Objective To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)based on continuous-time random walk(CTRW)and fractional-order calculus(FROC)models for staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Totally 77 patients with NPC were retrospectively enrolled and divided into high-or low-stage according to 2017 Chinese NPC staging criteria.Conventional DWI parameters(apparent diffusion coefficient[ADC])and DWI parameters based on CTRW and FROC were compared between high-or low-stage NPC,including diffusion coefficient based on CTRW(DCTRW),temporal diffusion heterogeneity index(αCTRW),spatial diffusion heterogeneity index(βCTRW),diffusion coefficient based on FROC(DFROC),fractional order derivative in space(βFROC)and spatial parameter(μFROC).The efficacy of the above parameters for staging of NPC was analyzed.Results Significant differences of DCTRW,αCTRW,DFROC,βFROC,μFROC and ADC were found between high and low clinical overall stages NPC(all P＜0.05),of DCTRW,αCTRW,DFROC and ADC between high and low T stages NPC(all P＜0.05),also of αCTRW,βFROC and μFROC between high and low N stages NPC(all P＜0.05).DCTRW,DFROC and μFROC were impact factors of clinical overall stage of NPC(all P＜0.05),with the area under the curve(AUC)of their combination of 0.890.DCTRW,αCTRw and DFROC were impact factors of T stage of NPC(all P＜0.05),and the AUC of their combination was 0.799.μFROC was the impact factor of N stage of NPC(P＜0.05),and its AUC was 0.722.Conclusion DWI parameters based on CTRW and FROC models could be used for staging of NPC,which had better values than ADC.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and osteoporosis(OP)"co-morbidity"is a chronic progressive disease,the incidence of which is higher in recent years.Exosomes have intercellular messenger functions,which play an important role in the development of KOA and OP"co-morbidity".This article recognized the"co-morbidity"between KOA and OP from the perspective of modern medicine and the"tendon","bone","liver"and"kidney"in TCM theories,systematically reviewed the indirect regulation of KOA and OP"co-morbidity"through exosomes,and explored the possible mechanisms of exosome-based treatment of KOA and OP"co-morbidity"through Chinese materia medica in terms of inflammation,MAPK pathway,bone remodeling and cartilage metabolism,and mitochondrial autophagy,with the aim to investigate the possible mechanisms of KOA and OP"co-morbidity",and provide new ideas for the treatment of KOA and OP"co-morbidity".

Objective·To investigate the clinical manifestations and immunophenotypic features of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified(PTCL-NOS),involving the oral cavity.Methods·The medical histories and pathology records of patients diagnosed with oral PTCL-NOS in the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between August 2020 and August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.In addition,5 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and CNKI,were searched,and relevant cases reported internationally from January 2014 to September 2024 were reviewed.Results·A total of 20 oral PTCL-NOS cases were included,comprising 11 males(55.0%)and 9 females(45.0%).The patients' ages at initial diagnosis ranged from 25 to 77 years,with a mean age of(52.53±12.94)years.The most common sites were the tongue(25.0%),palate(25.0%),and buccal mucosa(20.0%).Nineteen cases(95.0%)had no B symptoms.The cases were positive for CD3(19/19),CD4(11/13),CD8(7/12),CD2(5/6),CD7(5/5),TIA-1(6/7),GB(9/13),perforin(4/6).EBER expression was negative(8/8).The Ki-67 proliferation index was≥60%in 85%of cases.Conclusions·Oral PTCL-NOS is extremely rare and has an aggressive clinical behavior.The oral manifestation presents as deep and large mucosal ulcers with uneven bases,and nodules can be palpable.The pathological features are heterogeneous.Immunophenotype detection is useful for early diagnosis and classification.It is essential for stomatologists to enhance their awareness of this malignancy to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Objective·To investigate the clinical manifestations and immunophenotypic features of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified(PTCL-NOS),involving the oral cavity.Methods·The medical histories and pathology records of patients diagnosed with oral PTCL-NOS in the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between August 2020 and August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.In addition,5 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and CNKI,were searched,and relevant cases reported internationally from January 2014 to September 2024 were reviewed.Results·A total of 20 oral PTCL-NOS cases were included,comprising 11 males(55.0%)and 9 females(45.0%).The patients' ages at initial diagnosis ranged from 25 to 77 years,with a mean age of(52.53±12.94)years.The most common sites were the tongue(25.0%),palate(25.0%),and buccal mucosa(20.0%).Nineteen cases(95.0%)had no B symptoms.The cases were positive for CD3(19/19),CD4(11/13),CD8(7/12),CD2(5/6),CD7(5/5),TIA-1(6/7),GB(9/13),perforin(4/6).EBER expression was negative(8/8).The Ki-67 proliferation index was≥60%in 85%of cases.Conclusions·Oral PTCL-NOS is extremely rare and has an aggressive clinical behavior.The oral manifestation presents as deep and large mucosal ulcers with uneven bases,and nodules can be palpable.The pathological features are heterogeneous.Immunophenotype detection is useful for early diagnosis and classification.It is essential for stomatologists to enhance their awareness of this malignancy to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and osteoporosis(OP)"co-morbidity"is a chronic progressive disease,the incidence of which is higher in recent years.Exosomes have intercellular messenger functions,which play an important role in the development of KOA and OP"co-morbidity".This article recognized the"co-morbidity"between KOA and OP from the perspective of modern medicine and the"tendon","bone","liver"and"kidney"in TCM theories,systematically reviewed the indirect regulation of KOA and OP"co-morbidity"through exosomes,and explored the possible mechanisms of exosome-based treatment of KOA and OP"co-morbidity"through Chinese materia medica in terms of inflammation,MAPK pathway,bone remodeling and cartilage metabolism,and mitochondrial autophagy,with the aim to investigate the possible mechanisms of KOA and OP"co-morbidity",and provide new ideas for the treatment of KOA and OP"co-morbidity".

