Immature permanent teeth refer to those that have erupted but have not yet formed and matured in terms of shape and structure. The characteristics of their disease onset and treatment methods are different from those of ordinary permanent teeth. Children with special healthcare needs often lack the capacity to cooperate during routine dental procedures, making treatment under general anesthesia (GA) the preferred option. With social advancements, the demand for pediatric dental GA has considerably increased. This study discuss the treatment strategies for immature permanent teeth under GA, including diagnosis, therapeutic principles, key considerations, and clinical approaches for dental caries, pulpitis periapical periodontitis, etc.
Child ; Humans ; Anesthesia, General ; Dental Caries/diagnosis* ; Dentition, Permanent ; Periapical Periodontitis/therapy* ; Pulpitis/therapy*

Objective To investigate the role of LncRNA-gm33782 in tubular injury in acute kidney injury(AKI)and the mechanism by which isorhamnetin ameliorates inflammatory cell apoptosis of tubular cells in AKI.Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups:control group,AKI model group,electroporation+AKI group,and treatment group(oral administration of 30 mg/kg isorhamnetin).AKI was induced by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin.Chromatin isolation by RNA purification was used to capture the LncRNA-gm33782 binding protein in AKI-affected kidneys for mass spectrometry,revealing the direct target protein of LncRNA-gm33782.The role of LncRNA-gm33782 in AKI was evaluated by observing the renal function,pathological structure,and expression of renal inflammatory factors(interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α)in mice after electrotransfection and isorhamnetin treatment.Nuclear factor-κB was detected as a critical mediator of inflammation.The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 protein were detected and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of isorhamnetin on tubular cell apoptosis in AKI.Results Kidneys with cisplatin-induced AKI showed severe renal tubule injury,macrophage infiltration,and inflammation.Isorhamnetin treatment and LncRNA-gm33782 electrotransfection knockdown alleviated these signs of AKI.LncRNA-gm33782 was mainly expressed in renal tubular cells with AKI.LncRNA-gm33782 binding protein was detected by mass spectrometry,and complement factor H was found to have a direct binding relationship with LncRNA-gm33782.After LncRNA-gm33782 was overexpressed in vitro,the expression of complement factor-H immediately increased,and the therapeutic effect of isorhamnetin on apoptosis of AKI-affected inflammatory cells was inhibited.Conclusions Isorhamnetin alleviates apoptosis of tubular inflammatory cells in AKI by inhibiting the regulatory effect of LncRNA-gm33782 on complement factor H.

Recent studies have shown that stress can substantially facilitate breast cancer metastasis,which can be reduced by nonselective β1/β2-adrenergic receptor(β1/β2-AR)blocker.However,several side effects were identified.Thus,it is extremely warranted to explore more effective and better-tolerated β2-AR blocker.Currently,we demonstrated that baicalin(BA),a major bioactive component of Scutellaria bai-calensis Georgi,could significantly attenuate stress hormones especially epinephrine(Epi)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro.Mechanistically,we identified that β2-AR was a direct target of BA via the drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)combined with mass spectrum assay,and BA photoaffinity probe with pull-down assay,which was further confirmed by a couple of bio-physical and biochemical assays.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BA could directly bind to the Phe-193 and Phe-289 of β2-AR,subsequently inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-focal adhesion kinase(cAMP-PKA-FAK)pathway,and thus impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby hindering the metastatic progression of the chronic stress coupled with syngeneic and xenograft in vivo orthotopic and tail vein mouse model.These findings firstly identify BA as a potential β2-AR inhibitor in the treatment of stress-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Objective:Based on Web of Science database, this study aimed to explore the current status, research hotspots and development trends of countries regarding clinical management of osteoporotic fractures using bibliometrics and visualized analysis.Methods:We collected literatures in the field of clinical management of osteoporotic fractures included in Web of Science database, and applied bibliometrics to analyze the publication dates, countries, institutions, journals, authors, highly cited literatures and research hotspots. Visualization was drawn by VOSviewer software.Results:Analysis of the 2 508 articles revealed 3 types of data. (1) The analysis of basic information of the literature showed that: ①The country with the largest number of publications was the United States, which published 672 articles, followed by the United