Objective:To establish an evaluation index system for the emergency capability of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin, providing a reference basis for evaluating the emergency capability level of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin.Methods:In February 2023, the Delphi method was applied to conduct expert consultation and establish the framework of the emergency response capability evaluation index system for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin. The positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient of experts were calculated. The weights of indicators at all levels were determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the proportional allocation method, and the internal consistency reliability of the evaluation index system was tested by using the Cronbach's α wefficient.Results:Regarding the evaluation index system for the emergency capability of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin, the expert positive coefficient in both rounds of consultation was 100.00% (33/33), the expert authority coefficients were 0.80 and 0.74 respectively, the expert coordination coefficients were 0.59 and 0.62 respectively ( P<0.001), and the Cronbach's α coefficient of all indicators was 0.998. The evaluation index system of emergency capability for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin was finally determined, including 7 first-level indicators, 30 second-level indicators and 135 third-level indicators. Conclusion:The evaluation index system of emergency capability for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin constructed based on the Delphi method shows that the expert consultation is active, representative and authoritative. The indicator system covers the emergency response capability to occupational poisoning incidents and has high internal consistency, providing a reliable and quantifiable reference for improving the emergency response level of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin.

Objective:To establish an evaluation index system for the emergency capability of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin, providing a reference basis for evaluating the emergency capability level of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin.Methods:In February 2023, the Delphi method was applied to conduct expert consultation and establish the framework of the emergency response capability evaluation index system for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin. The positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient of experts were calculated. The weights of indicators at all levels were determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the proportional allocation method, and the internal consistency reliability of the evaluation index system was tested by using the Cronbach's α wefficient.Results:Regarding the evaluation index system for the emergency capability of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin, the expert positive coefficient in both rounds of consultation was 100.00% (33/33), the expert authority coefficients were 0.80 and 0.74 respectively, the expert coordination coefficients were 0.59 and 0.62 respectively ( P<0.001), and the Cronbach's α coefficient of all indicators was 0.998. The evaluation index system of emergency capability for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin was finally determined, including 7 first-level indicators, 30 second-level indicators and 135 third-level indicators. Conclusion:The evaluation index system of emergency capability for occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin constructed based on the Delphi method shows that the expert consultation is active, representative and authoritative. The indicator system covers the emergency response capability to occupational poisoning incidents and has high internal consistency, providing a reliable and quantifiable reference for improving the emergency response level of occupational poisoning incidents in Tianjin.

Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on oxidative stress damage in rat lung tissue. Methods SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,the rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage.To observe the ultrastructural and histopathology changes of lung tissue in rats.The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in lung tissue were detected. The ultrastructural and histopathological changes were examined. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Results The body mass, lung tissue mass, and lung organ coefficient of rats in each dose group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the body mass of rats in each group increased with the increase of exposure time (P<0.05); The results of lung histopathological examination showed that after TDI exposure,in the high-dose group, pulmonary alveolar wall hyperemia and edema were observed in the lung tissue of rats, alveolar wall thickening was observed, alveolar septa widening, and a large number of red blood cells were seen in the alveolar cavity. The results of ultrastructural examination of lung tissue showed that after TDI exposure, while in the high-dose group, the number of alveolar cells decreased, with unclear cell boundaries and irregular morphology. The levels of MDA in the lung tissue of rats exposed to TDI at various doses were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the levels of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in HO-1 gene and protein levels among rats in each group (P>0.05). Conclusion Subchronic inhalation of TDI can cause changes in the pathology and ultrastructure of rat lung tissue, leading to abnormal levels of metabolic enzymes in lung function, thereby inducing oxidative stress damage to the lungs. However, but HO-1 is involved in oxidative stress damage in the lungs induced by TDI.

Objective To analyze the applicability of different risk assessment methods in assessing laboratory benzenes exposure. Methods The work positions exposed to benzenes (benzene, toluene, xylenes) of a chemical catalyst research and development company were selected as the research subjects. An occupational health field survey was conducted, and the benzenes exposure levels of the lab personnel were measured. Qualitative assessment method, comprehensive index method, quantitative assessment method, and occupational hazards classification method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk on benzenes exposure in the laboratory personnel. The applicability of different assessment methods was compared. Results The occupational health engineering protection measures and management system of the company need to be further implemented. The benzene exposure level of benzene hydrogenation laboratory personnel exceeded the national standard, with the exposure concentration of time weighted average (C_TWA) of 5.00 mg/m³ and short term exposure concentration (C_STE) of 10.50 mg/m³. The C_TWA and C_STE of toluene and xylenes exposure were both lower than the minimum quantitative concentrations. The results of different risk assessment methods varied. The qualitative assessment method indicated higher level of occupational health risk of benzenes, while the comprehensive index and hazard classification methods indicated consistent result on lower level of benzenes. For occupational health risk of benzene, the standardized risk ratio (RR) levels corresponding to the qualitative and quantitative assessment methods were both extremely high risk. The RR levels of benzene exposure assessment using the comprehensive index method and the occupational hazards classification method were high, while the corresponding RR levels of exposure to toluene and xylenes were both low. Conclusion Attention should be paid on the health risks of benzene exposure to benzene hydrogenation laboratory personnel. When benzene exposure level is below the national occupational exposure limit, occupational hazards classification method is not recommended for health risk assessment for benzenes. The comprehensive index method is preferable when more comprehensive occupational health information is available, as it provides a more objective and comprehensive evaluation on occupational health risks of benzenes.

