Objective To explore animal model and evaluation indices of inhalation injury combined with decompression sickness(DSC),so as to lay a foundation for the studies on damage effect,mechanism,prevention,and military medical service of this disease.Methods A total of 16 SD rats with similar physiological states were selected and randomly divided into four groups,including control group,DCS group,smoke inhalation injury(SII)group,and combined injury group(DCS after SII induced by a self-made device).Arterial blood gas,wet-dry ratio of lung tissue(W/D),and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)like interleukin(IL)-1β IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured at 24 hours after modeling.And pulmonary histopathological staining was performed.Results The partial pressure of oxygcn in the combined injury group was lower than those in the other groups,while the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in the combined injury group was higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The results of pulmonary histopathology showed the thickening of the interlobular septa and the leakage and massive accumulation of inflammatory cells.The symptoms of acute lung injury in the combined injury group were more severe than those in the DCS and SII groups.The W/D and inflammatory cytokines in the combined injury group were significantly higher than those in the DCS group and SII group(P<0.05).Conclusion The animal model of SII combined with DCS has been successfully established.Pulmonary injury in the combined injury model is more severe than that in the single injury models.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simulated nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m on the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the external auditory canal (EAC) of rabbits.

METHODSTwo batches of New Zealand rabbits were exposed to nitrogen-oxygen saturated at a water depth of 50 m. After exposure, the epithelial tissue in the EAC was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the changes in expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the EAC of rabbits were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSAccording to the result of HE staining, more inflammatory cell infiltration, small vascular congestion, and mucosal edema in the EAC of rabbits were observed in the exposure group than in the control group. Additionally, compared with the control group, the exposure group had increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10 in the EAC of rabbits according to the result of real-time PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m can cause inflammatory injuries in the EAC of rabbits. The mechanism may be associated with increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ear Canal ; physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; adverse effects ; Oxygen ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Water ; adverse effects

Objective To explore changes in the capacity and working efficiency of divers performing deep saturation dives at various depths.Methods The divers completed the specified underwater operations at the depths of 70 m,255 m and 493 m,and changes in their working efficiency were assessed by working time and errors occurred during the underwater operations.Results The time consumed for the joining up of flanges,the binding and measurement of underwater objects at the depth of 255 m all significantly prolonged,when compared with the time used at 70 m(P <0.05).The time used for the joining up of flanges,the binding of underwa-ter objects at the depth of 493 m did not prolong significantly,when compared with the time spent at 255 m(P <0.05).However,the time used for underwater measurement prolonged significantly(P <0.01)and the rate of error both in the joining up of flanges and meas-urement of underwater objects increased significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion In deep saturation dives,the capability and working ef-ficiency of divers all considerably reduced.The greater the depths were,the more significantly their operating dexterity and short-term memory were affected.

The extreme microorganisms Ferroplasma spp., play an important role in bioleaching of sulphide ores at low pH value and temperatures around 50 degrees C. Without cell wall, Ferroplasma spp. is sensitive to pulp density, shearing force and heavy metal ions. Thus it is difficult to obtain their high cell density cultures, which limits the large-scale industrial application. In this paper, the optimum culture conditions of Ferroplasma thermophilum were studied by shaking culture. The results showed that the optimum culture conditions are as follows: 50 degrees C, initial pH 0.5, 50 mL working volume in 250 mL shaking-flask, inorganic nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4. The optimum combination of FeSO4.7H2O, yeast extract and peptone was determined by orthogonal experiments, including FeSO4.7H2O 40 g/L, yeast extract 0.3 g/L, peptone 0.2 g/L. Under the optimum culture conditions, the cell density was up to 6.3 x 10(7) cell/mL, and the oxidation of 40 g/L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was finished in less than 72 hours. The results might provide information for scale-up of archaeon culture as well as its industrial application.
Archaea ; cytology ; growth & development ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Culture Media ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metallurgy ; Temperature

Objective To determine the toxicity of therapeutical Serratia marcescans vaccine when repeated intracerebral administration into rat brain.Methods SD rats are prepared by intracranial embedding location catheter and were randomly divided into 8 groups:namely normal control,lunar control group(give NS in same dose),low dosage group,middle dosage group and high dosage group of acute stage or restore stage.Three dosage of vaccine S311 were administrated(low 320 million/kg,middle 1600 million/kg,high 8000 million/kg).The embedding catheter rats were fixed point injecting vaccine,once per day for 15 days with microsyringe of microdialysis device.While continuously record the common status,appetite,body weight of animals.25 days later,Animals were killed to observe the morphology of brain.Results The main pathologic changes of high dosage group were inflammatory cell infiltration into the tissues around injecting location,subarachnoid space,and ependyma.The inflammatory cell is mainly gial cell,monocytes,lymphocytes.No degeneration and necrosis of brain tissue were observed.The inflammatory reaction of brain tissues around injecting location was correlated with the dosages.Except the inflammation around injecting location,the other brain tissues were normal and absent of organic pathological changes.After 25 days restoration,the inflammation around injecting location was absorbed.Conclusions The method of intracranial embedding catheter and fixed point injecting is successful.Intracranial administration of therapeutical Serratia marcescans vaccine is mainly effect on location around injecting to elicit localized,reversible,and non-specific inflammatory reaction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of calicecotomy combined with trans-renal parenchyma pneumatic lithotripsy for complicated staghorn renal calculi.Methods The severe hydrocalycosis was incised using electrocautery,then pneumatic lithotripsy was performed and the broken stones were taken out.For those patients with stenotic entrance to renal calyces without hydrocalycosis,we stabbed into the stones with the lithotriptic pole(1 mm in diameter) through renal parenchyma and took the broken stones out of the entrance.Results The renal pedicle were not blocked in 19 cases.The operation time was 90-150 minutes,with a mean of 120 minutes.There was no blood transfusion with the blood loss ranging form 100 to 250 ml.The procedures were successful in 17 cases without residual stones after operation;intraoperative residual sand-like calculi were found in 1 case and removed by irrigation and drainage through nephrostomy tube;intraoperative missing calyceal calculi occurred in 1 case and were cleared by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL).A follow-up for 10-60 months(mean,18 months)in 15 patients showed recurrence in 2 ones,and the stones were removed by ESWL.Conclusions Calicecotomy combined with trans-renal parenchyma pneumatic lithotripsy for complicated staghorn renal calculi has the advantages of less blood loss and definite efficacy.

Objective To investigate the relationship of apoptosis of microglia and neuron in adult rats following fast decompression. Methods A model of decompression sickness in rat was reproduced by exposure to 1MPa 5.5min followed by rapid decompression (50s). Brain tissues were collected at 0h, 6h, 24h, 48h and 72h after decompression. The microglia were examined after histochemical staining with FITC-conjugated Isolectin-B4. Cell apoptosis was detected by in situ end labeling TUNEL methods. Results A few IB4-positive microglia could be seen in the brain tissue collected 6h after decompression, and the number of IB4-positive microglia was greatest at 24h (P