Kingdom and Canada, and China ranked fourth; ②The top three authors in the number of publications were Kanis JA, Cooper C and McCloskey EV respectively; ③The institution with the highest number of publications was the University of Sheffield, UK, followed by the University of Southampton, UK and the University of Toronto, Canada. (2) Network visualization of highly cited literatures showed that 118 highly cited literatures were mainly divided into 5 clusters, which were related to osteoporotic fracture diagnosis, treatment, medication adherence, management consensus and strategies of preventing refracture. (3) Temporal overlay visualization of research hotspots showed that early research mainly focused on traditional therapeutic drugs, and current research hotspots were mainly molecular targeted drugs, trabecular bone score and fracture liaison services.Conclusion:This study shows that the research activity of clinical management of osteoporotic fractures is increasing worldwide, and there is still a huge gap between China and Europe or the United States. Current research hotspots and development trends mainly focus on molecular targeted drugs, osteoporotic fracture treatment concepts, emerging fracture risk assessment tools, and fracture prevention and management models.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of abnormal multiples of the median (MoM) of second trimester maternal serum triple screening (STMSTS) markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods 16 000 singleton pregnancies at 15+0 to 20+6 weeks' gestation who underwent STMSTS between July 2010 and January 2013 in the First Hospital of Jilin University were recruited.Maternal serum AFP,free β-hCG (F-β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) levels were measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay,and then convened to MoM.LifeCycle 3.2 software was used to calculate risk,and a risk value greater than 1 in 270 or 1 in 350 was considered as high risk for trisomy 21 syndrome (Down syndrome,DS) and trisomy 18 syndrome (Edwards syndrome,ES),respectively.MoM of AFP more than 2.5was considered high risk for open neural tube defect (ONTD).Amniocentesis and karyotyping,ultrasound screening were advised for high risk women.AFP,F-β-hCG higher than 2.0 MoM or uE3 lower than 0.5MoM was considered as abnormal,respectively.The MoM of STMSTS marker between women with adverse pregnancy outcome and with normal outcome was compared.Results (1) The median MoM of AFP,F-β-hCG and uE3 was 0.91 MoM,0.94 MoM and 1.05 MoM,respectively.Of the 16 000 pregnant women,there was no statistical difference in the median MoM of triple screening marker at different weeks of gestation (P＞0.05).The positive rate of DS,ES and ONTD in women ≤35 years old (n=14 972) was 4.03％ (603/14 972),0.36％(54/14 972) and 0.29％(44/14 972) respectively.And in women＞35 years old(n=1 028),the positive rate was 24.51％ (252/1 028),1.95％ (20/1 028) and 0.78％ (8/1 028),respectively.There was a statistically significant difference of positive rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).(2) 9 cases of DS,1 case of ES and 1 ease of ONTD were found in the high risk group,and 2 cases of DS in the low risk group.The detection rate of DS,ES and ONTD was 9/11,1/1 and 1/1 respectively; and the positive predictive value was 1.05％(9/855),1.35％(1/74) and 1.92％(1/52),respectively.(3)The incidence of adverse outcome (group 1) was 1.49 ％(239/16 000).7 760 pregnant women in this study were healthy during pregnancy,so were their fetuses (group 2).There were significant differences in the age at delivery,body weight and markers' MoM of STMSTS between the two groups(P＜0.01).(4) In group 1,the rate of abnormal MoM of AFP or F-β-hCG was 7.95％(19/239) and 23.85％ (57/239),and the abnormal rate of MoM of uE3 was 4.18％(10/239).The rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 5.02％(12/239); the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.84％(2/ 239).However,in group 2,the rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 0.14 ％(11/7 760); and the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.There was a significant difference of abnormal MoM of maternal serum marker between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusions There is a relationship between abnormal marker of STMSTS and adverse outcomes.STMSTS show a high value in the detection of DS,ES and ONTD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of quantitative myocardial acoustic densitometry in myocardial fibrosis in relative to the alteration in serum procollagen type Ⅲ amino-terminal propeptide(PⅢNP) concentration in hypertensive patients. Methods Seventy-five consecutive hypertensive patients were recruited with 75 normal persons served as healthy controls. The indexes of acoustic densitometry were evaluated by echocardiography and the concentrations of the serum PⅢNP peptide by radioimmunoassay. Results Calibrated acoustic intensity in septal(CAI1) and posterior wall(CAI2) in hypertension group(0.88?0.06, 0.73?0.06) were greater than that in healthy control group (0.66?0.19, 0.54?0.06) (P