Objective:To propose a detection method for the fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine on the basis of signal characteristics of jump transition,so as to solve the problem of lower accuracy in detecting fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine under the influence of interference source coupling.Method:Using a conductivity detector collected the conduction signal of dialysate,then,the processed and converted electrical signals were amplified,and the noise and interference signals from the electrical signal were further removed.The digital filter was constructed by using transfer functions and variable equations,and the digital filter was used to process and convert the original signal as electrical signal.The collected signals about flow volume of blood,flow volume of dialysate,and pressure of the hemodialysis machine were superposed and fitted.The mean values and standard deviations of signal changes were obtained by combining instantaneous frequency of the basic frequency of signal characteristics of jump transition.The chaos superposition was avoided when the signal mode was decomposed.The fault parameters of the signals of jump transition were extracted.The difference calculation was used to calculate the rate of signal change,and calibrate the signals of jump transition,and realize reconstruction for signals.The power spectrum was used to fit the power spectral density of the signals of jump transition.The conductivity value of the hemodialysis machine was calculated.Compare with the set threshold value,the detection for the faults about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine was realized.Results:The experimental results showed that the signal of jump transition was recognized at 1.5 and 4.5 s through applied the proposed method,and the corresponding conductivity values were respectively 15.0 and 14.7 mS/cm.The equipment occurred fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity when it exceeded the preset threshold value 14.5 mS/cm.The false negative rate of the formulated method was less than 30%in detecting the fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine.Conclusion:This method improves the accuracy of detecting the faults about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine,which can effectively maintain stable operation of hemodialysis machine.

Objective: To investigate whether zerumbone ( ZER) has the effect of preventing cisplatin ( Cis) -induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI) . Methods: The MTT method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of ZER on the cell viability of Cis-AKI. The in vivo and in vitro models of Cis-AKI mice were estab- lished by dividing into control group , separate administration group , model group , and dose group. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments were used to detect the expression changes of kidney injury marker-1 ( KIM- 1) , phosphorylated NF-κB p65 ( P-p65 ) , Cleaved casepase3 , receptor interacting protein kinase 1 ( RIPK1) , RIPK3 , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) . Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of KIM-1 , TNF-α , interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) . Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining confirmed the therapeutic effect of ZER on Cis-AKI. RNA-seq and cell thermal shift (CETSA) were used to explore possible target proteins. Results : MTT results showed that ZER could alleviate the decrease in cell viability of Cis-AKI ; in vivo and in vitro studies showed that compared with the model group , after treatment with ZER , its KIM-1 , P-p65 , Cleaved casepased3 , RIPK1 , RIPK3 , TNF -α expres- sion decreased significantly , and the mRNA expression of KIM-1 , TNF-α , IL-6 mRNA , and MCP-1 decreased. PAS staining showed that ZER had a therapeutic effect on Cis-AKI. RNA-seq and CETSA analysis showed that ZER might prevent and treat Cis-AKI by targeting the PIM1 protein. Conclusion ZER may alleviate Cis-AKI and im- prove inflammatory response and necroptosis by regulating PIM1 protein. ZER is expected to be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of Cis-AKI.