Objective To understand the occupational health status of gas station workers, to analyze the characteristics of early health damage, and to provide a reference for the occupational health monitoring of workers in this industry. Methods The gas station workers who underwent occupational health examination in an occupational health examination institution in Tianjin in 2021were selected as the research subjects. The examination results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 381 gas station workers were included in this study, with a sex ratio of male to female of 1.40:1. The top three tests with abnormal results from high to low were abdominal color Doppler ultrasound (39.63%), urine routine (29.13%), and blood pressure (23.62%). The detected fatty liver accounted for 74.83% of abnormal abdominal color Doppler ultrasound. Analysis of abnormal results of different genders showed that the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure, fatty liver and liver function in males was higher than that in females (χ²=16.40, 25.40, 15.98，P＜0.05), the detection rate of high GGT in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ²=16.04，P＜0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal urine routine in females was higher than that in males (χ²=12.85，P＜0.05), and the positive rate of urine white blood cells and blood in urine were significantly higher I women than those in men (χ² =16.80, 11.66，P＜0.05). The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram of gas station workers increased with age (χ²=28.02，P＜0.05), and the abnormality of high blood pressure showed an increasing trend with age and working years（χ²=25.00, 15.26，P＜0.05). Conclusion The long-term exposure of gas station workers to chemical toxic substances such as organic solvents and benzene series and physical factors such as high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter will have a certain impact on health. It is suggested that employers should reasonably arrange their work systems and carry out occupational health monitoring in a targeted manner.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis cases of occupational benzene poisoning in gas station industry, and to explore the application of GC-MS technology in occupational disease diagnosis.   Methods The epidemiological method was used to describe and analyze the occupational disease diagnosis of 15 gas station workers , and qualitative screening of occupational hazard factors was performed by GC-MS.   Results All the 15 workers had more than one year's occupation history of oil refueling and unloading.  The clinical manifestations were consistent with the characteristics of chronic benzene poisoning in diagnosis of occupational benzene poisoning.  However, due to lack of evidence of occupational exposure to benzene and incomplete diagnostic data, occupational chronic benzene poisoning was not diagnosed. GC-MS technology was used to screen the occupational hazard factors in the gas station workplace, and benzene, n-pentane, n-hexane and so on were found.  Conclusion GC-MS is recommended for qualitative screening of organic solvents such as benzene when diagnosing occupational diseases for gas station workers , so as to accurately identify occupational hazard factors in workplaces and provide reliable basis for diagnosis of occupational diseases.

Objective To understand the occurrence characteristics of occupational chemical incidents in China by media surveillance, to provide scientific evidences for formulating effective prevention and control strategies, and to provide new ideas for public surveillance and early warning of chemical incidents. Methods Occupational chemical incidents were collected and sorted through the Internet every day. The statistical analysis was conducted from time, region, industry, and causes of the collected incidents. Results A total of 99 occupational chemical incidents were collected in 2021, involving 356 peoples and 186 deaths. April to July was the high incidence period of events, mainly limited space poisoning and asphyxiation events. Majority of the incidents were general grade events, mainly occurring in small and medium enterprises. Guangdong Province had the most incident reporting areas. Incidents mainly occurred in chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry as well as in water production and supply industry, mainly in manufacturing, cleaning and maintenance positions. The main types of poisons were asphyxiating gases and organic solvents, mainly involving hydrogen sulfide and benzene. The incidents could have been caused by lack of safety awareness, leakage of equipment, and lack of protective measures. Conclusion Occupational chemical incidents still occur frequently and cause serious harm. It is suggested that the relevant departments and employers should strengthen supervision and management, effectively manage and control operational risks, and increase supervision of key industries and positions, to ensure the health and safety of workers.

