Objective:To investigate the expression and related signaling pathways of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship with the prognosis of patients.Methods:The expression of RFC1 gene in various solid tumors and CRC was analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. The RFC1 protein-protein interaction network was established using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING). The differences in survival rate between patients with high and low expression of RFC1 were compared using the Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) database. Differentially expressed genes were subjected to Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. The immunohistochemical expression level and location of RFC1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed.Results:The expression difference of RFC1 mRNA in various human solid tumors was not obvious. In CRC tissues, the expression level of RFC1 was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, but the expression level of RFC1 was not related to the tumor stage of the CRC patients. The correlation index between RFC1 proteins was 119, and the average inter-protein region clustering coefficient was 0.836. There was significant protein network enrichment between RFC1 and its interacting genes ( P<0.05). The biological processes of RFC1 are mainly enriched in DNA replication, semi-conservative replication to maintain telomere activity, DNA metabolism, error-free translation synthesis, DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair, etc. The cellular components are mainly enriched in replication forks, chromosomes, nucleoplasm, DNA replication factor C complex, Ctf18 RFC complex, etc. The molecular functions are mainly enriched in DNA binding nucleic acid binding, impaired DNA binding, DNA activity, catalytic activity, etc. For the KEGG signaling pathway, RFC1 is mainly enriched in DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and malignant tumorigenesis. The disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of CRC patients with high expression of RFC1 were lower than those of low expression group, and the difference in overall survival rate between the two was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The RFC1 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, and the positive expression was yellow-brown granular and evenly distributed in the cells. Most of the RFC1 proteins were highly or moderately expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, but low in normal intestinal epithelium. Conclusions:The expression of RFC1 is increased in CRC tissues, and its high expression is related to the decreased overall survival rate of CRC patients. RFC1 can be used as a molecular marker of poor prognosis in CRC and may become a potential target for CRC therapy.

Objective To evaluate pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing refractory pneumonia in children.Methods Children with refractory pneumonia who admitted to a hospital between May 2008 and December 2014 were performed bronchoscopy,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial resistance testing.Results 1 693 patients were recruited in the study,273 bacterial isolates were isolated from BALF speci-mens of 226 children,gram-positive bacteria accounted for 38.10% (104/273 ),the main gram-positive bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=71)and Staphylococcus aureus (n=23);gram-negative bacteria accounted for 58.24%(159/273),including 44 isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,28 Klebsiella pneumoniae ,19 Escherichia coli ,and 17 Pseud-omonas aeruginosa ;10 isolates of fungi were also detected,8 of which were Candida albicans .The sensitivity of Streptococ-cus pneumoniae to quinolones,ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were high.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive rate was 26.32%.ESBLs-producing rate of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 32.72% and 62.96% respectively.Conclusion The major pathogens causing refractory pneumonia were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,empirical treatment should be conducted accordingly,antimicrobial resist-ance should be considered if therapeutic effect is poor,and targeted therapy should be performed according to cultured re-sults and antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of desloratadine citrate disodium versus epinastine for the treatment of chronic urticaria (CU).Methods A randomized,double-blind,double-dummy controlled clinical trial was conducted.Patients with CU were divided into test group and control group to be treated by oral desloratadine citrate disodium (8.8 mg/d) and epinastine (10 mg/d) respectively once a day for 28 days.All the patients were followed up after starting treatment.Therapeutic effect was evaluated,and adverse reactions were observed.Results One hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled in this study,and 142 patients were valid for evaluation of efficacy and safety at the end of study.After treatment for 28 days,there was no significant difference between the test group and control group in response rate (81.16 ％ vs.78.08 ％,P ＞ 0.05) or incidence rate of adverse reactions (13.89 ％ vs.12.16 ％,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Desloratadine citrate disodium is effective and safe for the treatment of CU.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection among the out-patients and inpatients children in Shenzhen area during 2010-2012 and to explore the significance of the results of the laboratory routine tests in the diagnosis of MP infection .Methods The children patients with respiratory tract infection from 2010 to 2012 were selected and the MP infection and the non-MP infection were screened out .The epidemiological characteristics of gender ,age , etc .,among the children patients with MP infection during these 3 years were analyzed .The differences in the laboratory routine tests and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared between the MP infection and the non-MP infection .Results The positive detection rate of MP-DNA in males was slightly higher than that in females ,the difference had no statistical signifi-cance (P>0 .05);MP infection occurred in different age groups ,the positive detection rate of MP-DNA was lowest in the children patients aged <1 year old and highest in the children patients aged 3 - < 6 years (P< 0 .05);the routine laboratory tests and hsCRP level had no specificity in the diagnosis of MP infection .Conclusion The MP molecular epidemiology in Shenzhen area shows that MP infection has the seasonality ,the laboratory routine tests and hsCRP level can not be used as the basis of the MP la-boratory diagnosis .

