Objective To construct glucose oxidase（GOx）–loaded nanogels （GONGs）, optimize their formulation, and evaluate their capacity to inhibit the Warburg effect in glioma cells. Methods A responsive polymer （HAM） was synthesized and used to self-assemble GONGs, which were then characterized. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Biocompatibility was tested by measuring cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of GONGs on the expression of proteins associated with the Warburg phenotype and oxidative damage in glioma cells. Results GONGs prepared at a drug–to–polymer ratio of 1∶10 exhibited a particle size of 140.3 nm and a zeta potential of −27.2 mV. Compared with free GOx, GONGs markedly reduced cytotoxicity, increased the IC₅₀ in hUVEC cells from 2.150 nmol/L to 74.86 nmol/L, and significantly decreased hemolysis. At a GOx concentration of 2 nmol/L, GONGs effectively downregulated glycolysis-related proteins, such as HK2 and LDHA, and inhibited glutamine metabolism in glioma cells. Conclusion GONGs exhibited high GOx loading capacity, significantly reduced GOx-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited the Warburg effect in glioma cells and induced oxidative damage.

Objective:To discuss the diagnostic value of levels of growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein(ST2),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)in serum of the ovarian cancer patients,and to clarify their relationships with clinicopathological parameters of the ovarian cancer patients.Methods:A total of 136 patients with ovarian benign lesions or primary ovarian malignancies in our hospital confirmed by postoperative histopathology were randomly selected,including 53 cases in ovarian benign ovarian disease group and 83 cases in ovarian cancer group.Additionally,55 healthy female volunteers during the same period were enrolled as healthy control group.The fasting venous blood from all the subjects was collected on the first day of admission,and serum was retained;cyclic enhanced fluorescence immunoassay was used to detect ST2 levels of the subjects in various groups;chemiluminescence method was used to detect serum CA125 and HE4 levels of the subjects in various groups;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each indicator;the Cut-off value and area under the ROC curve(AUC)were calculated,with AUC representing the diagnostic performance;Kendall's method was used to analyze the correlations between serum ST2 levels and TNM stage,maximum tumor diameter,distant metastasis,lymphnode metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA125,carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),HE4,P53,and Kiel-67(Ki67)in the ovarian cancer patients.Results:Compared with healthy control group,the serum CA125 level of the patients in ovarian benign ovarian disease group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with healthy control group and ovarian benign group,the serum levels of ST2,CA125,and HE4 of the patients in ovarian cancer group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The AUC values were 0.719(95%CI:0.616-0.822)for ST2,0.868(95%CI:0.794-0.942)for CA125,and 0.867(95%CI:0.793-0.942)for HE4.The combined detection of ST2+CA125+HE4 yielded an AUC of 0.894(95%CI:0.832-0.955).Significant differences were observed in serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 levels among ovarian cancer patients with different TNM stages,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and peritoneal metastasis(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the patients with different ages or maximum tumor diameters(P>0.05).The ST2 level in serm of the ovarian cancer patients was positively correlated with TNM stage,distant metastasis,lymph node metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,CA125 level,HE4 level,and Ki67 level(P<0.05),but was not correlated with maximum tumor diameter,CEA,CA199 level,or P53 level(P>0.05).Conclusion:ST2,CA125,and HE4 are highly expressed in the serum of the ovarian cancer patients.Combined detection of serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 exhibits good sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer screening and improves diagnostic efficacy.ST2 is associated with advanced TNM stage and metastasis in ovarian cancer and may participate in the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer.