Objective:To investigate the main factors that influence ALT abnormalities in workers exposed to benzene.Methods:In June 2022, data of 613 enterprises with benzene hazards and 585 enterprises with non-benzene hazards in Tianjin in 2021 were collected, and occupational health examination data of 13018 workers with benzene exposure and 13018 workers with non-benzene exposure were collected, and the region, enterprise type, industry classification and enterprise scale of the employer were analyzed. And occupational health examination data of workers with benzene exposure and non-benzene exposure. The effects of personal general situation, occupational history, enterprise information and benzene exposure on alanine aminotransferase were evaluated by additive interaction.Results:Compared with the group of non-benzene-exposed workers, the personal general conditions, occupational history, company information were higher in the benzene-exposed workers, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The quantitative analysis of additive interaction found that gender ( RERI=2.632, 95% CI: 1.966-3.297; AP=0.383, 95% CI: 0.311-0.456; S=1.813, 95% CI: 1.530-2.149), age ( RERI=1.142, 95% CI: 0.928-1.356; AP=0.462, 95% CI: 0.371-0.552; S=4.461, 95% CI: 1.800-11.053), length of service ( RERI=-1.199, 95% CI: -1.653--0.745; AP=-0.456, 95% CI: -0.640--0.271; S=0.576, 95% CI: 0.479-0.693), region ( RERI=0.421, 95% CI: 0.148-0.694; AP=0.161, 95% CI: 0.053-0.268; S=1.350, 95% CI: 1.057-1.726), industry classification ( RERI=0.627, 95% CI: 0.345-0.910; AP=0.232, 95% CI: 0.132-0.332; S=1.584, 95% CI: 1.233-2.035) and benzene exposure had a statistically significant additive interaction with abnormal serum ALT. Conclusion:Emphasis should be placed on male workers under the age of 40 in the petrochemical industry, oil storage and transportation, and power production, so as to protect the health of workers more specifically and reduce the risk of disability due to disease.

Objective:To investigate the main factors that influence ALT abnormalities in workers exposed to benzene.Methods:In June 2022, data of 613 enterprises with benzene hazards and 585 enterprises with non-benzene hazards in Tianjin in 2021 were collected, and occupational health examination data of 13018 workers with benzene exposure and 13018 workers with non-benzene exposure were collected, and the region, enterprise type, industry classification and enterprise scale of the employer were analyzed. And occupational health examination data of workers with benzene exposure and non-benzene exposure. The effects of personal general situation, occupational history, enterprise information and benzene exposure on alanine aminotransferase were evaluated by additive interaction.Results:Compared with the group of non-benzene-exposed workers, the personal general conditions, occupational history, company information were higher in the benzene-exposed workers, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The quantitative analysis of additive interaction found that gender ( RERI=2.632, 95% CI: 1.966-3.297; AP=0.383, 95% CI: 0.311-0.456; S=1.813, 95% CI: 1.530-2.149), age ( RERI=1.142, 95% CI: 0.928-1.356; AP=0.462, 95% CI: 0.371-0.552; S=4.461, 95% CI: 1.800-11.053), length of service ( RERI=-1.199, 95% CI: -1.653--0.745; AP=-0.456, 95% CI: -0.640--0.271; S=0.576, 95% CI: 0.479-0.693), region ( RERI=0.421, 95% CI: 0.148-0.694; AP=0.161, 95% CI: 0.053-0.268; S=1.350, 95% CI: 1.057-1.726), industry classification ( RERI=0.627, 95% CI: 0.345-0.910; AP=0.232, 95% CI: 0.132-0.332; S=1.584, 95% CI: 1.233-2.035) and benzene exposure had a statistically significant additive interaction with abnormal serum ALT. Conclusion:Emphasis should be placed on male workers under the age of 40 in the petrochemical industry, oil storage and transportation, and power production, so as to protect the health of workers more specifically and reduce the risk of disability due to disease.

Objective: To investigate the cause of an incident of occupational contact dermatitis in a farm in Tianjin Prefecture, so as to provide insights into occupational safety. Methods: The disinfection process, use of disinfectants and individual protective measures in this farm were collected, and a field epidemiological investigation was conducted to collect the demographic characteristics, history of occupational contact, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment data, and onset of disease among individuals with the same type of job. The cause of this incident was analyzed. Results: There were ten interns exposed to potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds simultaneously in this farm, and then, nine interns developed skin flushing across the body, and swelling and itching of the skin. Among these ten interns, five individuals were admitted to hospitals because of severe symptoms and were then clinically diagnosed as systemic contact dermatitis. All five individuals were cured following treatments. Epidemiological survey showed that all cases had a definite history of occupational contact with potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds but without use of any protective agents. In addition, there were thirty-five individuals with the same type of job in this farm that developed similar symptoms when they joined in the disinfection for the first time, and these individuals were self-cured following cessation to contact; however, recurrence of symptoms was found following contacts again. Conclusion This is a cluster of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to potassium hydrogen sulfate compound.