In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

Purpose T o analyze the characteristics of different segments of vertebral-basilar artery lesions in posterior circulation cerebral infarction(PCCI)based on CT angiography,and to study its risk factors to improve the early recognition rate.Materials and Methods A total of 199 patients with acute cerebral infarction in Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled,retrospectively.98 with PCCI,and 101 with anterior circulation cerebral infarction.The groups were compared for differences in vertebral artery dominance,stenosis incidence and stenosis degree in the various vertebrobasilar artery segments.A binary Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors for PCCI.Results The rate of vertebral artery dominance(63.3％vs.48.5％)and the incidence of basilar artery stenosis(33.7％vs.20.8％)were significantly higher in the PCCI group than in the anterior circulation cerebral infarction group(x2=4.387,4.174,both P＜0.05).The groups differed significantly in the degree in the vertebral artery segments V1(Z=2.029,P=0.042)and V4(Z=3.315,P=0.001)and in the basilar artery(Z=2.254,P=0.024),with a higher percentage of severe stenosis in the PCCI group.Vertebral artery dominance(OR=4.285,95％CI 1.530-12.003)and right vertebral artery V4 segment moderate to severe stenosis/occlusion(OR=5.883,95％CI 1.458-21.022;OR=5.537,95％CI 1.623-21.329)were independent risk factors for PCCI.Conclusion PCCI is related to morphological changes of the vertebrobasilar artery,right vertebral artery dominance and moderate to severe stenosis/occlusion of V4 segment of right vertebral artery have a higher risk of PCCI.

RNAs are involved in the crucial processes of disease progression and have emerged as powerful therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA to the targeted location and precise detection of RNA markers remains challenging. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applying nucleic acid nanoassemblies in diagnosing and treating. Due to the flexibility and deformability of nucleic acids, the nanoassemblies could be fabricated with different shapes and structures. With hybridization, nucleic acid nanoassemblies, including DNA and RNA nanostructures, can be applied to enhance RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. This review briefly introduces the construction and properties of different nucleic acid nanoassemblies and their applications for RNA therapy and diagnosis and makes further prospects for their development.

Objective:To preliminarily explore the related factors that affect chimera mosaicism in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods:A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 2252 blastocysts in 579 preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2020. Biopsy cells were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). According to the analysis results, all embryos were divided into mosaicism group and non-mosaicism group. Mosaicism types included euploid-aneuploid mosaicism, aneuploid-aneuploid mosaicism and complex mosaicism. The population characteristics and laboratory-related parameters of the two groups of embryos were compared, and single-factor and multi-factor analysis of the incidence of mosaicism were performed to evaluate the related factors that affect the development of mosaic embryos.Results:A total of 2252 blastocysts in 579 cycles were included in this study, 905 embryos (40.2%) were euploid, 923 (41.0%) were aneuploid, and 424 (18.8%) were mosaicism. Among them, 228 (10.1%) were euploid-aneuploidy mosaicism, 59 (2.6%) were aneuploidy-aneuploidy mosaicism, and 137 (6.1%) were complex mosaicism. NGS technology was performed in 4 institutions, and the mosaicism rate fluctuated between 7.6% and 26.2%. After adjusting the confounding factors (the age of the male and female partners, the quality of the male partner's sperm, the ovarian stimulation protocols, the type of culture medium, the indications of PGT, the different biopsy operators and the developmental stage of the blastocyst), it was found that the blastocyst trophectoderm cell (TE) score (grade C vs. grade A, P=0.014) and the genetic testing institutions (institution 2 vs. early stage of institution 1, P<0.001; late stage of institution 1 vs. early stage of institution 1, P<0.001) had a significant effect on the occurrence of mosaicism. Compared with the TE score of grade A, the chance of mosaicism in grade C increased by 66% (a OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.11-2.50, P=0.014). Compared with the early stage of institution 1, the incidence of mosaicism in institution 2 and late stage of institution 1 was 2.28 times (a OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.71-3.04, P<0.001), and late stage of institution 1 was 2.17 times that of the early stage (a OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.41-3.34, P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence of mosaicism during IVF treatment is related to NGS genetic testing institutions and the quality of trophectoderm cells

Humans ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Deep Learning ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Coronary Stenosis/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Predictive Value of Tests