AIM:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Yiqi-Yangyin-Quyu prescription(YP)on skeletal muscle injury and related metabolic disorders in mice with Sj?gren syndrome(SS),and to clarify the role of hy-droxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta(Hadhb)in mediating the effect of YP on skeletal muscle in SS.METHODS:The SS mice underwent YP treatment for 8 weeks.The morphological changes of the submandibular gland and muscle tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mitochondrial status in mus-cle tissue was assessed through transmission electron microscopy.Additionally,combined transcriptome and proteome se-quencing was conducted on skeletal muscle samples.The omics sequencing results were validated by RT-qPCR.Immuno-fluorescence was used to confirm the levels of key proteins involved in the P53/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG)signaling pathway.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to determine the levels of Hadhb key targets.RESULTS:Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identified 1 523 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 182 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the muscle tissue of SS mice(model group)and that of control animals(ICR group),12 of which showed co-differential expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels.Compared with model group,1 232 genes and 432 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the muscle tissue of the mice in YP group.Among these,23 exhibited co-differential expression at both mRNA and protein levels.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis showed that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups were mainly involved in ener-gy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation,while the DEGs and DEPs between YP and model groups were primarily associated with sarcomere tissue and actin structure.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indi-cated that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups and between model and YP groups were enriched in the com-plement and coagulation cascade and lipid and pyruvate metabolism.The RT-qPCR validation results were consistent with those of the transcriptome analysis.Furthermore,the protein expression of the tumor suppressor P53 was significantly de-creased in YP group compared with model group,whereas that of PPARG was significantly increased.Western blot analy-sis showed that compared with ICR group,Hadhb protein expression was significantly decreased in model group,whereas the opposite trend was detected in YP group.CONCLUSION:The SS-related skeletal muscle damage is closely related to amino acid metabolism disorder and fatty acid degradation.Treatment with YP modulates innate immune defenses,lipid metabolism and energy metabolism in SS,and Hadhb is the key target of YP in SS-related skeletal muscle.

Objective:To propose a detection method for the fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine on the basis of signal characteristics of jump transition,so as to solve the problem of lower accuracy in detecting fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine under the influence of interference source coupling.Method:Using a conductivity detector collected the conduction signal of dialysate,then,the processed and converted electrical signals were amplified,and the noise and interference signals from the electrical signal were further removed.The digital filter was constructed by using transfer functions and variable equations,and the digital filter was used to process and convert the original signal as electrical signal.The collected signals about flow volume of blood,flow volume of dialysate,and pressure of the hemodialysis machine were superposed and fitted.The mean values and standard deviations of signal changes were obtained by combining instantaneous frequency of the basic frequency of signal characteristics of jump transition.The chaos superposition was avoided when the signal mode was decomposed.The fault parameters of the signals of jump transition were extracted.The difference calculation was used to calculate the rate of signal change,and calibrate the signals of jump transition,and realize reconstruction for signals.The power spectrum was used to fit the power spectral density of the signals of jump transition.The conductivity value of the hemodialysis machine was calculated.Compare with the set threshold value,the detection for the faults about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine was realized.Results:The experimental results showed that the signal of jump transition was recognized at 1.5 and 4.5 s through applied the proposed method,and the corresponding conductivity values were respectively 15.0 and 14.7 mS/cm.The equipment occurred fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity when it exceeded the preset threshold value 14.5 mS/cm.The false negative rate of the formulated method was less than 30%in detecting the fault about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine.Conclusion:This method improves the accuracy of detecting the faults about abnormal maximum value of conductivity of hemodialysis machine,which can effectively maintain stable operation of hemodialysis machine.