OBJECTIVEFufang Kushen injection was selected as the model drug, to optimize its alcohol-purification process and understand the characteristics of particle sedimentation process, and to investigate the feasibility of using process analytical technology (PAT) on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) manufacturing.

METHODTotal alkaloids (calculated by matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine and oxysophoridine) and macrozamin were selected as quality evaluation markers to optimize the process of Fufang Kushen injection purification with alcohol. Process parameters of particulate formed in the alcohol-purification, such as the number, density and sedimentation velocity, were also determined to define the sedimentation time and well understand the process.

RESULTThe purification process was optimized as that alcohol is added to the concentrated extract solution (drug material) to certain concentration for 2 times and deposited the alcohol-solution containing drug-material to sediment for some time, i.e. 60% alcohol deposited for 36 hours, filter and then 80% -90% alcohol deposited for 6 hours in turn. The content of total alkaloids was decreased a little during the depositing process. The average settling time of particles with the diameters of 10, 25 microm were 157.7, 25.2 h in the first alcohol-purified process, and 84.2, 13.5 h in the second alcohol-purified process, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe optimized alcohol-purification process remains the marker compositions better and compared with the initial process, it's time saving and much economy. The manufacturing quality of TCM-injection can be controlled by process. PAT pattern must be designed under the well understanding of process of TCM production.

Alcohols ; isolation & purification ; Alkaloids ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Injections ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

OBJECTIVETo study the key processes of Fufang Kushen injection for technical upgrading.

METHODTotal alkaloids (sum of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine and oxysophoridine) and macrozamin were selected as quality evaluation markers. The key processes of percolation with acetic acid and discoloration with activated carbon were optimized by orthogonal experiment design, and process of purification with alcohol was investigated by single factor method.

RESULTThe optimal condition of percolation process is as follows: the medicinal materials are soaked for 9 h with 4 times water containing 0.8% acetic acid, then percolation starts at flow-rate of 5 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) and adding 2 times 0.8% acetic acid solution is added at the same velocity. Purification process is that the concentrated solution is precipitated by 60%, 80% and 90% alcohol in turn. Discoloration process is that 6 activated carbon is added into the solution which is heated at 60 degrees C for 20 minutes.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal extraction process is not only simple, saving the industrial cycle, reducing the potential risk, but also decreasing the acetic acid amount to guarantee the acid-insoluble ash as well as the functional ingredients.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Injections ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intraventricular systolic dyssynchrony in rats with post-infarction heart failure by quantitative tissue velocity imaging combining synchronous electrocardiograph. METHODS: A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a 4 week post-operative group and an 8 week post-operation group (each n=25, with anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery ligated), and a sham operation group (n=10, with thoracotomy and open pericardium, but no ligation of the artery). The time to peak systolic velocity of regional myocardial in the rats was measured and the index of the left intraventricular dyssynchrony was calculated. RESULTS: All indexes of the heart function became lower as the heart failure worsened except the left ventricle index in the post-operative groups. All indexes of the dyssynchrony got longer in the post-operative groups (P<0.05), while the changes in the sham operation group were not significantly different (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Quantitative tissue velocity imaging combining synchronous electrocardiograph can analyse the intraventricular systolic dyssynchrony accurately.
Animals ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Systole ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology

Objective To apply autoimplantation technique in the treatment of verruca plana, and to investigate the mechanisms of it. Methods The changes of T cell subsets and IL-2 level in the peripheral blood of the patients with verruca plana, in conjunction with histopathological and immunohistochemical features of verruca plana tissue at reactive stage were studied by APAAP and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The tissue specimens were studied by H.E stain and immunohistochemical techniques. Results Significantly decreased CD4+ cell numbers, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and IL-2 level were found before treatment, compared with those in healthy controls (P 0.05). Lymphocytic infiltration, epidermal edema and dissolution were shown in the histopathological study. There were CD45RO+, CD6+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the lymphocytic infiltration, but no CD20+ and Mac387- cells. Langerhans cells with positive S-100 protein were observed in basal layer of the epidermis and reaction area. Conclusions T cell-mediated immune responses could be improved in autoimplantation, the warts are rejected mainly by of CD8+ subset cytotoxicity.