Objective To conduct a clinical comprehensive evaluation of Lu Dangshen Oral Liquid from 6 dimensions,including safety,effectiveness,economic value,innovativeness,suitability and accessibility.Methods The clinical evidence of Lu Dangshen Oral Liquid and seven control drugs(Bufei Huoxue Capsules,Xiangsha Liujun Pills,Jinshuibao Capsules,Shenling Baizhu Granules,Yupingfeng Granules,Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules and Bailing Capsules)were obtained by using quantitative and qualitative methods through literature retrieval,questionnaire survey and data collection.Based on the multi criteria decision analysis(MCDA)model,the clinical value of drugs was comprehensively evaluated.The weights of criterion layer,index layer and alternative scheme were calculated by analytic hierarchy process.The equal frequency discretization rule was used to classify the evaluation results.Results The safety evidence showed that the main adverse reactions were epistaxis and nausea,and there were no serious adverse events.The comprehensive evaluation was grade A(the risk was controllable and the evidence was sufficient).Clinical studies showed that its treatment of lung spleen qi deficiency syndrome reflects the idea of treating different diseases with same method,and its efficacy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and children with recurrent respiratory tract infection was better than conventional treatment or Spleen Aminopeptide Oral Lyophilized Powder,and its effectiveness was rated as grade A.In terms of economy,the daily drug cost was relatively high,and it was rated as grade C.The preparation process was authorized by one patent.The single Chinese materia medica could improve the diseases and symptoms related to lung spleen qi deficiency syndrome,and the innovation was rated as grade A.In the questionnaire survey,the clinical use and patient compliance were excellent,and the suitability was rated as grade A.The supply of raw materials was stable,and the accessibility was rated as grade B.Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation of the clinical value of Lu Dangshen Oral Liquid in the treatment of lung spleen qi deficiency syndrome is grade A,which can provide references for the adjustment of the national medical insurance catalog and the national essential medicine catalog.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT) to measure the morphological parameters of healthy cervical spinal cords and explore the impact of gender, age and vertebral levels on them. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, collecting cervical spinal cord magnetic resonance images of 184 healthy adults. Then, cross-sectional area (CSA), eccentricity, antero-posterior diameter (AP) and right-left diameter (RL) were each computed for every subject. Then, impacts of gender, age and vertebral level on CSA and eccentricity were explored. Moreover, linear correlation analysis was conducted among CSA, AP and RL. RESULTS: The CSA of the cervical spinal cord in males was significantly larger than that in females at C2~C7 segments (P＜0.05) . For C2~C6 segments, there was no statistically significant difference in CSA between the young and middle-aged groups, but both were significantly larger than that of the elderly group. CSA of C4 was the largest whereas CSA of C7 was the smallest. Eccentricity values of C4 and C5 were significantly larger than those of other vertebral levels (P＜0.05). Linear correlation was established between CSA, AP and RL at C2~C7 segments. CONCLUSION The results allow for minimizing inter-subject variability using normalization, and thereby highlighting the importance of morphological parameters as biomarkers in the research of cervical spinal lesions.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Cervical Cord/anatomy & histology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology*

This study aims to ensure the effectiveness of medical ultrasound diagnostic equipment in clinical applications by testing multiple key performance indicators using tissue-mimicking phantoms and exploring the changes in these performance indicators over time. Firstly, 17 in-service medical ultrasound diagnostic equipments were selected, and their depth of penetration, dead zone, lateral resolution, axial resolution, geometric position error, and cystic focal diameter error were tested according to the verification regulations. In addition, the study retrospectively analyzed the performance testing data of 19 medical ultrasound diagnostic equipments over the past three consecutive years and conducted statistical analysis. Through the testing, all performance indicators of the 17 equipments met the requirements of the verification regulations, indicating that they can stably and reliably provide high-quality ultrasound diagnostic images and data in clinical applications. Meanwhile, retrospective data showed that with the increase with the increase in service life, the resolving ability at the far field of the 19 equipments decreased, and the cystic focal diameter error increased. Therefore, it is recommended that medical institutions establish a regular testing and maintenance system for medical ultrasound diagnostic equipment, conducting regular performance evaluations and maintenance to ensure its good working condition.
Phantoms, Imaging ; Ultrasonography/instrumentation* ; Retrospective Studies

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intricately linked to the most severe clinical manifestations of brain damage. It encompasses dynamic pathological mechanisms, including hemodynamic disorders, excitotoxic injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of biomaterial-based tissue engineering scaffolds and nano-drug delivery systems. As an example of functionalized biomaterials, nano-drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. They provide multiple targeting strategies relying on factors such as morphology and scale, magnetic fields, pH, photosensitivity, and enzymes to facilitate the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier and to promote selective accumulation at the injury site. Furthermore, therapeutic agents can be incorporated into bioscaffolds to interact with the biochemical and biophysical environment of the brain. Bioscaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix environment, regulate cellular interactions, and increase the effectiveness of local treatments following surgical interventions. Additionally, stem cell-based and exosome-dominated extracellular vesicle carriers exhibit high bioreactivity and low immunogenicity and can be used to design therapeutic agents with high bioactivity. This review also examines the utilization of endogenous bioactive materials in the treatment of TBI.

Objective To prepare and characterize caspofungin acetate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using glycerol monostearate （CAS-SLNs）, and investigate the antifungal effect of potentiation on Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for the determination of caspofungin acetate （CAS）. CAS-SLNs were prepared by the melt-emulsification method and characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and the inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm were determined. A systemic infection model of Candida albicans was established in mice, and the growth curve models for body weight and fungal load of kidneys of the animals were investigated after intravenous infection. Results The retention time of CAS was 6.8 min. The calibration curve showed good linearity, and the precision and stability met the requirements of the assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CAS-SLNs were spherical, with a particle size of （135.97±1.73） nm. The Zeta potential was （19.33±0.37） mV, drug loading was （7.55±0.68）%, and encapsulation efficiency was （67.71±1.74）%. CAS-SLNs showed significant in vitro antifungal inhibition with a MIC of 9.78×10⁻⁴ g/ml, which was significantly better than CAS group and the physical mixture group of CAS and GMS, as well as the same biofilm inhibition was observed （P<0.001）. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CAS-SLNs maintained stable body weight gain compared to the control （P<0.01） and CAS groups in Candida albicans invasive infection model, and that CAS-SLNs significantly reduced renal fungal burden load relative to the CAS group （P<0.05）. In vivo study revealed that a stable body weight was maintained in CAS-SLNs group compared to the control group （P<0.01） in Candida albicans invasive infection model. CAS-SLNs also significantly reduced renal fungal load compared to the CAS group （P<0.05）. Conclusion CAS-SLNs significantly enhanced the antifungal effects of CAS in vitro and in vivo, which provided a valuable insight for the research of new formulation of CAS.