AIM:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Yiqi-Yangyin-Quyu prescription(YP)on skeletal muscle injury and related metabolic disorders in mice with Sj?gren syndrome(SS),and to clarify the role of hy-droxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta(Hadhb)in mediating the effect of YP on skeletal muscle in SS.METHODS:The SS mice underwent YP treatment for 8 weeks.The morphological changes of the submandibular gland and muscle tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mitochondrial status in mus-cle tissue was assessed through transmission electron microscopy.Additionally,combined transcriptome and proteome se-quencing was conducted on skeletal muscle samples.The omics sequencing results were validated by RT-qPCR.Immuno-fluorescence was used to confirm the levels of key proteins involved in the P53/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG)signaling pathway.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to determine the levels of Hadhb key targets.RESULTS:Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identified 1 523 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 182 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the muscle tissue of SS mice(model group)and that of control animals(ICR group),12 of which showed co-differential expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels.Compared with model group,1 232 genes and 432 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the muscle tissue of the mice in YP group.Among these,23 exhibited co-differential expression at both mRNA and protein levels.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis showed that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups were mainly involved in ener-gy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation,while the DEGs and DEPs between YP and model groups were primarily associated with sarcomere tissue and actin structure.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indi-cated that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups and between model and YP groups were enriched in the com-plement and coagulation cascade and lipid and pyruvate metabolism.The RT-qPCR validation results were consistent with those of the transcriptome analysis.Furthermore,the protein expression of the tumor suppressor P53 was significantly de-creased in YP group compared with model group,whereas that of PPARG was significantly increased.Western blot analy-sis showed that compared with ICR group,Hadhb protein expression was significantly decreased in model group,whereas the opposite trend was detected in YP group.CONCLUSION:The SS-related skeletal muscle damage is closely related to amino acid metabolism disorder and fatty acid degradation.Treatment with YP modulates innate immune defenses,lipid metabolism and energy metabolism in SS,and Hadhb is the key target of YP in SS-related skeletal muscle.

Mastoparans (MP), a class of α-helix cationic insect-derived antimicrobial peptides, have a broad spectrum of biological activities including inhibiting bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Amino acid substitution, peptide modification, peptide chain cyclization, and dosage form modification can enhance the biological activities and target and reduce the toxicity of mastoparans. In this review, we summarize the structure, biological function and modification methods of mastoparans, and prospect the development of antibacterial drugs based on mastoparans, so as to provide reference for the research of mastoparans as a new antibacterial drug.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry* ; Animals

