmonary vein isolation rate(97.7％vs.94.9％,P=0.823),number of ablation points[(71.2±8.0)vs.(74.3±14.3),P=0.168],or perioperative complications(3.1％vs.4.4％,P=0.571).Regarding the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 12 months post-operation,the high-power group showed a higher rate than the low-power group,but no statistically significant difference was observed(82.8％vs.79.4％,P=0.399).Conclusions High-power,short-duration radiofrequency catheter ablation can improve procedural efficiency in the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.Its efficacy and safety are similar to those of the low-power,long-duration technique.

his study was aimed at understanding the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii,exploring the consistency between resistance genes and resistance phenotypes,and providing a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.A total of 88 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from hospitals at tertiary level or above within the jurisdiction from 2021 to 2023,and subjected to drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing.The original data were analyzed for the entire genome process with a Microobench pathogenic microorganism analysis workstation(without reference splicing),and resistance genes were predicted and annotated.The strains were subjected to multi-point sequence analysisand minimum spanning tree construction.Among 88 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,carbapenem resistant strains(CRAB)accounted for 72.73%,and 98.44%of CRAB showed multidrug resistance.In the past three years,the resistance to multiple drugs has increased.The cgMLST analysis showed that the ST2 type accounted for 89.77%,and a new ST type was discovered.After cgMLST analysis,the minimum spanning tree was generated,and the genetic relationship of the same ST type was closer.The same ST2 type was further divided into four clusters.Binary logistic regression analysis conducted on resistance genes and resistance phenotypes revealed that resistance genes APH(3″)-Ib,armA,ADC-73,sul1,and sul2 positively correlated with resistance phenotypes.The ST2 type was the main Acinetobacter baumannii type,and showed high rates of multidrug resistance and carriage of multiple resistance genes.The drug resistance situation is severe.The consistency between common resistance genes and resistance phenotypes is good.Clinical management of Acinetobacter baumannii infection must be strengthened to prevent outbreaks and transmission.

his study was aimed at understanding the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii,exploring the consistency between resistance genes and resistance phenotypes,and providing a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.A total of 88 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from hospitals at tertiary level or above within the jurisdiction from 2021 to 2023,and subjected to drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing.The original data were analyzed for the entire genome process with a Microobench pathogenic microorganism analysis workstation(without reference splicing),and resistance genes were predicted and annotated.The strains were subjected to multi-point sequence analysisand minimum spanning tree construction.Among 88 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,carbapenem resistant strains(CRAB)accounted for 72.73%,and 98.44%of CRAB showed multidrug resistance.In the past three years,the resistance to multiple drugs has increased.The cgMLST analysis showed that the ST2 type accounted for 89.77%,and a new ST type was discovered.After cgMLST analysis,the minimum spanning tree was generated,and the genetic relationship of the same ST type was closer.The same ST2 type was further divided into four clusters.Binary logistic regression analysis conducted on resistance genes and resistance phenotypes revealed that resistance genes APH(3″)-Ib,armA,ADC-73,sul1,and sul2 positively correlated with resistance phenotypes.The ST2 type was the main Acinetobacter baumannii type,and showed high rates of multidrug resistance and carriage of multiple resistance genes.The drug resistance situation is severe.The consistency between common resistance genes and resistance phenotypes is good.Clinical management of Acinetobacter baumannii infection must be strengthened to prevent outbreaks and transmission.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-power,short-duration radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.Methods This retrospective study included 392 patients diagnosed with persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation at Suzhou Kowloon Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from January 2019 to December 2023.Of these,256 patients were treated with high-power,short-duration ablation,and 136 patients with low-power,long-duration ablation.The following parameters were compared:radiofrequency ablation time,total procedure time,single-circle pulmonary vein isolation rate,immediate procedural success rate,number of ablation points,and perioperative complications(including pericardial tamponade,pseudoaneurysm,arteriovenous fistula,stroke,etc.).Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3,6,and 12 months post-surgery to evaluate the 12-month sinus rhythm maintenance rate.Results The ablation time in the high-power group was significantly shorter than that in the low-power group[(14.6±2.3)min vs.(30.3±4.2)min,P＜0.001],as was the total procedure time[(113.8±24.8)min vs.(128.5±26.7)min,P=0.001].There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of pulmonary vein isolation rate(97.7％vs.94.9％,P=0.823),number of ablation points[(71.2±8.0)vs.(74.3±14.3),P=0.168],or perioperative complications(3.1％vs.4.4％,P=0.571).Regarding the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 12 months post-operation,the high-power group showed a higher rate than the low-power group,but no statistically significant difference was observed(82.8％vs.79.4％,P=0.399).Conclusions High-power,short-duration radiofrequency catheter ablation can improve procedural efficiency in the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.Its efficacy and safety are similar to those of the low-power,long-duration technique.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the large polar fraction of the roots of Lindera reflexa Hemsl.and their antitumor activities.METHODS The large polar fraction from the roots of L.reflexa was isolated and purified by silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 gel column,semi-preparative HPLC and ODS medium pressure column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antitumor activities were determined by MTT method.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenol-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),syringin(3),1-O-3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl-(6-O-3,5-dimethoxygalloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),p-cymen-7-yl β-D-glucopyranoside(5),pisumionoside(6),staphylionoside D(7),dendranthemoside B(8),lynoiside(9),nudiposide(10),icariside B1(11),(2S)-pinocembrin-7-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(12),(+)-N-(methoxycarbonyl)-N-norboldine(13).Compounds 3 and 13 showed obvious cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells(A549)and human gastric cancer cells(MGC80-3).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-13 are isolated from the roots of L.reflexa for the first time.Compounds 3 and 13 have good anti-tumor activities.

