Objective:This study aims to explore the influence of vowels and sound intensity on formant, so as to provide reference for the selection of sound samples and vocal methods in acoustic detection. Methods:Thirty-eight healthy subjects, 19 male and 19 female, aged 19-24 years old were recruited. The formants of different vowels（/a/, //, /i/ and /u/） and different sound intensities（lowest sound, comfort sound, highest true sound and highest falsetto sound） were analyzed, and pairings were compared between groups with significant differences. Results:①The vowels /a/ and // in the first formant were larger than /i/ and /u/, and /i/ was the largest in the second formant. The minimum value of the first formant is the lowest sound of /i/ and the maximum is the highest sound of /a/. ②In the first formant, the chest sound area increases with the increase of sound intensity, while the second formant enters the highest falsetto and decreases significantly. Conclusion:Different vowels and sound intensity have different distribution of formant, that is, vowel and sound intensity have different degree of influence on formant. According to the extreme value of the first formant, the maximum normal range is determined initially, which is helpful to improve the acoustic detection.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Speech Acoustics ; Voice Quality ; Phonetics ; Voice/physiology* ; Adult

Objective To observe the effects of A2a adenosine receptor antagonist SCH442416 and ZM241385 on the expression of glutamine synthetase(GS) and L-Glutamate/L-Aspartate Transporter(GLAST) in rat retina under chronic ocular hypertension model.Methods Rat chronic ocular hypertension models were induced in the right eye of 12 male Sprague Dawley rats by blocking three episcleral veins,the left eye as control one.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured and compared at postoperative 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks.54 male chronic ocular hypertension rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,topically applying A2a adenosine receptor antagonist SCH442416,ZM241385 and carrier,respectively,three times a day for three weeks.At three weeks,mRNA and protein expression of GS and GLAST in rat retina were analyzed by RealTime-PCR and Western-blot.Results The average IOP of the modeling eyes at postoperative 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks were higher than that of the control eyes (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of GS and GLAST in the retina of SCH442416 and ZM241385 groups increased significantly compared to the carrier group (all P ＜ 0.05).However,the differences of mRNA and protein expression of GS and GLAST between SCH442416 and ZM241385 groups was not significant(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Rat chronic ocular hypertension model can be induced by blocking three episceral veins successfully and effectively.A2a adenosine receptor antagonist SCH442416 and ZM241385 increase the expression of GS and GLAST.There seems no difference between the effects of these two drugs.