Background Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in ambient air is an important carrier of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and long-term inhalation of heavy metals and PAHs poses a potential threat to human health. Objective To analyze the ambient PM_2.5 concentrations and the distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals and PAHs in PM_2.5 in an urban area of Taizhou City, aiming to provide basic data and a scientific basis for local air pollution management and population health prevention. Methods From 9am to 8pm on the 10th to 16th of each month from 2017 to 2022 (23 h·d⁻¹), a monitoring point was set up on the top floor of a building in the main urban area of Taizhou to collect PM_2.5 samples (sampling flow rate: 2.3 m³·h⁻¹) and measure its concentration. The characteristics of 12 heavy metals and 16 priority PAHs in PM_2.5 were analyzed. The pollution sources of heavy metals and PAHs were determined by enrichment factor method and isomer characteristic ratio method, respectively. Results From 2017 to 2022, the average daily concentration of PM_2.5 in this urban area ranged from 4 to 141 μg·m⁻³, and the median annual concentrations were lower than the national secondary standard limit. The seasonal concentration of PM_2.5 was as follows: winter>spring>summer and autumn, and the difference was statistically significant (H=134.077, P<0.01). The concentration of PM_2.5 in 2017.1 to 2020.1 was higher than that in 2020.2 to 2022.12 (Z=−3.989, P<0.01). The main heavy metal pollutants in this area were manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Except for beryllium (Be) and mercury (Hg), the concentrations of other heavy metals had seasonal differences (P<0.01), higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Except for manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As), the concentrations of other heavy metals were higher from 2017.1 to 2020.1 than from 2020.2 to 2022.12, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of enrichment factor indicated anthropogenic pollution sources of antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), and selenium (Se). The average daily concentration of PAHs ranged from 0.88 to 24.56 ng·m⁻³, with a seasonal trend of winter>spring>autumn>summer, and the difference was statistically significant (H=231.387, P<0.01). Among the 16 PAHs, the top pollutants were benzo [b] fluoranthene (BbF) (25.36%), indene [1,2,3-c,d] pyrene (IcdP) (11.22%), and benzo [g,h,i] perylene (BghiP) (9.02%). The results of characteristic ratio method showed that the 16 PAHs pollutants were produced by a combined action of gasoline buring, coal burning, and biomass burning. Conclusion In selected urban area of Taizhou City, the concentrations of PM_2.5, heavy metals, and PAHs all show a downward trend year by year at a relatively low level, and obvious seasonal distributions which are higher in winter and spring. Man-made pollution is the main source of heavy metals, and automobile exhaust emissions, industrial coal burning, and waste incineration may be the main sources of PAHs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between spontaneous portosystemic shunt （SPSS） and hepatorenal syndrome （HRS） in patients with liver cirrhosis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 93 patients with SPSS from Dezhou Hospital， Qilu Hospital of Shandong University， from January 2015 to January 2022， and the patients were followed up for 12 months with the onset of HRS as the observation endpoint. According to the presence or absence of HRS， the 93 patients with SPSS were divided into HRS group with 38 patients （40.86%） and non-HRS group with 55 patients （59.14%）， and the two groups were compared in terms of clinical data， laboratory data， complication， and shunt diameter. Based on the maximum shunt vein diameter of 1.5 cm， the 93 patients with SPSS were divided into high shunt group with 52 patients （55.91%） and low shunt group with 41 patients （44.09%）， and with the onset of HRS as the observation endpoint， the two groups were compared in terms of the incidence rate of HRS and survival time curve. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to predict cut-off values， the Kaplan-Meier curve was used for comparison of survival time， and the Log-rank test was used to compare the differences in survival curves. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors. ResultsCompared with the non-HRS group， the HRS group had significant increases in Child-Pugh score， Child-Pugh class， MELD score， serum creatinine， blood urea nitrogen， alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase， maximum shunt vein diameter， the incidence rates of hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis， and the degree of ascites， as well as significant reductions in main portal vein diameter， serum sodium and albumin （all P<0.05）. Compared with the low shunt group， the high shunt group had a significant increase in the incidence rate of HRS （51.92% vs 26.83%， χ²=5.974， P=0.015） and a significant reduction in the time to the onset of HRS （Log-rank P=0.033）. A maximum shunt vein diameter of >1.5 cm （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.123， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.211， P=0.003）， an increase in MELD score （HR=1.205， 95%CI： 1.076‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.437， P=0.039）， a reduction in serum albumin （HR=0.890， 95%CI： 0.814‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.974， P=0.011）， an increase in the degree of ascites （HR=2.099， 95%CI： 1.066‍ ‍—‍ ‍4.130， P=0.032）， and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （HR=2.259， 95%CI： 1.020‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.003， P=0.045） were independent risk factors for the onset of HRS in SPSS patients. ConclusionThere is an association between SPSS and HRS， and shunt diameter >1.5 cm was an independent risk factor for HRS in SPSS patients， which should be taken seriously and require early intervention in clinical practice.