Objective:To preliminarily explore the related factors that affect chimera mosaicism in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods:A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 2252 blastocysts in 579 preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2020. Biopsy cells were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). According to the analysis results, all embryos were divided into mosaicism group and non-mosaicism group. Mosaicism types included euploid-aneuploid mosaicism, aneuploid-aneuploid mosaicism and complex mosaicism. The population characteristics and laboratory-related parameters of the two groups of embryos were compared, and single-factor and multi-factor analysis of the incidence of mosaicism were performed to evaluate the related factors that affect the development of mosaic embryos.Results:A total of 2252 blastocysts in 579 cycles were included in this study, 905 embryos (40.2%) were euploid, 923 (41.0%) were aneuploid, and 424 (18.8%) were mosaicism. Among them, 228 (10.1%) were euploid-aneuploidy mosaicism, 59 (2.6%) were aneuploidy-aneuploidy mosaicism, and 137 (6.1%) were complex mosaicism. NGS technology was performed in 4 institutions, and the mosaicism rate fluctuated between 7.6% and 26.2%. After adjusting the confounding factors (the age of the male and female partners, the quality of the male partner's sperm, the ovarian stimulation protocols, the type of culture medium, the indications of PGT, the different biopsy operators and the developmental stage of the blastocyst), it was found that the blastocyst trophectoderm cell (TE) score (grade C vs. grade A, P=0.014) and the genetic testing institutions (institution 2 vs. early stage of institution 1, P<0.001; late stage of institution 1 vs. early stage of institution 1, P<0.001) had a significant effect on the occurrence of mosaicism. Compared with the TE score of grade A, the chance of mosaicism in grade C increased by 66% (a OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.11-2.50, P=0.014). Compared with the early stage of institution 1, the incidence of mosaicism in institution 2 and late stage of institution 1 was 2.28 times (a OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.71-3.04, P<0.001), and late stage of institution 1 was 2.17 times that of the early stage (a OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.41-3.34, P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence of mosaicism during IVF treatment is related to NGS genetic testing institutions and the quality of trophectoderm cells

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic pathogenesis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia in two patients for clinical diagnosis and family counseling. METHODS: Data was collected from the patients' family including clinical information, blood immunoglobulin level, as well as classification and subgrouping of B lymphocytes. Gene mutations were screened by whole exome sequencing (WES) through next-generation sequencing (NGS), the result was verified with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: A BTK c.1627T>C (p.Ser543Pro) variant was found in the pedigree. The phenotype and variant have co-segregated in the pedigree. The variant was not found in population database. The variant has affected in the kinase domain which contained no benign variants and is harmful as predicted through bioinformatic analysis. CONCLUSION BTK c.1627T>C (p.Ser543Pro) is a pathogenic variant contributing to X-linked agammaglobulinemia in this pedigree. Above finding has provided reproduction guidance for this family.
Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/genetics* ; Agammaglobulinemia/genetics* ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the human Day 3 embryo quality, blastocyst biopsy time, degree of expansion of the blastocysts, inner cell mass (ICM) morphology, trophectoderm (TE) morphology and their ploidy status.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study for patients who underwent in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to October 2019. A total of 977 blastocysts were biopsied in 255 cycles of PGT, and the correlation between relevant morphological parameters and euploidy rate was analyzed. Results:1) A total of 977 blastocysts from 255 cycles were biopsied, and 937 blastocysts (95.9%) successfully obtained chromosome results, including 396 (42.3%) euploidy and 541 (57.7%) aneuploidy. 2) There was no significant correlation between the euploidy rate of blastocysts and the maternal age in the preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) cycles (633 blastocysts), while in the preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles (304 blastocysts) the euploidy rate of blastocysts showed a significant downward trend with the increase of the maternal age ( P=0.000 1). 3) The euploidy rate of blastocysts biopsy on day 6 and day 7 was significantly lower than that on the day 5 ( OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.9, P=0.009 1; OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.1-0.6, P=0.001 2), the euploidy rate of the blastocysts with ICM grade B was significantly lower than that of the blastocysts with ICM grade A ( OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.3-0.7, P=0.000 1), the rate of euploidy of the blastocysts with TE grade C was significantly lower than that with TE grade A ( OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.7, P=0.000 4) adjusting for maternal age and cycle difference, while day 3 embryo quality, degree of expansion of the blastocysts were not associated with blastocysts ploidy. Conclusion:Day 3 embryo quality and expansion of the blastocysts have no correlation with euploidy, while the blastocyst biopsy time, ICM morphology, TE morphology are significantly correlated with their ploidy status.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the human Day 3 embryo quality, blastocyst biopsy time, degree of expansion of the blastocysts, inner cell mass (ICM) morphology, trophectoderm (TE) morphology and their ploidy status.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study for patients who underwent in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to October 2019. A total of 977 blastocysts were biopsied in 255 cycles of PGT, and the correlation between relevant morphological parameters and euploidy rate was analyzed. Results:1) A total of 977 blastocysts from 255 cycles were biopsied, and 937 blastocysts (95.9%) successfully obtained chromosome results, including 396 (42.3%) euploidy and 541 (57.7%) aneuploidy. 2) There was no significant correlation between the euploidy rate of blastocysts and the maternal age in the preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) cycles (633 blastocysts), while in the preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles (304 blastocysts) the euploidy rate of blastocysts showed a significant downward trend with the increase of the maternal age ( P=0.000 1). 3) The euploidy rate of blastocysts biopsy on day 6 and day 7 was significantly lower than that on the day 5 ( OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.9, P=0.009 1; OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.1-0.6, P=0.001 2), the euploidy rate of the blastocysts with ICM grade B was significantly lower than that of the blastocysts with ICM grade A ( OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.3-0.7, P=0.000 1), the rate of euploidy of the blastocysts with TE grade C was significantly lower than that with TE grade A ( OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.7, P=0.000 4) adjusting for maternal age and cycle difference, while day 3 embryo quality, degree of expansion of the blastocysts were not associated with blastocysts ploidy. Conclusion:Day 3 embryo quality and expansion of the blastocysts have no correlation with euploidy, while the blastocyst biopsy time, ICM morphology, TE morphology are significantly correlated with their ploidy status.