Objective To investigate the role of inhibition of Runt-associated transcription factor 1(Runx1)expression in arterial interventional chemotherapy for lung cancer in rats.Methods A549 cells were randomly divided into control group(normal cultured cells),si-NC group(transfected with si-NC plasmid),si-Runx1 group(transfected with si-Runx1 plasmid).Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and the relative expression level of protein was detected by Western blotting.Rats were randomly divided into model group(constructed lung cancer transplanted tumor rats),sh-Runx1 group(knockdown Runx1 expression),OXA arterial group(single arterial interventional chemotherapy),sh-Runx1+OXA group(knockdown Runx1+intravenous chemotherapy),sh-Runx1+OXA arterial group(knockdown Runx1+arterial interventional chemotherapy).After continuous treatment for 3 weeks,tumor volume and weight were measured,TdT mediated dUDP nick end labeling(Tunel)assay was used to detect tumor apoptosis,and Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of migration and invasion-related proteins.Results The survival rates of A549 cells in the control group,si-NC group and si-Runx1 group were(100.00±5.13)％,(99.56±3.44)％and(60.96±7.00)％,respectively;the expression levels of Runx1 protein were 0.84±0.06,0.85±0.06 and 0.20±0.03,respectively.Compared with the control group and si-NC group,the cell survival rate and Runx1 protein expression level in the si-Runx1 group were significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).The tumor volume of the model group,sh-Runx1 group,OXA arterial group,sh-Runx1+OXA group and sh-Runx1+OXA arterial group after the last treatment were(1 069.58±121.79),(819.30±6.98),(639.34±66.64),(486.91±29.88),(416.57±21.58)mm3,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(4.32±0.36)％,(13.95±1.22)％,(15.46±1.14)％,(23.71±2.01)％,(31.16±3.04)％,respectively;the expression levels of E-cadherin protein were 0.31±0.05,0.61±0.07,0.67±0.09,0.92±0.07,1.23±0.13,respectively.The above indexes of sh-Runx1 group,OXA arterial group,sh-Runx1+OXA group and sh-Runx1+OXA arterial group were compared with those of the model group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The above indexes of sh-Runx1+OXA arterial group were compared with those of sh-Runx1,OXA arterial group and sh-Runx1+OXA group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion inhibition of Runx1 can enhance the apoptosis induction and cell metastasis inhibition of arterial interventional chemotherapy in lung cancer rats.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become a widely used analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex systems due to its advantages such as simplicity,rapidity,and non-destruction. However,NIR spctoscopy often contains numerous redundant wavelengths that are not correlated with the target components,which will reduce the prediction accuracy of model. Therefore,it is necessary to select spectral variables before modeling. In this research,discretized mayfly algorithm (MA) was first developed for quantitative analysis of NIR spectroscopy. The MA simulated the courtship and mating behavior of mayflies. Initially,same number of male and female mayflies was set. The positions of mayflies were updated and discretized. Mayflies produced 20 offsprings through mating and mutation. These offsprings were added to the initial number of search agents. To evaluate the performance of the MA,NIR data of corn and adulterated vegetable oils were used for partial least squares (PLS) modeling analysis. The influence of gravity coefficient,iteration numbers and population numbers of MA were investigated. The MA-PLS was compared with the full-spectrum PLS model. Results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of MA-PLS model for prediction of oil,moisture,protein and starch contents in corn dataset decreased by 30.59％,40.24％,36.96％and 27.93％ compared with PLS,and the RMSEP of MA-PLS for prediction of perilla seed oil,soybean oil,corn oil and cottonseed oil in adulterated vegetable oil dataset decreased by 83.85％,90.90％,81.60％ and 92.18％ compared with PLS. In addition,the number of variables used in MA-PLS was also less than PLS. Therefore,MA could effectively reduce the complexity of PLS and improve the accuracy of prediction of PLS.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of inflammatory response in chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines for improving inflammatory response in patients with CGN was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2023. All investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality. Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.4.1 software were used to analyze the data of the literature that met the quality standards. Finally, 71 RCTs were included, involving 7 Chinese patent medicines. The total sample size was 6 880 cases, including 3 441 cases in the test group and 3 439 cases in the control group. The network Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of reducing TNF-α, the top 3 optimal interventions according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(2) In terms of reducing hs-CRP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules+conventional wes-tern medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(3) In terms of reducing IL-6, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Shenyan Kangfu Tablets+conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing 24hUTP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Shenyan Kangfu Tablets+conventional western medicine, Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of reducing Scr, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, and Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of reducing BUN, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of improving the clinical total effective rate, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine, Kunxian Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine. The results showed that the combination of conventional western medicine and Chinese patent medicine could reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and inhibit the inflammatory response. The combination of conventional western medicine and Chinese patent medicine was superior to conventional western medicine alone in reducing Scr, BUN, and 24hUTP, and improving the clinical total effective rate of treatment. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of literature included, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.
Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Nonprescription Drugs ; C-Reactive Protein ; Interleukin-6 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glomerulonephritis/drug therapy*