Objective To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)based on continuous-time random walk(CTRW)and fractional-order calculus(FROC)models for staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Totally 77 patients with NPC were retrospectively enrolled and divided into high-or low-stage according to 2017 Chinese NPC staging criteria.Conventional DWI parameters(apparent diffusion coefficient[ADC])and DWI parameters based on CTRW and FROC were compared between high-or low-stage NPC,including diffusion coefficient based on CTRW(DCTRW),temporal diffusion heterogeneity index(αCTRW),spatial diffusion heterogeneity index(βCTRW),diffusion coefficient based on FROC(DFROC),fractional order derivative in space(βFROC)and spatial parameter(μFROC).The efficacy of the above parameters for staging of NPC was analyzed.Results Significant differences of DCTRW,αCTRW,DFROC,βFROC,μFROC and ADC were found between high and low clinical overall stages NPC(all P＜0.05),of DCTRW,αCTRW,DFROC and ADC between high and low T stages NPC(all P＜0.05),also of αCTRW,βFROC and μFROC between high and low N stages NPC(all P＜0.05).DCTRW,DFROC and μFROC were impact factors of clinical overall stage of NPC(all P＜0.05),with the area under the curve(AUC)of their combination of 0.890.DCTRW,αCTRw and DFROC were impact factors of T stage of NPC(all P＜0.05),and the AUC of their combination was 0.799.μFROC was the impact factor of N stage of NPC(P＜0.05),and its AUC was 0.722.Conclusion DWI parameters based on CTRW and FROC models could be used for staging of NPC,which had better values than ADC.

Objective:To explore the relevant risk factors for readmission of patients with chronic heart failure by Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Wanfang Data and VIP Database by computer, and the search time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 19 articles were included, including 185 545 patients and 34 related risk factors.Statistically significant risk factors included depression [ OR=3.87, 95% CI (2.87-5.23) , P<0.01], living alone [ OR=1.12, 95% CI (1.01-1.24) , P=0.03], combined with hyperlipidemia and diabetes [ OR=1.16, 95% CI (1.14-1.19) , P<0.01], high-salt diet [ OR=3.36, 95% CI (2.60-4.35) , P<0.01], decreased renal function [ OR=2.00, 95% CI (1.95-2.04) , P<0.01], heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [ OR=2.71, 95% CI (1.93-3.73) , P<0.01], anemia [ OR=1.43, 95% CI (1.27-1.60) , P<0.01]and infection [ OR=1.12, 95% CI (1.00-1.25) , P=0.04]. Conclusions:Depression, living alone, combined with hyperlipidemia and diabetes, high-salt diet, decreased renal function, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, anemia and infection are related risk factors for readmission in patients with chronic heart failure.

Respirasome, as a vital part of the oxidative phosphorylation system, undertakes the task of transferring electrons from the electron donors to oxygen and produces a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the coupled translocation of protons. Copious research has been carried out on this lynchpin of respiration. From the discovery of individual respiratory complexes to the report of the high-resolution structure of mammalian respiratory supercomplex IIIIIV, scientists have gradually uncovered the mysterious veil of the electron transport chain (ETC). With the discovery of the mammalian respiratory mega complex IIIIIV, a new perspective emerges in the research field of the ETC. Behind these advances glitters the light of the revolution in both theory and technology. Here, we give a short review about how scientists 'see' the structure and the mechanism of respirasome from the macroscopic scale to the atomic scale during the past decades.

This article summarizes the research content of sodium bicarbonate solution in oral care in recent years from the aspects of the effect, application methods and the deficiencies of existing research. This article aims at discussing related issues on sodium bicarbonate solution applied in oral care so as to provide a reference for practice and research of sodium bicarbonate in oral care.