Objective To investigate the effects of dorsal hippocampal lesions (DH) or fimbria-fornix transection (FF) on the learning and memory of conditioned fear and the heart rate and blood pressure in rats.Methods Nineteen male adult Wistar rats were used in this experiment.They were implanted telemetry sensors in their abdominal aortas.Two week later,six of the rats were subjected to permanent NMDA-induced neurotoxic lesions to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and seven for the fimbria-fornix transection (FF)through stereotactic brain surgery,the left six were treated with saline as the control (Sham).All rats were subjected to a conditioned fear experiment.Meanwhile,changes in heart rate and blood pressure were measured.Results There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the rats with the hippocampal operation or fimbria-fornix transection.In the acquisition of conditioned fear,there were significant difference in freezing time among the three group in both inter-trial-interval (ITI) and conditioned stimulus (CS) process (all P＜0.05).The freezing time of the FF group showed significantly lower than that of the Sham group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the three group(P＞0.05).In the test of conditioned contextual fear memory,the freezing time percentage in the FF group ((0.31±0.16) ％) significantly lower than that in the Sham group ((2.78± 1.23) ％) (P＜0.05)at the first 3 min of the test.There was a significant difference in heart rate among the three group.The heart rate of FF group ((436.42± 10.16) times/min) was significantly lower than that of the Sham group ((472.48±4.43) times/min,P＜0.01) and the DH group ((469.94 ±7.36)times/min,P＜0.01).In the test of conditioned tone fear memory.The freezing time percentage in FF group ((18.78±6.29) ％) was significantly lower than that in the Sham ((51.77±9.33)％,P＜0.01) and DH group ((59.19±8.13)％,P＜0.01),but the freezing time percentage between the later two groups had no difference (P=0.52).The synchronous telemetry measurement showed there was no significant difference both in the heart rate and the blood pressure among the groups (all P＞0.05) during the conditioned tone test.Conclusion The dorsal hippocampal lesions and fimbria-fornix transection in rats can significantly reduce the learning and memory ability in conditioned fear and scene fear in rats,and the effect of fimbria-fornix transection is more obvious.The decrease in,fear memory is not synchronously reflected in heart rate and blood pressure in rats.