Objective To explore aging effect on healthy cerebral white matter using fixel-based analysis(FBA)on diffusion tensor imaging.Methods Eighty-seven healthy participants were divided into younger group and older group according to their ages,and all of whom were examined with diffusion tensor imaging at 3.0T.The fractional anisotropy(FA)of two groups was compared using whole brain voxel-based analysis(VBA).Then,FBA was used to calculate complexity(CX),fiber density(FD),fiber cross-section(FC)and fiber density and fiber cross-section(FDC)in voxels where older group exhibited significantly lower FA values than younger group.Finally,certain tracts of interest were chosen for tract-specific analyses.Results Compared with younger group,older group had significantly lower FA values in the genu of corpus callosum,splenium of corpus callosum,fornix,and posterior limb of internal capsule(P<0.05).Besides the above regions,older group showed significantly lower FD,FC and FDC in the anterior thalamic radiation,anterior limb of internal capsule,cerebral peduncle,superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum gyrus,forceps-minor and uncinate fasciculus(P<0.05).In voxels where FA values of older group were significantly lower than those of younger group,strong negative correlation was observed between average CX and average FA,while positive correlation was observed between average FD/FDC and average FA.Quantitative tract-specific analyses showed that older group had showed lower FD,FC and FDC in regard of superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum,anterior thalamic radiation,forceps-minor and uncinate fasciculus(P<0.05).Conclusion FBA reveals the characteristics of specific fibers and can be used to perform comprehensive and effective evaluation of aging effect on healthy cerebral white matter.

Objective To evaluate the value of deep learning(DL)-based artificial intelligence(AI)automatic reconstruction for evaluation of grafts in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods Coronary CT angiography data of 90 patients who underwent CABG with a total of 197 grafts were retrospectively analyzed.Taken manual evaluation results(manual group)as the standards,the efficacy of AI(AI group)for evaluating the degree of stenosis of graft and distal autologous blood vessels were assessed.The consistency between calculating unprotected coronary territory(UCT)and the total time for image post-processing and diagnosis were compared between groups.Results AI group showed average consistency with manual group for evaluating the number of grafts([intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC]=0.743,P＜0.05),average to excellent for evaluating the maximum degree of graft stenosis(Kappa=0.310-1.000,all P＜0.05),also average to good consistency for evaluating the maximum degree of stenosis of the native vessel distal to the graft insertion(Kappa=0.292-0.795,all P＜0.05).AI group had moderate consistency with manual group for UCT(ICC=0.469,P＜0.05),achieved an area under the curve of 0.811.The overall time of image post-processing and diagnosis in AI group were both significantly shorter than that in manual group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Having acceptable consistency with manual evaluation and ability for assistant,AI was efficient for automatic reconstructing coronary artery bypass graft and quantifying the degree of graft stenosis.

Objective To explore aging effect on healthy cerebral white matter using fixel-based analysis(FBA)on diffusion tensor imaging.Methods Eighty-seven healthy participants were divided into younger group and older group according to their ages,and all of whom were examined with diffusion tensor imaging at 3.0T.The fractional anisotropy(FA)of two groups was compared using whole brain voxel-based analysis(VBA).Then,FBA was used to calculate complexity(CX),fiber density(FD),fiber cross-section(FC)and fiber density and fiber cross-section(FDC)in voxels where older group exhibited significantly lower FA values than younger group.Finally,certain tracts of interest were chosen for tract-specific analyses.Results Compared with younger group,older group had significantly lower FA values in the genu of corpus callosum,splenium of corpus callosum,fornix,and posterior limb of internal capsule(P<0.05).Besides the above regions,older group showed significantly lower FD,FC and FDC in the anterior thalamic radiation,anterior limb of internal capsule,cerebral peduncle,superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum gyrus,forceps-minor and uncinate fasciculus(P<0.05).In voxels where FA values of older group were significantly lower than those of younger group,strong negative correlation was observed between average CX and average FA,while positive correlation was observed between average FD/FDC and average FA.Quantitative tract-specific analyses showed that older group had showed lower FD,FC and FDC in regard of superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum,anterior thalamic radiation,forceps-minor and uncinate fasciculus(P<0.05).Conclusion FBA reveals the characteristics of specific fibers and can be used to perform comprehensive and effective evaluation of aging effect on healthy cerebral white matter.