Objective:In general, patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are considered to show an aggressive disease course. However, the relationship between the two subgroups in disease severity is controversial. Our study is aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of double-seropositive and seronegative RA in China through a real-world large scale study.Methods:RA patients who met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria or the 2010 ACR/European Anti-Rheumatism Alliance RA classification criteria, and who attended the 10 hospitals across the country from September 2015 to January 2020, were enrolled. According to the serological status, patients were divided into 4 subgroups [rheumatoid factor (RF)(-) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody (-), RF(+), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+), anti-CCP antibody(+)] and compared the disease characteristics and treatment response. One-way analysis of variance was used for measurement data that conformed to normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution; paired t test was used for comparison before and after treatment within the group if the data was normally distributed else paired rank sum test was used; χ2 test was used for count data. Results:① A total of 2 461 patients were included, including 1 813 RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) patients (73.67%), 129 RF(+) patients (5.24%), 245 RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) patients (9.96%), 74 anti-CCP antibody(+) patients (11.13%). ② Regardless of the CCP status, RF(+) patients had an early age of onset [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) (51±14) years old, anti-CCP antibody(+) (50±15) years old, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) (48±14) years old, RF(+)(48±13) years old, F=3.003, P=0.029], longer disease duration [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 50 (20, 126) months, anti-CCP antibody(+) 60(24, 150) months, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 89(35, 179) months, RF(+) 83(25, 160) months, H=22.001, P<0.01], more joint swelling counts (SJC) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 2(0, 6), Anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 5), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 7), RF(+) 2(0, 6), H=8.939, P=0.03] and tender joint counts (TJC) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 3(0, 8), anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 6), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 3(1, 9), RF(+) 2(0, 8), H=11.341, P=0.01] and the morning stiff time was longer [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 30(0, 60) min, anti-CCP antibody(+) 20(0, 60) min, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 30(10, 60) min, RF(+) 30(10, 60) min, H=13.32, P<0.01]; ESR [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 17(9, 38) mm/1 h, anti-CCP antibody(+) 20(10, 35) mm/1 h, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 26(14, 45) mm/1 h, RF(+) 28(14, 50) mm/1 h, H=37.084, P<0.01] and CRP [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 2.3 (0.8, 15.9) mm/L, Anti-CCP antibody(+) 2.7(0.7, 12.1) mm/L, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 5.2(1.3, 17.2) mm/L, RF (+) 5.2(0.9, 16.2) mm/L, H=22.141, P<0.01] of the RF(+)patients were significantly higher than RF(-) patients, and RF(+) patients had higher disease severity(DAS28-ESR) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) (4.0±1.8), anti-CCP antibody(+) (3.8±1.6), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) (4.3±1.8), RF(+) (4.1±1.7), F=7.269, P<0.01]. ③ The RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) patients were divided into 4 subgroups, and it was found that RF-H anti-CCP antibody-L patients had higher disease severity [RF-H anti-CCP antibody-H 4.3(2.9, 5.6), RF-L anti-CCP antibody-L 4.5(3.0, 5.7), RF-H anti-CCP antibody-L 4.9(3.1, 6.2), RF-L anti-CCP antibody-H 2.8(1.8, 3.9), H=20.374, P<0.01]. ④ After 3-month follow up, the clinical characteristics of the four groups were improved, but there was no significant difference in the improvement of the four groups, indicating that the RF and anti-CCP antibody status did not affect the remission within 3 months. Conclusion:Among RA patients, the disease activity of RA patients is closely related to RF and the RF(+) patients have more severe disease than RF(-) patients. Patients with higher RF titer also have more severe disease than that of patients with low RF titer. After 3 months of medication treatment, the antibody status does not affect the disease remission rate.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects between fast acupuncture and retaining acupuncture for the cervical type of cervical spondylosis.

METHODSSixty patients were randomized into a fast acupuncture group and a retaining needle group, 30 cases in each one. The acupoints in the two groups were Fengchi (GB 20), Jiaji (EX-B 2, C, C, C) and Jianjing (GB 21), Jianjing 1 (Extra) and Jianjing 2 (Extra). The needles in the fast acupuncture group were out afterarrival, while those in the retaining needle group were retained for 30 min, three times a week, once the other day. One week was seen as a course and the treatment was given for 2 courses. The indices were observed before and after treatment, including Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire (NPQ), short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) [pain rating index (PRI), visual analogue scale (VAS) and present pain intensity (PPI)]. The effects were compared in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the NPQ score was lower than that before treatment in the two groups (both<0.01), and that in the fast acupuncture group was better (<0.01). All the items of SF-MPQ decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all<0.01), with the better results of PRI sensation score and PRI total score in the fast acupuncture group (both<0.05). The PRI feeling score, VAS score, and PPI score were not significantly different after treatment between the two groups (all>0.05). The total effective rate in the fast acupuncture group was 83.3% (25/30), not significantly different from 76.7% (23/30) in the retaining needle group (>0.05).

CONCLUSIONFast acupuncture and retaining needle are both effective for the cervical type of cervical spondylosis, which can apparently improve the clinical symptoms. Fast acupuncture is superior to retaining acupuncture.